Ido for All

==== Intermediate Lessons (13 - 20) =========================================== **** Lesson 13 - Dek-e-triesma Leciono **************************************** THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN :---------------------------------------------------- (this, these; that, those) is 'ita', shortened to 'ta', where euphony permits: Kad ita esas vua libro? - Is this your book? Ta libri esas mea. - Those books are mine. When quite necessary to distinguish between "this" and "that" use ica (or ca) for this, and ita (or ta) for that: Ica esas bona, ita esas mala. - This one is good, that one is bad. When it means "this thing", "that thing", use 'to' (or 'ito', 'co', 'ico'): Quo esas to? - What is this? Ico esas libro, ito esas plumo. This (thing) is a book, that (thing) is a pen. "That which", "what" is translated as 'to quo' when used in the most general sense of "that thing or matter which". When some definite thing is referred to, use 'ta qua', "the one that", (plural: 'ti qui'). To quon me dicas esas... - What I say is ... Yen omnaspeca frukti, prenez ti quin vu preferas. - Here are all kinds of fruit, take those you like best. When distinction of gender is necessary, il-, el-, ol- may be prefixed to these or any other pronouns, except naturally the personal pronouns themselves: Ilti facis olu ed elti regardis, Those (men) did it, and these (women) looked on. La matro di mea amiko, elqua... - My friend's mother, who... La matro di mea amiko, ilqua... - The mother of my friend, who... Exempli:----------------------------------------------------------------------- They had two daughters who became nurses. Li havis du filiini qui divenis flegistini. (Onu ne savas quanta filiinin li havis.) They had two daughters, who became nurses. Li havis du filiini ed eli divenis flegistini. (Onu savas ke li havis nur du filiini.) I like Mary, who is kind. - Me prizas Mary, nam elu esas benigna. Onu ne darfas dicar ke 'me prizas Mary qua esas benigna', nam (for) onu devus imaginar altra Mary qua ne esas benigna. Who would you like to be in this drama? -> grammatically -> Who would you like (him/her/yourself) to be in this drama? Quan vu prizus ke vu esez en ca dramato? (yourself) Quan vu prizus kom aktoro en ca dramato? (anybody) Quan vu prizus vidar en ca dramato? (him/her) Who do you think will be the next President of the United States? Quan vu opinionas kom la nexta Prezidanto di USA? It is hard to determine whom we will vote for in the next election. Es nefacila determinar ta por qua ni votos en la venonta elekto. It is hard to say who the members will decide is responsible for the job. Es nefacila dicar ta, quan la membri decidos, qua responsos pri la laboro. It is the man who I believe robbed the First National Bank. Lu esas, segun mea kredo, la viro qua furtis la Unesma Nacionala Banko. An executive of a large soap company who we understand did not wish to be quoted, announced a 50 percent rise in soap prices. Administrero de granda kompanio di sapono, (*ilu) ne dezirante citesar segun nia savo, anuncis preco-augmento di 50 procento pri sapono. *ilu can be either included or excluded according to your taste. POSSESSIVE:- Revizo ----------------------------------------------------------- Instead of whose, Ido uses of whom, of which, 'di qua': La autoro, pri la libro di qua me parolis. - The author whose book I spoke of (literally, the author concerning the book of whom I spoke). The pronoun 'lo', just like 'co', 'to', 'quo', refers to an indeterminate object - to a fact rather than a thing: Prenez ica pomo, me volas lo. Take this apple, I desire it. = I desire you to do so; 'me volas ol' would mean 'I desire it (the apple)'. Of course you can also say ... Prenez ica pomo, me volas "to". Take this apple, I desire "it". = I desire you to do so; but in a peculiar situation when there are two apples... Prenez ica pomo, me volas to... would mean.. (^_^) You take "this" apple, 'cause I wanna take "that" one. 'Lo' is also used with adjectives to mark the indeterminate sense: Lo bona, lo vera, lo bela, cf. lo bueno in Spanish The Good, the True, the Beautiful. While in "lo bueno" in Spanish, oddly enough "lo" is an article, "lo" in Ido remains a pronoun. "lo bona" means the situation which is good, "lo quo esas/es bona", or an ideterminate object which is essentially good. AFFIXES:---------------------------------------------------------------------- para- (warding off): parasuno - parasol parapluvo - umbrella paravento - wind-screen, windshield (US) par- (completion of action): parlektar - to peruse/ read through pardrinkar - to drink up parkurar - to make the circuit of parlernar - to learn thoroughly -esk- (beginning of action): dormeskar - to fall asleep iraceskar - to grow angry sideskar - to sit down With noun roots, -esk means to become, to turn: vireskar - to become a man Sometimes with adjectives: paleskar - to grow pale When added to the passive participle of a transitive verb, it has the same sense (to become): vidateskar - to become visible -ad- (repetition, frequency): dansar - to dance; danso - a dance; dansado - dancing. -ig- (with a verbal root, means "to cause to"): dormigar - to send to sleep; with a non-verbal root, it means "to make, cause to be (such and such)": beligar - to make beautiful, to beautify. With transitive verbs, this has a passive sense (=igar -ata), usually followed by the preposition 'da'. The use of -igar with 'da' is in many cases somewhat difficult for English speakers. We recommend the more direct constructions: e.g. Me igas la spozino sendar mea letri... instead of "Me sendigas mea letri da la spozino." Me igas vu atencar ulo... instead of "Me atencigas ulo da vu." Me igas vu vidar ulo... instead of "Me vidigas ulo da vu." There is usually, however, a straightforward English equivalent for this construction: "to have _ done (by -)": Me sendigas mea letri da LA spozino. = I have my letter sent by MY wife. When in Ido the relationship is apparent, we use the definite article. -iz- (to cover, supply, provide with): armizar - to arm (provide with weapons) limitizar - to limit (fix a limit to) adresizar - to address (write address on) When necessary, the sense "coat, cover with" may be rendered clearer by prefixing sur (= on): surorizar - to gild/ plate with gold -if- (to produce, generate, secrete): florifar - to blossom sudorifar - to perspire sangifar - to bleed/ lose blood CONVERSATION:----------------------------------------------------------------- I want to pack this up. - Me volas pakigar ico. Give me some brown paper. - Donez a me pak-papero. I want some string. - Me bezonas kordeto. Have you any sealing wax? - Kad vu havas siglovaxo? I can give you some paste. - Me povas donar a vu gluo. That will do. - To konvenos. Where is the pastebottle? - Ube esas la botelo de gluo? Here it is. - Yen olu. There is no brush in it. - Ne esas pinselo en ol. Here is the brush. - Yen la pinselo. Now I want a label. - Nun me deziras etiketo. A gummed label. - Gumizita etiketo I haven't a gummed one. - Me ne havas un gumizita. Will this one do? - Kad ica konvenos? Yes, thanks. - Yes, danko. JASPER PAROLAS:--- kontoro - bureau ------------------------------------------ "Saluto! Me nomesas Jasper. Me habitas en Rotterdam, e me laboras en Leiden. Me habitas en mikra, moderna domo. Me laboras en granda, anciena kontoro. Me prizas vino e muziko. Me adoras bela mulieri, specale se li esas anke richa. Me havas nova automobilo. Olu esas mikra, reda e rapida. Mea familio esas sat granda. Me ipsa esas celiba (unmarried). Me havas du fratini. Li nomesas Mieke ed Anja. Anja esas mariajita. Me havas un fratulo. Ilu nomesas Bert. Bert laboras en Zaandam. Me anke havas matro. Mea matro esas richa. Elu havas multa pekunio. Me ipsa esas ofte povra. Me ofte havas nula pekunio. Me ne havas patro. Ilu esas mortinta. Me iras nun. Til rivido!" De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo 06:---------------------------------------- L'infanto ploras. L'advokato (barrister) pledis (pleaded) por l'akuzato. On vidas per l'okuli, ed on audas per l'oreli. To esas/es tre bon okaziono. Il ne havas mult amiki. Me amas ta jentil infanti. Januaro esas/es l'unesma monato dil yaro. Li venas del (=de+la) vilajo ed iras al(a+la) urbo. La stranjeri duktesas dal (=da+la) duktisto (conductor). "Hike mea onklulo sendas a me cent franki ed ilu skribas: Til rivido! Ka to koncernas me o la pekunio?" Instruktisto a dicipulo: "To esas skeleto di mamifero, di qua mamifero olu esas?" Dicipulo: "Di mortinta bestio." (skeleto - skeleton mamifero - mammal) Profesoro: "Ka vu povas dicar a me quo eventas kun barometro, se ni sidas kun olu en aerostato (balloon), e se ni acensas an/ad cirkume du kilometri en la aero" Kandidato: "La barometro venas kun ni." De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo 07:----------------------------------------- Bela, plu bela, maxim bela. Bona, plu bona, maxim bona. Facila, min facila, minim facila. Kurta, min kurta, minim kurta. Vu esas/es plu richa kam elu. Ilu esas/es la maxim laborema (hard-working) de omni. Ica persono esas/es