Berlin

"to handle filthy Jews": Quoted in Nathan Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart. Intermarriage and the Rosenstrasse Protest in Nazi Germany (New York, 1996), 183.

"is to be ‘Jew-free’": Andreas-Friedrich, Berlin Underground, 90.

"become free of Jews": Quoted in Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart, 212.

Judenfrei: Quoted in Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair, 232.

deportation figures: Peter Wyden, Stella (New York, 1992), 189–190.

"ranks were thinning"; "happening in their streets": Deutschkron, Outcast, 111, 123–124.

until the Nazi collapse: For a compelling account of the underground lives of the Jewish survivors in Berlin, see Leonard Gross, The Last Jews in Berlin (New York, 1982).

"no visible damage"; "victim of the Jews": Quoted in Wyden, Stella, 152, 254–255.

Baum Group: See Wolfgang Wippermann, Die Berliner Gruppe Baum und der jüdische Widerstand (Berlin, 1981).

Rosenstrasse protest: See Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart.

"from them again"; "husbands back"; "extremely dangerous": Quoted in ibid., 213, 235, 237.

need for ground invasion: Arthur Harris, Bomber Offensive (London, 1947), 73–76.

"German war effort": Quoted in Overy, Why the Allies Won, 117.

mockup of Berlin apartments: "Angriff auf ‘German Village,’" Der Spiegel 41/1999, 238–243.

Berlin soldiers’ death figures: Stoltzfus, Resistance of the Heart, 196–197.

"storm, break loose!": Quoted in Reuth, Goebbels, 316.

signs of defeatism: Marlis G. Steinert, Hitler’s War and the Germans (Athens, Ohio, 1977), 186.

"on the defensive": Ian Kershaw, The ‘Hitler Myth’: Images and Reality in the Third Reich (Oxford, 1987), 187.

"do so anymore": Kardorff, Berliner Aufzeichnungen, 62–63.

August 23/24, 1943 raid: Middlebrook, Berlin Raids, 71–72.

November/December, 1943 raids: Ibid., 123–139. See also Earl R. Beck, Under the Bombs. The German Home Front, 1942–1945 (Lexington, Ky., 1986).

"what happens next": Engeli and Ribbe, "Berlin in der NS-Zeit," 1015.

final weeks of agony: Wessling, Karajan, 98.

"preserve its good humor"; DTU: Quoted in Kater, Drummers, 124, 168.

face of adversity: Linda Schulte-Saxe, "Retrieving the City as Heimat: Berlin in Nazi Cinema," in Haxthausen and Suhr, eds., Berlin, 177–180.

not fit to serve: Martin Kitchen, Nazi Germany at War (London, 1995), 270.

Kolberg: Anton Kaes, From Hitler to Heimat. The Return of History as Film (Cambridge, Mass., 1989), 2–4.

Das Leben Geht Weiter: Kitchen, Nazi Germany at War, 275.

"All clear!": Andreas-Friedrich, Berlin Underground, 139–140.

"a magnificent spectacle": Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 288.

"Soldiers Hall in Berlin": Ibid., 298.

"in the first place?": Andreas-Friedrich, Berlin Underground, 140.

complexity of the capital: Beatrix Herlemann, "Der deutsche kommunistische Widerstand während des Krieges," Beiträge zum Widerstand 1933–1945. Nr. 35, Gedenkstätte deutscher Widerstand, Berlin, 1989.

"to get the verdict changed": Quoted in Michael Balfour, Withstanding Hitler (London, 1988), 211.

July 20, 1944: The classic study of the German resistance is Peter Hoffmann, The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1977). For a different perspective, see Theodore S. Hamerow, On the Road to the Wolf’s Lair: German Resistance to Hitler (Cambridge, Mass., 1997). Berlin’s place in the resistance is treated in Peter Steinbach, "Zwischen Bomben und Gestapo—Berlin als Reichshauptstadt," in Hannelore Horn, Berlin als Faktor nationaler und international Politik (Berlin, 1988), 23–44.

were yet to come: Joachim Fest, Staatsstreich: Der lange Weg zum 20. Juni (Berlin, 1984), 8.

Eisenhower’s Berlin strategy: Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower and Berlin, 1945. The Decision to Halt at the Elbe (New York, 1967), 17–37.

take the German capital: Norman Gelb, The Berlin Wall (New York, 1986), 20.

"other fellows take over": Quoted in Ambrose, Eisenhower and Berlin, 89.

"controls Europe": Quoted in Gelb, Berlin Wall, 22.