Catherine the Great & Potemkin: The Imperial Love Affair

However, an apologetic Potemkin could not keep away: he reappeared at Tsarskoe Selo on 3 June: ‘I came here wanting to see you because I am bored without you. I saw my arrival embarrassed you…Merciful Lady, I would go through fire for you…If at last I’m determined to be banished from you, it would be better if it did not happen in public. I won’t delay leaving even though it’s like death to me.’ Beneath this passionate declaration, Catherine replied, ‘My friend, your imagination tricks you. I’m glad to see you and not embarrassed by you. But I was irritated by something else which I will tell you another time.’³⁰

Serenissimus lingered at Court. Poor Zavadovsky, now in love with Catherine, and her official companion, disappeared from the Court Journal on the day Potemkin returned: had he fled before the ebullient giant? The diplomats did not notice: as far as they were concerned, it was only a matter of time before Potemkin resigned all his offices. Their expectations appeared to be confirmed when Catherine presented the Prince with a palace of his own: the ‘Anichkov house’, a massive, broken-down palace in St Petersburg that had belonged to Elisabeth’s favourite Alexei Razumovsky. It stood (and still stands) on the Neva, beside the Anichkov Bridge. This suggested that Potemkin was about to vacate his rooms in the imperial places and go ‘travelling’ to the spas of Europe.

In an absolutist monarchy, proximity to the throne was imperative, the sine qua non of power. Potemkin was known to mutter that, if he lost his bed at the Palace, he would lose everything. Catherine constantly reassured her highly strung friend: ‘Batinka, God is my witness, I am not going to drive you out of the Palace. Please live in it and be calm!’³¹ He later moved out of the favourite’s apartment but never left the Winter Palace and never lost his access to Catherine’s boudoir.

They arranged a new residence that perfectly suited their situation. For the rest of his life, his real home was the so-called ‘Shepilev house’, a separate little building, formerly stables, facing on to Millionaya Street, which was linked to the Winter Palace by a gallery over the archway. The Empress and Prince could walk to each other’s rooms along a covered passageway from beside the Palace’s chapel, in privacy and, in Potemkin’s case, without dressing.

Everything was settled. On 23 June, Potemkin set off on an inspection tour of Novgorod. A British diplomat noticed some furniture being removed from his apartments in the Winter Palace. He had fallen and was off to a monastery. But the shrewder courtiers, like Countess Rumiantseva, noticed that his journey was paid for, and serviced, by the Court. He was greeted everywhere with triumphal arches like a member of the imperial family, and that could only be the result of an imperial order.³² They did not know that Catherine sent him a present for his departure, begged him to say goodbye and then wrote a series of affectionate notes to him: ‘We grant you eternal and hereditary possession of the Anichkov house,’ she told Potemkin, plus 100,000 roubles to decorate it. In his two years of favour, the financial figures are impossible to calculate because so often the Empress presented him with cash or presents that are unrecorded – or directly paid off his debts. But he now inhabited an unreal and opulent world in which the Croesian scale of riches was shared only by monarchs: he often received 100,000 roubles from Catherine when a colonel lived on 1,000 roubles a year. The Prince is estimated to have received as many as 37,000 souls, vast estates around Petersburg and Moscow and in Belorussia (the Krichev estate, for example, boasted 14,000 souls), diamonds, dinner services, silver plate and as much as nine million roubles. All this was never enough.³³

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The Prince returned a few weeks later. Catherine welcomed him with a warm note. He moved straight back into his Winter Palace apartments. This confounded his critics: Serenissimus ‘arrived here on Saturday evening and appeared at Court the next day. His returning to the apartments he before occupied in the Palace made many apprehensive of the possibilities of his regaining the favour he had lost.’³⁴ They would have been even more surprised to learn that he was soon correcting Catherine’s letters to Tsarevich Paul in Berlin.