<p><strong><emphasis>Примечания</emphasis></strong></p><p><strong>Введение</strong></p><p>1. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>89.</p><p><strong>Глава 1</strong></p><p>1. Дата рождения Гаутамы, равно как и время его отречения от мирской жизни в настоящее время составляют предмет дискуссий. Если ранее западные ученые считали установленным, что Гаутама родился в 563 г. до н.э., а следовательно, его уход из дома можно датировать примерно 534 г. до н.э., то последние исследования указывают на то, что это событие могло произойти позднее — приблизительно в 450 г. до н.э. Heinz Berchant. См. «The Date of the Buddha reconsidered», Indologia Taurinensin, 10.</p><p>2. Смысл имени сына Гаутамы, Рахулы (Rahula), традиционно интерпретировался как «оковы, неволя». Однако ряд современных исследователей подвергают сомнению эту трактовку.</p><p>3. <emphasis>Majjhima</emphasis> <emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 36, 100.</p><p>4. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya, </emphasis>26, 36, 85, 100.</p><p>5. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka,</emphasis> 1:62.</p><p>6. Евангелие от Луки 9:57–62; 14:25–27; 18:28–30.</p><p>7. <emphasis>Majjhima Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya, </emphasis>26.</p><p>8. <emphasis>Anguttara Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya,</emphasis> 3:38.</p><p>9. Mircea Eliade, <emphasis>The Myth of the Eternal Return or Cosmos and History</emphasis> (Willard J. Trask), Princeton, NJ, 1954.</p><p>10. <emphasis>Majjhima Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya,</emphasis> 26.</p><p>11.<emphasis> </emphasis><emphasis>Udana,</emphasis><emphasis> 8:3.</emphasis></p><p>12. <emphasis>Sutta-Nip</emphasis>a<emphasis>ta,</emphasis> 3:1.</p><p>13. Karl Jaspers, <emphasis>The Origin and Goal of History</emphasis> (Michael Bulcock), London, 1953.</p><p>14. Там же, 2–12.</p><p>15. Там же, 7, 13.</p><p>16. Там же, 28–46.</p><p>17. Книга Бытия 2–3.</p><p>18. Joseph Campbell,<emphasis> Oriental Mythology, The Masks of God,</emphasis> New York, 1962, 211–18.</p><p>19. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 6:44; 7:1.</p><p>20. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 4.</p><p>21. Alfred Weber, <emphasis>Kulturgeschichte als Kultursoziologie,</emphasis> Leiden, 1935; <emphasis>Das Tragische und die Geschichte,</emphasis> Hamburg, 1943.</p><p>22. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo,</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 33–59.</p><p>23. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo,</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 33–34; Hermann Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha: His Life, His Doctrine, His Order</emphasis> (в пер. William Hoey), London, 1882, 19–21, 44–48; Trevor Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha: Buddhist Civilization in India and Ceylon, </emphasis>London, 1973, 66–67.</p><p>24. Sukumar Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India,</emphasis> London, 1962, 73.</p><p>25. Jaspers, <emphasis>Origin and Goal,</emphasis> 48–49.</p><p>26. Jaspers, <emphasis>Origin and Goal,</emphasis> 55.</p><p>27. Marshall G.S. Hodgson, <emphasis>The Venture of Islam, Conscience and History in a World Civilization,</emphasis> 3 vols., Chicago and London, 1974, 108–35.</p><p>28. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 38–55; Michael Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> Oxford and New York, 1983, 13–18; Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism, </emphasis>50–59.</p><p>29. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 48–49.</p><p>30. Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism,</emphasis> 349–50; Carrithers,<emphasis> The Buddha,</emphasis> 12–14.</p><p>31. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 53–63; Michael Edwardes, <emphasis>In the Blowing Out of a Flame: The World of the Buddha and the World of Man,</emphasis> London, 1976, 27–29.</p><p>32. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings,</emphasis> London and Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1996, 31–33; <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism,</emphasis> 46–48; Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha, </emphasis>24–25; Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 47–52.</p><p>33. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 65–66; Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 41–44.</p><p>34. <emphasis>Chandogya Upanisad,</emphasis> 6:13.</p><p>35. Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 59–60.</p><p>36. Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha, </emphasis>64; Campbell, Oriental Mythology: The Masks of God, 197–98.</p><p>37. Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks</emphasis> 38–40.</p><p>38. