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listed country of origin because there is no central authority in that country

to issue documents.

Why we are doing it:

To allow genuine refugees to be processed faster so that their lives are not

put in limbo while they wait for decisions crucial to their future.

To provide a fair opportunity to correct errors in law or fact in the first

instance, and to increase the integrity of the decision-making process.

Front-end Security Screening

What it is:

A security check initiated when a person makes a refugee claim.

Why we are doing it:

To catch criminals and people who present security risks at the start of the

process and speed genuine refugees through the system. Currently, a

security screening is carried out only once a person is granted refugee

status by the IRB.

Admissibility Hearing

What it is:

A hearing before an independent adjudicator to decide whether a person is

admissible to Canada.

Why we are doing it:

To make fair but fast decisions on security cases.

Pre-removal Risk Assessment

What we are doing:

Legislating a procedure to fairly assess the risk of return prior to removal.

There will be flexibility for an oral hearing should the complexity of the case

require it.

Repeat claimants, failed refugee claimants, and refugees who have

withdrawn or abandoned their claims will be assessed on the grounds of the

Geneva Convention, the United Nations Convention against Torture, and the

risk of cruel or unusual treatment or punishment.

People found to be inadmissible to Canada for reasons of serious

criminality, security, organized crime or violations of human rights will be

assessed on the grounds of the United Nations Convention against Torture

and the risk of cruel or unusual treatment or punishment.

Why we are doing it:

To ensure that there is a fair and effective procedure for assessing the risk

of return for individuals being removed from Canada.

Strengthening Enforcement

Penalties

What we are doing:

Increasing penalties for existing offences.

Creating a new offence for human trafficking.

Extending Criminal Code counterfeiting provisions (which currently apply

only to passports) to cover any immigration document or travel document

(with an exemption for refugees).

Allowing for the seizure of assets in cases of migrant smuggling and

trafficking.

Providing new authority to seize citizenship documents to prevent fraud.

Creating a new offence for people who counsel a person to misrepresent

himself or herself or to commit an offence under the Act.

Creating a new offence for the possession and laundering of proceeds from

immigration offences.

Raising the penalty to life in prison for migrant smuggling and trafficking.

Why we are doing it:

To ensure that we have the tools we need to combat organized crime and

human trafficking.

Exclusion from the Refugee Determination System

What we are doing:

Barring access to serious criminals, people who present security risks,

organizers of criminal operations, or violators of human rights. A "serious

criminal" is defined as someone who was convicted of an offence punishable

by 10 years or more and who has received a sentence of 2 years or more in

Canada. People convicted of an offence punishable by 10 years or more

outside Canada will only be excluded if the Minister finds them to be a

danger to the public.

Why we are doing it:

To prevent abuse of the refugee protection system.

Eliminating Appeals

What we are doing:

Eliminating appeals to the Immigration Appeal Division for serious criminals,

people who present security risks, members of criminal organizations and

war criminals. There will remain recourse to judicial review with leave by the

Federal Court.

Why we are doing it:

To ensure that we can remove serious criminals and people who pose a

security threat to Canada without delay.

Suspension of a Refugee Claim

What it is:

The ability to suspend a person's application for protection before the IRB if

he or she has been charged with a crime. The claim would be suspended

until the courts have rendered a decision on the case.

Why we are doing it:

To prevent abuse of the system by people who come to Canada not

because they need protection but because they intend to engage in crime.

Repeat Claims

What we are doing:

Extending the period after which a new claim can be made from 90 days to

six months.

Why we are doing it:

To avoid "revolving door" situations where failed refugee claimants return to

Canada and make multiple claims.

Detention and Day Parole

What we are doing:

Excluding incarcerated foreign criminals under removal order from day

parole.

Why we are doing it:

It is inconsistent to integrate individuals into Canadian society who are to be

deported on completion of their sentence.

Streamlined Security Certificate Process

What we are doing:

Applying to permanent residents the security certificate process that

currently applies only to non-permanent residents. The process requires the

signatures of two ministers to the effect that the person is inadmissible on

grounds of security, and a review of the certificate by a Federal Court judge.

Why we are doing it: