Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

afore|said /əfɔː ^r sed/ ADJ Aforesaid means the same as aforementioned . [FORMAL ] □  …the aforesaid organizations and institutions.

afoul /əfaʊ l/ PHRASE If you run afoul of someone or something, you do something which causes problems with them. [AM ] □  All of them had run afoul of the law at some time or other.

afraid ◆◇◇ /əfre I d/

1 ADJ [v-link ADJ , ADJ to-inf] If you are afraid of someone or afraid to do something, you are frightened because you think that something very unpleasant is going to happen to you. □  She did not seem at all afraid. □ [+ of ] I was afraid of the other boys. □ [+ to ] I'm still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom.

2 ADJ [v-link ADJ ] If you are afraid for someone else, you are worried that something horrible is going to happen to them. □ [+ for ] They were afraid for their own safety.

3 ADJ [v-link ADJ , ADJ that, ADJ to-inf] If you are afraid that something unpleasant will happen, you are worried that it may happen and you want to avoid it. □  I was afraid that nobody would believe me. □ [+ of ] The Government is afraid of losing the election.

4 PHRASE If you want to apologize to someone or to disagree with them in a polite way, you can say I'm afraid . [SPOKEN , POLITENESS ] □  We don't have anything like that, I'm afraid. □  I'm afraid I can't help you. USAGE afraid

Don’t use ‘afraid’ in front of a noun. For example, don’t say ‘ an afraid boy ’. Say ‘a frightened boy’. □  What's the best way to comfort a frightened child ?

afresh /əfre ʃ/ ADV [ADV after v] If you do something afresh , you do it again in a different way. □  They believe that the only hope for the French left is to start afresh.

Af|ri|can /æ fr I kən/ (Africans )

1 ADJ African means belonging or relating to the continent of Africa, or to its countries or people. □  …the African continent. □  …African countries.

2 ADJ African means belonging or relating to black people who come from Africa. □  …traditional African culture. □  …dance music with African roots.

3 ADJ African is used to describe someone, usually a black person, who comes from Africa. □  …African women. ● N‑COUNT An African is someone who is African. □  Fish is a staple in the diet of many Africans.

A frican-Ame rican (African-Americans ) N‑COUNT African-Americans are black people living in the United States who are descended from families that originally came from Africa. □  Today African-Americans are 12 percent of the population. ● ADJ African-American is also an adjective. □  …a group of African-American community leaders.

A frican-Caribbe an (African-Caribbeans ) ADJ [usu ADJ n] African-Caribbean refers to people from the Caribbean whose ancestors came from Africa. □  …modern African-Caribbean culture. ● N‑COUNT An African-Caribbean is someone who is African-Caribbean.

Af|ri|kaans /æ fr I kɑː ns/ N‑UNCOUNT [oft N n] Afrikaans is one of the official languages of South Africa.

Af|ri|kan|er /æ fr I kɑː nə ^r / (Afrikaners ) ADJ Afrikaner means belonging or relating to the white people in South Africa whose ancestors were Dutch. ● N‑COUNT An Afrikaner is someone who is Afrikaner.

Afro /æ froʊ/ (Afros )

1 ADJ Afro hair is very tightly curled and sticks out all around your head.

2 N‑COUNT An Afro is an Afro hairstyle.

Afro- /æ froʊ-/ COMB Afro- is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe something that is connected with Africa. □  …very well known Afro-American family. □  …an Afro-centric fashion show.

A fro-Caribbe an (Afro-Caribbeans ) ADJ Afro-Caribbean refers to people from the Caribbean whose ancestors came from Africa. □  …Britain's Afro-Caribbean community. ● N‑COUNT An Afro-Caribbean is someone who is Afro-Caribbean.