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka</emphasis> I 54–65 in Henry Clarke Warren, <emphasis>Buddhism in Translation, </emphasis>Cambridge, Mass., 1900, 48–67.</p><p>39. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis> 2:21–29.</p><p>40. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka</emphasis> 1:61.</p><p>41. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka</emphasis> 1:54.</p><p>42. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka </emphasis>1:63.</p><p><strong>Глава 2</strong></p><p>1. <emphasis>Sutta-Nip</emphasis>a<emphasis>ta</emphasis> 3:1.</p><p>2. Trevor Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha: Buddhist Civilization in India and Ceylon, </emphasis>London, 1973, 76–82; Hermann Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha: His Life, His Doctrine, His Order</emphasis> (trans. William Hoey) London, 1882, 66–71; Michael Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha, </emphasis>Oxford and New York, 1983, 18–23; Sukumar Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks and Monasteries in India,</emphasis> London, 1962, 38–50.</p><p>3. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 77–78.</p><p>4. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo,</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 47.</p><p>5. Там же, 48–49.</p><p>6. Oldenburg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 67.</p><p>7. Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 25.</p><p>8. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 78–82; Joseph Campbell, <emphasis>Oriental Mythology: The Masks of God,</emphasis> New York, 1962, 218–34.</p><p>9. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 92; Mircea Eliade, <emphasis>Yoga, Immortality and Freedom</emphasis> (в пер. William J. Trask), London, 1958, 102.</p><p>10. Samkhya Karita, 59.</p><p>11. Eliade, Yoga, 8–35.</p><p>12. Majjhima Nikaya, 26, 36, 85, 100.</p><p>13. Eliade,<emphasis> Yoga,</emphasis> 35–114.</p><p>14. Eliade, <emphasis>Yoga,</emphasis> 4–5.</p><p>15. Послание к Галатам, 4:1–11.</p><p>16. Книга Бытия, 18.</p><p>17. Книга пророка Исайи, 6:5.</p><p>18. Книга пророка Иеремии, 44:15–19.</p><p>19. Книга пророка Иезекииля, 4:4–17; 12; 24:15–24.</p><p>20. Eliade, <emphasis>Yoga,</emphasis> 59–62.</p><p>21. Yoga-Suttas 2:42.</p><p>22. Eliade, <emphasis>Yoga,</emphasis> 53–55.</p><p>23. Там же, 55–58.</p><p>24. Там же, 56.</p><p>25. Там же, 47–49.</p><p>26. Там же, 68–69.</p><p>27. Там же, 70–71.</p><p>28. Там же, 72–76; 167–73; Carrithers,<emphasis> The Buddha,</emphasis> 32–33; Edward Conze, <emphasis>Buddhist Meditation,</emphasis> London, 1956, 20–22.</p><p>29. Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 30, 34–35.</p><p>30. Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 33; Eliade, Yoga, 77–84.</p><p>31. Карен Армстронг. История Бога: 4000 лет исканий в иудаизме, христианстве и исламе. — М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2008.</p><p>32. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 26, 36, 85, 100.</p><p>33. Там же, 26, 36, 85, 100.</p><p>34. Там же, 12, 36, 85, 200.</p><p>35. Там же, 36.</p><p>36. Там же, 36.</p><p><strong>Глава 3</strong></p><p>1. Joseph Campbell, <emphasis>Oriental Mythology: The Masks of God, </emphasis>New York, 1962, 236.</p><p>2. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 36.</p><p>3. Там же.</p><p>4. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis> 9:3; Majjhima Nikaya, 38, 41.</p><p>5. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 27, 38, 39, 112.</p><p>6. Там же, 100.</p><p>7. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 327.</p><p>8. <emphasis>Samyutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 2:36.</p><p>9. <emphasis>Vinaya: Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:6.</p><p>10. <emphasis>Udana,</emphasis> 3:10.</p><p>11. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 38.</p><p>12. Там же, 38.</p><p>13. Там же, 2.</p><p>14. Hernamm Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha: His Life, His Doctrine, His Order </emphasis>(в пер. William Hoey), London, 1882, 299–302; Edward Conze, <emphasis>Buddhism: Its Essence and Development,</emphasis> Oxford, 1957, 102.</p><p>15. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 8:7:3; Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings,</emphasis> London and Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1996, 60–61.</p><p>16. Michael Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> Oxford and New York, 1983, 75–77.</p><p>17. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 8:20.</p><p>18. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 100.</p><p>19. <emphasis>Majjahima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 100; <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta</emphasis><emphasis> Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis>, 12:65.