Без своего мнения. Как Google, Facebook, Amazon и Apple лишают вас индивидуальности

125. “Jeff Bezos in Conversation with Steven Levy,” Wired Business Conference, June 15, 2009.

126. Brad Stone, The Everything Store (Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 24.

127. Рассуждая об экономике знания, я опирался на превосходный труд Дэвида Уорша: David Warsh Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations (W.W. Norton, 2006).

128. Paul M. Romer, “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 5 (October 1990): S71–102.

129. Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free (McSweeney’s, 2014), 41.

130. Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (Random House, 2001), 14.

131. Kevin Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy (Viking Penguin, 1998), 40.

132. Astra Taylor, The People’s Platform (Metropolitan Books, 2014), 204.

133. Paul Mason, Postcapitalism (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 125.

134. Herbert A. Simon, “Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World,” in Martin Greenberger, ed., Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971), 40.

135. Gleick, 410.

136. Chris Ruen, Freeloading (OR Books, 2012), 7.

137. Robert Levine, Free Ride (Doubleday, 2011), 9.

138. Scott Cleland, “Grand Theft Auto-mated,” Forbes, November 30, 2011.

139. Марк Цукерберг, пост на Facebook от 12 ноября 2016 г.

Глава 5. Стражи небесных врат

140. Staci D.Kramer, “Don Graham on the Sale of The Washington Post, Jeff Bezos, and the Pace of Newsroom Innovation,” NiemanLab, August 6, 2013.

141. David Manning White, “The ‘Gate Keeper’: A Case Study in the Selection of News,” Journalism Quarterly 27 (December 1950): 383–90.

142. Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News (Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), 7.

143. John B. Judis, The Paradox of American Democracy (Pantheon, 2000), 23.

144. Judis, Paradox, 22.

145. Katharine Graham, Personal History (Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), 465.

146. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (Knopf, 1975), 188.

147. Jeff Bezos, Letter to Amazon shareholders, 2011.

148. Thomas L. Friedman, “Do You Want the Good News First?” New York Times, May 19, 2012.

149. Bezos, Letter, 2011.

150. Bezos, Letter to shareholders, 2011.

151. Jeff Bezos, “Jeff Bezos on Post Purchase,” Washington Post, August 5, 2013.

152. George Packer, “Cheap Words,” New Yorker, February 17, 2014.

153. Stone, Everything, 243.

154. Daniel Lyons, “Why Bezos Was Surprised by the Kindle’s Success,” Newsweek, December 20, 2009.

155. Ben H. Bagdikian, The New Media Monopoly (Beacon Press, 2004), 121.

156. Bagdikian, 16.

157. Wu, Master Switch, 219–21.

158. Robert W. McChesney and John Nichols, The Death and Life of American Journalism (Nation Books, 2010), 152.

159. André Schiffrin, The Business of Books (Verso, 2000), 1.

160. Bennett Cerf, At Random (Random House, 1977), 285.

Глава 6. Тайный совет технологических гигантов

161. Tom Standage, The Victorian Internet (Bloomsbury, 2014), 215.

162. Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media (Basic Books, 2004), 171–73.

163. Starr, 176.

164. Menahem Blondheim, News over the Wires (Harvard University Press, 1994), viii.

165. Blondheim, 151.

166. David Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 1832–1920 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 44.

167. Starr, 177.

168. Wu, Master Switch, 22.

169. Starr, 187.

170. Jonathan Zittrain, “Facebook Could Decide an Election Without Anyone Ever Finding Out,” New Republic, June 1, 2014.

171. Joshua Green, “Google’s Eric Schmidt Invests in Obama’s Big Data Brains,” BloombergBusinessweek, May 31, 2013.

172. “Obama for America uses Google Analytics to democratize rapid, data-driven decision making,” Google Analytics Case Study, 2013.

173. Steve Lohr and David Streitfeld, “Data Engineer in Google Case Is Identified,” New York Times, April 30, 2012; David Streitfeld, “Google Is Faulted for Impeding U.S. Inquiry on Data Collection,” New York Times, April 14, 2012.

174. Robert Epstein, “How Google Could Rig the 2016 Election,” Politico, August 19, 2015; Robert Epstein and Ronald E. Robertson, “The Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME) and Its Possible Impact on the Outcomes of Elections,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (August 18, 2015): E4512–21.

175. Les Brown, “Subliminal Ad Pops Up in National TV Promotion,” New York Times, December 27, 1973.

Глава 7. Вирус виральности

176. Greg Bensinger, “Competing with Amazon on Amazon,” Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2012.

177. Jonah Peretti, “Mormons, Mullets, and Maniacs,” New York Viral Media Meetup, August 12, 2010.

178. Michael Schudson, The Sociology of News (W. W. Norton, 2011), 73.

179. John Morton Blum, ed., Public Philosopher: Selected Letters of Walter Lippmann (Ticknor & Fields, 1985), 133–34.

180. Lippmann, Liberty and the News, 5.

181. Robert Darnton, “Writing News and Telling Stories,” Daedalus 104, no. 2 (Spring 1975): 175–94.

182. Taylor, 87.

183. “The Worst Jobs of 2015,” CareerCast.com.

184. Andy Serwer, “Inside the Mind of Jonah Peretti,” Fortune, December 5, 2013.

185. James Fallows, “Learning to Love the (Shallow, Divisive, Unreliable) New Media,” Atlantic, April 2011.