Berlin

"enjoyment of prosperity": Stern, Failure of Illiberalism, 217.

Stasi: For a recent history of this organization, see John O. Koehler, Stasi. The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police (Boulder, Col., 1999). The best study is David Childs and Richard Popplewell, The Stasi. The East German Intelligence and Security Service (London, 1996).

Wolf: On Markus Wolf, see his memoir, Man Without a Face. The Autobiography of Communism’s Greatest Spymaster (New York, 1997); also Markus Wolf, Die Troika (Dusseldorf, 1989); and Leslie Colitt, Spymaster (Reading, Mass., 1995).

"went through Berlin": Quoted in Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy. The Life of Allen Dulles (New York, 1994), 397.

Gehlen Organization: See Reinhard Gehlen, Der Dienst. Erinnerungen 1942–1971 (Mainz, 1971); Mary Ellen Reese, General Reinhard Gehlen: The CIA Connection (Fairfax, Va., 1990).

"always a traitor"; "die for the Federal Republic": "Ich habe mich ergeben," Der Spiegel, Dec. 21, 1955, 11. See also David Clay Large, "A ‘Gift to the German Future?’ The Anti-Hitler Resistance and West German Rearmament," German Studies Review 7:3 (October 1984), 301.

"revenge for 1945": Wolf, Man Without a Face, 80.

as soon as he could: Otto John, Twice Through the Lines (New York, 1972).

"mystery play": Murphy, Kondrashev, and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, 185.

"damaged goods on us": Wolf, Man Without a Face, 82.

"Operation Gold": On this, see Murphy, Kondrashev, and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, 205–237; "Operation Gold," Der Spiegel, 39/1997, 82–85.

"came to Berlin": Quoted in Grose, Gentleman Spy, 397.

"unguarded and exposed": Wolf, Man Without a Face, 91.

"capital of the GDR": Gelb, Berlin Wall, 47.

"land it is situated": Quoted in Ann Tusa, The Last Division. A History of Berlin 1945–1989 (Reading, Mass., 1997),116.

"occupiers in West Berlin": Quoted in ibid.

"are wholly illogical": John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (New York, 1997), 141.

"will fly automatically": Quoted in Kai Bird, The Color of Truth. McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy: Brothers in Arms (New York, 1998), 204.

"Germany cannot stand": Quoted in ibid. For Khrushchev’s position on Berlin, see also Douglas Selvage, "Khrushchev’s November 1958 Ultimatum: New Evidence from the Polish Archives," in Cold War Flashpoints. Bulletin of the Cold War International History Project (Winter 1988) 200–203.

threat of nuclear war: See William Burr, "Avoiding the Slippery Slope: The Eisenhower Administration and the Berlin Crisis, November 1958–January 1959," Diplomatic History 18:2 (Spring 1984), 177–205.

"atomized than communized": Quoted in Tusa, The Last Division, 175.

"use of nuclear weapons" "not for Berlin!": Quoted in Gaddis, We Now Know, 141.

"twice in this century": Quoted in Tusa, The Last Division, 175.

"holocaust and humiliation": Quoted in Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years. Kennedy and Khrushchev 1960–1963 (New York, 1991), 174.

"testicles of the West": Quoted in Gelb, Berlin Wall, 3.

"including the corridors"; "hands off Berlin"; "contractual rights": Quoted in Beschloss, The Crisis Years, 216, 177.

"in the world"; "your problem"; "force a change"; "be at stake"; "another think coming": Quoted in ibid., 217–227.

Chapter 9

"political constructs collide": Peter Schneider, The Wall Jumper (New York, 1983), 3–4.

"application of these measures": Quoted in Kai-Axel Aanderud, Die eingemauerte Stadt (Recklingshausen, 1991), 42.

"cemented shut": Quoted in ibid., 43.

construction of the Wall: For a narrative history of the Berlin Wall, see Peter Wyden, Wall. The Inside Story of Divided Berlin (New York, 1989); on Honecker’s role, see "Das Mauer-Komplott," Die Zeit, Aug. 16, 1991; "Gipsbrei für die Rattenlocher," Der Spiegel 33/1991, 102–112.

"to build a wall": Quoted in Aanderud, Die eingemauerte Stadt, 29.

"right to do"; "without anesthesia": Quoted in ibid., 36, 49.