</p><p>20. <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>12:65.</p><p>21. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 36.</p><p>22. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:5.</p><p>23. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:182.</p><p>24. <emphasis>Majjihama </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>36.</p><p>25. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 10:95.</p><p>26. Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 279–82.</p><p>27. <emphasis>Sutta Nip</emphasis>a<emphasis>ta,</emphasis> 5:7.</p><p>28. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:68–76; Henry Clarke Warren, <emphasis>Buddhism in Translation,</emphasis> Cambridge, Mass., 1900, 71–83.</p><p>29.<emphasis> J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka,</emphasis> 1:70.</p><p>30. Там же, 1:71.</p><p>31. Mircea Eliade, <emphasis>The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religio</emphasis>n (в пер. Willard R. Trask), New York and London, 1957, 33–37; 52–54; 169. Joseph Campbell, <emphasis>The Hero With a Thousand Faces, </emphasis>Princeton, NJ, 1968 end., 40–46, 56–58; <emphasis>The Power of Myth</emphasis> (with Bill Moyers), New York, 1988, 160–62.</p><p>32. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:72.</p><p>33. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka,</emphasis> 1:73.</p><p>34. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka,</emphasis> 1:74.</p><p>35. <emphasis>J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka,</emphasis> 1:75.</p><p>36. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:4.</p><p>37. Там же, 1:5.</p><p>38. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mahavagga,</emphasis> 1:5.</p><p>39. Eliade, <emphasis>Sacred and Profane,</emphasis> 200; Campbell, <emphasis>The Power of Myth, </emphasis>174–75.</p><p>40. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mahavagga,</emphasis> 1:5.</p><p>41. Там же.</p><p>42. Там же, 1:6.</p><p><strong>Глава 4</strong></p><p>1. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga, </emphasis>1:6.</p><p>2. Там же, 1:6.</p><p>3. Там же.</p><p>4. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 22.</p><p>5. <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta</emphasis> <emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>53:31.</p><p>6. <emphasis>Majjhima</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>63.</p><p>7. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:6; <emphasis>Samyutta Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis>, 56:11.</p><p>8.<emphasis> </emphasis>Там же.</p><p>9. Согласно более поздним комментариям к легенде о Будде, Конданна был один из <emphasis>браминов,</emphasis> которых Шуддходхана пригласил изучить особые метки на теле своего новорожденного сына Гаутамы. Именно Конданна тогда предсказал, что мальчику суждено стать Буддой. После того как он мгновенно постиг суть Дхармы, его стали называть Анната Конданна — Конданна, который знает.</p><p>10. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:6.</p><p>11. Там же.</p><p>12. Там же. Сообщается, что эти первые буддисты в одночасье превратились из «вошедших в поток», у которых впереди всего семь перерождений, в архатов, полностью пробужденных, а значит, свободных от цепей <emphasis>сансары</emphasis>. Более поздняя буддийская традиция предполагала на этом пути две промежуточные ступени для большинства людей: 1) «однажды возвращающийся» <emphasis>(сакадагами)</emphasis> — тот, кому осталась еще лишь одна земная жизнь, и 2) «не возвращающийся» <emphasis>(анагами)</emphasis> — тот, кому осталось родиться в последний раз, но уже в ипостаси бога.</p><p>13. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 26. Tillman Vetter, <emphasis>The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, </emphasis>London, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne, 1986, xxix.</p><p>14. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga</emphasis> 1:6.</p><p>15. <emphasis>Samyutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 12:56; Digha Nikaya, 14; Vinaya: Mahavagga, 1:1; Udana, 1:1–3.</p><p>16. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:1.</p><p>17. Michael Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha</emphasis> Oxford and New York, 1983, 68–70; Hermann Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha: His Life, His Doctrine; His Order, </emphasis>(в пер. William Hoey), London, 1882, 224–52; Karl Jaspers, <emphasis>The Great Philosophers: The Foundations</emphasis> (в пер. Ralph Meinheim), London, 1962, 39–40; Vetter, <emphasis>Ideas and Meditative Practices, </emphasis>240–42.</p><p>18. Richard Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 62–63; Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 240–42; Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha, </emphasis>66.