Berlin

"more rarely—marriage": George Clare, Before the Wall. Berlin Days 1946–1948 (New York, 1990), 70.

"Sherman, Jenghis Khan": Quoted in David McCullough, Truman (New York, 1992), 415.

"ours to them": Quoted in ibid., 403.

"population throughout Germany": Windsor, City on Leave, 28.

Europe and Germany: On the Potsdam Conference, see Charles L. Mee, Jr., Meeting At Potsdam (New York, 1975).

"inhabited by a fifth": Botting, Ruins, 513.

"carried anyone away": Quoted in Dagmar Barnouw, Germany 1945. Views of War and Violence (Bloomington, 1996), 91.

smokes at PX: Speier, Ashes, 26.

Clay’s wife; "a couple thousand bucks": Quoted in Botting, Ruins, 229–230.

"glass of crystal": Speier, Ashes, 27.

came of the threats: Jörg Roesler, "The Black Market in Postwar Berlin and the Methods Used to Contain It," German History 7:1 (April 1989), 96.

for their freedom: See Tom Bower, The Pledge Betrayed (New York, 1982); and Bower, The Paperclip Conspiracy: The Battle for the Spoils and Secrets of Nazi Germany (London, 1987).

applicants too closely: Clare, Before the Wall, 47.

"the German renewal": Quoted in Wolfgang Schivelbusch, In a Cold Crater. Cultural and Intellectual Life in Berlin 1945–1948 (Berkeley, 1988), 63.

"in the next twenty years": Quoted in Dalichow and Geiss, eds., Filmstadt Babelsberg, 67.

"Hit or miss": Clare, Before the Wall, 82.

mood of the Berliners: See Joseph Hoppe, "Frolic at Five—Mehr als ein Soldatensender," in Tamara Domentat, ed., Coca-Cola, Jazz und AFN. Berlin unddie Amerikaner (Berlin 1985), 118–127.

RIAS: See Herbert Kundler, RIAS Berlin. Eine Radio-Station in einer geteilten Stadt (Berlin, 1994).

Free University: See James F. Tent, "The Free University of Berlin: A German Experiment in Higher Education 1948–1961," in Jeffrey M. Diefendorf, et al., eds., American Policy and the Reconstruction of West Germany, 1945–1955 (New York, 1993), 237–256.

"all the greater": Quoted in Schivelbusch, Cold Crater, 30.

"on cultural directives"; "cultural axis": Quoted in ibid., 31.

"nothing to begin from": Spender, European Witness, 236.

"Stay here!": Quoted in Shirakawa, Devil’s Music Master, 340.

"can say as much?": Quoted in Taylor, Berlin and Its Culture, 291.

"cherished by all peoples": Berlin Wirbt!, 23.

"more alive than Paris": Quoted in Schivelbusch, Cold Crater, 22.

flee back to America: Fritz Kortner, Aller Tage Abend (Munich, 1959), 560.

Brecht complaint: "Ein Ort für die Ewigkeit," Der Tagesspiegel, Sept. 1, 1994.

"noise": Suhrkamp to Kracauer, Jan. 30, 1946. Quoted in Schivelbusch, Cold Crater, 23. .

"will not last": Furtwängler to Helmut Grohe, Feb. 12, 1947. Quoted in ibid.

"charred remains": Elisabeth Langgässer, quoted in ibid.

"golden hunger years": For a survey of this period, see Hans Borgelt, Das war der Früling von Berlin (Munich, 1980).

"saddle on a cow": Anne McElvoy, The Saddled Cow (London, 1993).

fusion of east-SPD and KPD: Naimark, Russians in Berlin, 275–284.

"Russian lovers": Andreas-Friedrich, Battleground Berlin, 136.

"people just disappeared": Clare, Before the Wall, 229.

Stalin’s plans for Germany: See R. C. Raack, "Stalin Plans His Post-War Germany," Journal of Contemporary History 28 (1993), 53073, especially 62–63; Dietrich Staritz, "The SED, Stalin, and the German Question: Interests and Decision-Making in Light of New Sources," German History 10 (1992), 274–289, especially 277. For a recent study of Germany in the Gold War, see W. R. Smyser, From Yalta to Berlin. The Cold War Struggle over Germany (New York, 1999).

"routine questions"; "dramatic suddenness": Quoted in David Clay Large, "The Great Rescue," Military History Quarterly (Spring 1997), 16.

lair of the Bear: See Charles F. Pennacchio, "The East German Communists and the Origins of the Berlin Crisis," East European Quarterly 24 (September, 1995), 292–313.

"pyramids of skulls": Frank L. Howley, Berlin Command (New York, 1950), 197.

leakiest blockade: William Stivers, "The Incomplete Blockade: Soviet Zone Supply of West Berlin, 1948–49," Diplomatic History 21:4 (Fall 1997), 569–602.

"fight for freedom"; "full of danger": Quoted in Large, "Rescue," 17.