(Cambridge Concise Histories) Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki - A Concise History of Poland-Cambridge University Press (2006)

of the Confederacy of Targowica

Treaty of St Petersburg: Russia and Prussia agree on the Second Partition of Poland Košciuszko’s Insurrection

3 Jan. T795 Treaty of St Petersburg: Russia and Austria agree on the Third Partition of Poland (accepted by Prussia, 24 October)

25 Nov. T795 King Stanistaw August Poniatowski abdicates

г2 Feb. 1798 Death of Stanistaw August Poniatowski

1798-T800 Polish legions in Italy under French aegis

1803 Tsar Alexander I reopens a Polish university in Wilno

(Vilnius)

г 805 Collapse of Czartoryski’s plan for restoration of Poland

in union with Russia (October)

Г807 Creation of the Napoleonic duchy of Warsaw (July);

abolition of serfdom in the duchy of Warsaw 1809 Duchy of Warsaw enlarged (October)

T812 Napoleon’s expedition to Moscow with Polish

participation

t 813 Russian forces occupy the duchy of Warsaw

1815 Russo-Austrian-Prussian treaties on Poland (3 May);

Final Treaty of Vienna (9 June): creation of the ‘Congress’ Kingdom of Poland with Tsar Alexander I as king; creation of the Grand Duchy of Posen (Poznan) and of the Free City of Krakow; introduction of Alexander I’s constitution for his Polish kingdom (24 December)

18 t 6 University of Warsaw founded by Tsar Alexander I

t 818 Opening of the first session of the Sejm of ‘Congress’

Poland (27 March) i 820 Opening of the second session of the Polish Sejm

(13 September): Alexander I warns against the abuse of liberty; Adam Mickiewicz’s ‘Ode to Youth’

1821 Alexander I bans all secret societies in 'Congress’ Poland

(November)

1 823 Czartoryski dismissed as curator of Wilno university

(October)

1823 Tsar Nicholas I succeeds Alexander 1 as Polish king

(1 December) t 827-8 Trial of the Polish ‘Decembrists’

1830 November Insurrection against Russian rule (starts

29 November)

183 i Deposition of Nicholas I by the Polish Sejm (25 January);

Russo-Polish war; fall of Warsaw (September); beginning of the ‘Great Emigration’

1 832 Nicholas I’s Organic Statute abolishes the Polish

Constitution (February); Polish Democratic Society founded in Paris (March)

1834 Publication in Paris of Mickiewicz’s Pan Tadeusz

Greek Catholic Church absorbed by the Russian Orthodox Church

Russian law replaces the Lithuanian legal code in the western governships of the Russian Empire Revolution in Krakow (February); Polish nobles massacred by peasants in western Galicia (Februarv-March); Austria annexes Krakow (16 November)

1839

1840 1846

1848-9

1850

1861

1863

1864

1869

1872

1873

T882

т886

т888 1892 т 893

1895

1897

1905

1906

Polish participation in the ‘Springtime of Nations’; insurrection in Poznania and in Krakow and Lwow; abolition of serfdom in the Austrian Empire Abolition of customs barrier between Russia and ‘Congress’ Poland

Abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire (February); unrest in Warsaw; Marquis Wielopolski appointed head of civilian administration in ‘Congress’ Poland (March); Jews granted equal rights in ‘Congress’ Poland Outbreak of insurrection against Russian rule in Russian Poland (22 January)

Tsar Alexander II grants generous property rights to the Kingdom’s peasants (March); execution of last insurgent leader Romuald Traugutt (5 August)

Introduction of provincial autonomy in Austrian Poland (Galicia)

Compulsory German-language schooling introduced in Prussian Poland

Bismarck’s Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church extends to Prussian Poland

First Marxist society on Polish soil founded by I.udwik Warynski

Bismarck creates a special fund to buy out Polish-owned estates in Prussia

Poles in Prussia found a Land Bank Polish Socialist Party (PPS) founded in Paris (November) Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP) formed by Rosa Luxemburg in Warsaw (July); becomes the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL) in 1900 Polish Peasant Party founded in Rzeszow (August) National Democratic Party (‘Endecja’) founded by Roman Dmowski

Revolution in the Russian Empire (and in Russian Poland); October Manifesto promises liberalization within the Russian Empire

Opening of the First Duma in St Petersburg; Polish Socialist Party splits (November)

Universal male suffrage introduced in Austria Introduction of elected local councils {zemstva) in the western governorships of the Russian Empire Region of Chelm detached from ‘Congress’ Poland and incorporated into the Russian Empire Outbreak of the First World War; Pilsudski’s legions enter Russian Poland with little success (6-9 August); Russian commander-in-chief issues manifesto promising a reunified Poland under the tsar (14 August)

Russian forces expelled from Poland by the Central Powers (August)

1907 1911

T912

1914

1915 T916

1917

1918

Restoration of the Kingdom of Poland by German and Austrian emperors (5 November)

Creation of a Polish army in France (June); Dmowski establishes the Polish National Committee in Paris (ту August); Regency Council created in German-occupied Warsaw (15 October); Lithuanian ‘Taryba’ calls for Lithuanian independence (rx December)