</p><p>19. Vetter, <emphasis>Ideas and Meditative Practices,</emphasis> 50–52; Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 243–47.</p><p>20. Vetter,<emphasis> Ideas and Meditative Practices, </emphasis>49–50.</p><p>21. Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha, </emphasis>248–51; Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 57–58.</p><p>22. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 6:63.</p><p>23. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mahavagga,</emphasis> 1:6; <emphasis>Samyutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis>, 22:59.</p><p>24. Там же.</p><p>25. <emphasis>Samyutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 12:61.</p><p>26. <emphasis>Digha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 9.</p><p>27. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:6.</p><p>28. Там же.</p><p>29. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1.</p><p>30. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:7.</p><p>31. Там же.</p><p>32. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:8. Вообще-то ученые считают, что при жизни Будды формула посвящения подразумевала «одно прибежище» — прибежище в Будде; троичная формула прибежища вошла в традицию только после смерти Будды.</p><p>33. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:11.</p><p>34. Sukumar Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India,</emphasis> London, 1962, 33.</p><p><strong>Глава 5</strong></p><p>1. <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta</emphasis> <emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 22:87.</p><p>2. Andrew Skilton, <emphasis>A Concise History of Buddhism,</emphasis> Birmingham, U.K., 1994, 19.</p><p>3. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 6:4.</p><p>4. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:12; Sukumur Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India,</emphasis> London, 1962, 22.</p><p>5. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:13.</p><p>6. Там же, 1:14–20.</p><p>7. Mircea Eliade, Yoga, <emphasis>Immortality and Freedom</emphasis> (в пер. Willard R. Trask), London, 1958, 85–90.</p><p>8. <emphasis>Sutta-Nip</emphasis>a<emphasis>tta, </emphasis>136; Udana, 1:4.</p><p>9. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:20.</p><p>10. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:21; <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>m<emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 35:28.</p><p>11. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 65–69.</p><p>12. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 1:21.</p><p>13. Там же, 1:22.</p><p>14. Там же, 1:23.</p><p>15. Edward Conze, <emphasis>Buddhism: Its Essence and Development,</emphasis> Oxford, 1957, 91–92.</p><p>16. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 1:24.</p><p>17.<emphasis> J</emphasis>a<emphasis>taka, </emphasis>1:87; Commentary on the Anguttara Nikaya, 1:302; Edward J. Thomas, <emphasis>The Life of Buddha in Legend and History,</emphasis> London, 1969, 97–102; Bhikkhu Nanamoli (trans. and ed.), <emphasis>The Life of the Buddha, According to the Pali Canon,</emphasis> Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1972, 75–77.</p><p>18. Thomas, <emphasis>Life of Buddha,</emphasis> 102–3.</p><p>19.<emphasis> </emphasis>Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 6:4; <emphasis>Sa</emphasis><emphasis>m</emphasis><emphasis>·</emphasis><emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 10:8.</p><p>20. Trevor Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha: Buddhist Civilization in India and Ceylon, </emphasis>London, 1973, 46–47.</p><p>21. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 6:4; <emphasis>Sa</emphasis><emphasis>m</emphasis><emphasis>·</emphasis><emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 10:8.</p><p>22. Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 58.</p><p>23. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 3:1.</p><p>24. Там же, 8:27.</p><p>25. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 6:5–9.</p><p>26. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 128; Vinaya: <emphasis>Mahavagga,</emphasis> 10:4.</p><p>27. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 89.</p><p>28. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 140–52; Michael Edwardes, <emphasis>In the Blowing Out of a Flame: The World of Buddha and the World of Man</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> London, 1976, 30–31.</p><p>29. Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism,</emphasis> 81–86; Michael Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> Oxford and New York, 1983, 95–97.</p><p>30. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 3: 191.</p><p>31. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 143.</p><p>32. Ling, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 135–37; Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism, </emphasis>75–77.</p><p>33. Carrithers, <emphasis>The Buddha,</emphasis> 86–87.</p><p>34. Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism,</emphasis> 78.</p><p>35. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 2:69–70.</p><p>36. <emphasis>Digha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 3:180–83.</p><p>37. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 4:43–45.</p><p>38. <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta</emphasis> <emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 3:1–8.</p><p>39. См. например, Евангелие от Матфея, 7:12.</p><p>40. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 3:65.</p><p>41. Там же.</p><p>42. Там же.</p><p>43. <emphasis>Sutta-Nip</emphasis>a<emphasis>ta,</emphasis> 118.</p><p>44. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 10:1.</p><p>45. <emphasis>D</emphasis><emphasis>i</emphasis><emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16; Isalene Blew Horner, <emphasis>Women Under Primitive Buddhism,</emphasis> London, 1930, 287.</p><p>46. Rita M. Gross, «Buddhism» в кн.: Jean Holm with John Bowker (eds.) <emphasis>Women in Religion,</emphasis> London, 1994, 5–6; Anne Bancroft, <emphasis>«Women in Buddhism»,</emphasis> в книге Ursula King (ed.) <emphasis>Women in the World's Religions, Past and Present, </emphasis>New York, 1987, по всему тексту.</p><p>47. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16.</p><p>48. Leila Ahmed, <emphasis>Women and Gender in Islam,</emphasis> New Haven and London, 1992, 11–29.</p><p>49. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 128.</p><p>50. <emphasis>Dhammapada,</emphasis> 5–6.</p><p>51. Vinaya: <emphasis>Mah</emphasis>a<emphasis>vagga,</emphasis> 10:5.</p><p>52. Dutt, <emphasis>Buddhist Monks</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 66.</p><p>53. Дхаммапада / Перевод с пали, введение и комментарии В. Н. Топорова. — М., 1960.</p><p>54. Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism,</emphasis> 92; Oldenberg, <emphasis>The Buddha: His Life, His Doctrine, His Order </emphasis>(в пер. William Hoey), London, 1882, xxxiii.</p><p>55. Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism,</emphasis> 88–89.</p><p>56. <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 4:36.</p><p><strong>Глава 6</strong></p><p>1. <emphasis>S</emphasis><emphasis>a</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 3:25.</p><p>2. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>89.</p><p>3. Bhikkhu Ñanamoli (trans. and ed.) <emphasis>The Life of the Buddha, According to the Pali Canon,</emphasis> Kandy, Sri Lanka, 1972, 285. (Это сказание включено в комментарии, а в самом Каноне отсутствует.)</p><p>4. <emphasis>Majjhima </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 104.</p><p>5. Vinaya: <emphasis>Cullavagga,</emphasis> 7:2.</p><p>6. Там же, 7:3.</p><p>7. Там же.</p><p>8. Там же.</p><p>9. Там же.</p><p>10. Там же.</p><p>11. Там же.</p><p>12. Там же, 7:5.</p><p>13. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16.</p><p>14. Там же.</p><p>15. Там же.</p><p>16. Там же.</p><p>17. Там же, 16; <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>ṁ<emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 47:9.</p><p>18. Там же, 16; <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 8:10.</p><p>19. Там же, 16; <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 47:14.</p><p>20. Там же, 16; <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 8:10.</p><p>21. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16.</p><p>22. Там же.</p><p>23. Ñanamoli, <emphasis>Life of Buddha,</emphasis> 357–58.</p><p>24. Michael Edwardes,<emphasis> In the Blowing Out of a Flame: The World of the Buddha and the World of Man,</emphasis> London, 1976, 45.</p><p>25. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16.</p><p>26. Richard F. Gombrich, <emphasis>Therav</emphasis>a<emphasis>da Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Columbo,</emphasis> London and New York, 1988, 65–69.</p><p>27.<emphasis> Ud</emphasis>a<emphasis>na,</emphasis> 8:1.</p><p>28. <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>a<emphasis>yutta </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 43:1–44.</p><p>29. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 16.</p><p>30. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>16; <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 76.</p><p>31. <emphasis>D</emphasis>ῑ<emphasis>gha </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>, </emphasis>16; <emphasis>Anguttara </emphasis><emphasis>Nik</emphasis>a<emphasis>ya</emphasis><emphasis>,</emphasis> 4:76.</p><p>32. <emphasis>Sutta-Nipp</emphasis>a<emphasis>ta,</emphasis> 5:7.</p> 