min inteligenta kam fiera (proud). Lu esas nur stulta (silly). Li facas minim posibla bruiso (noise). Ube vu esis hiere? Hiere me facis bel exkurso (excursion) kun mea amiko. Ka tu ja respondis ad il? No, ne ja, ma me intencas skribar ad ilu balde. Spozino: "Ube tu restis dum tante longa tempo hiere vespere?" Spozulo: "Che mea bon amiko." Spozino: "Ed ube restis tua bon amiko?" Spozulo: "En la taverno (tavern, bar)." Viro renkontris konocato e dicis ad ilu: "Hiere me vidis nia amiko Karlo, me preske ne'plus konocis ilu. Vu es magra, ed anke me es magra, ma ilu es plu magra kam ni du kune." XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX I tried to send her flowers. Me probis sendar flori ad elu. I tried sending her flowers. Me probis sendir flori ad elu. He never swam alone. He was afraid of getting cramps. Ilu jame natis sole. Ilu timis ganor krampo. He was afraid to dive into the sea. So he didn't dive. Ilu timis plunjar aden la maro. Ilu do ne plunjis. I wil always remember meeting you for the first time. Me sempre memoros renkontir vu yel unesma foyo. Remember to write to him, woun't you? Memorez skribor letro ad ilu, ka No? -- How to use "mustar" -------------------------------------------------------- Me mustis irar -- I had to go. Me mustos irar -- I will have to go. I am not obliged to go now. Me mustus irar -- I would have to go. In fact I don't expect to go there now. Me mustas irar -- I have to go now. Me mustas irir -- I should have gone then. I still have that fact in my head. Me mustas iror -- I am (now) obliged to go (there) in the future. Me mustas irur -- I have the obligation to go in case I am asked to do that. **** Lesson 14 - Dek-e-quaresma Leciono *************************************** NUMERALS: - Revizo ------------------------------------------------------------ The cardinal numbers are: un 1, du 2, tri 3, quar 4, kin 5, sis 6, sep 7, ok 8, non 9, dek 10 cent 100, mil 1000, milion 1,000,000, bilion 1,000,000,000,000. And in USA billion is 1,000,000,000 but we recommend you to use the European system. Now that the American Banking System has won the hegemony over Europe, so the American system is likely to gain ground even in Ido. The stress position of milion [MI-lyon] and bilion [BI-lyon] are the same as English million [MIHL-yuhn] and billion [BIHL-yuhn]. cf. miliono [mi-li-O-no] and biliono [bi-li-O-no] in Esperanto From these all others are formed, the adjectival -a being used to show multiplication and the conjunction 'e' to show addition. Thus: dek e un - 11 (ten plus one) dek e du - 12 (ten plus two) dek e sis - 16 (ten plus six) dek e non - 19 (ten plus nine) duadek - 20 (twice ten) duadek e un - 21 (twice ten plus one) triadek e quar - 34 quaradek e kin - 45 kinadek e sis - 56 cent e sepadek e ok - 178 mil e sisadek e sis - 1066 mil e nonacent e duadek e tri - 1923 As in English, numbers may be given out, e.g., when dictating, by naming the digits only. The name of the digit 0 is 'zero'. The last two numbers given would then be: 1066 - un zero sis sis, 1923 - un non du tri Ordinals are formed by the suffix -esm: unesma - 1st duesma - 2nd triesma - 3rd dekesma - 10th dekeduesma - 12th centesma - 100th milesma - 1000th omna duesma dio - every second day Cardinals and ordinals can be used as nouns or adverbs by adding '-o' or '-e': uno - a unit duo - a couple trio - a trio dekeduo - a dozen unesmo - the first one une - in one manner unesme - firstly dekesmo - the tenth Note the stress shift in the following two forms: miliono [mi-li-O-no] - million biliono [bi-li-O-no] - billion Fractions are formed by the suffix -im: duimo - a half quarimo - a quarter dekimo - a tenth part centimo - a hundredth du triimi - two-thirds sep okimi - seven-eighths Multiples are formed by the suffix -opl: duopla - double centopla - hundredfold multopla - manifold Distributives are formed by the suffix -op: quarope - in fours/ four at a time pokope - little by little vortope - word for word The word 'times' in counting is translated foye: unfoye - once dufoye - twice trifoye - three times centfoye - a hundred times When used as prefixes the numbers have special forms (except 3): mono-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqua-, sexa-, septua-, okto-, nona-: mono-plano (monoplane) bi-plano (biplane) tri-folio (trefoil) quadri-pedo (quadruped) etc. What number in a series?, How manyeth? --------------------------------------- It is rather difficult to translate the following Ido sentences into English. We would like to ask you to try it yourself. (^_^) Quantesma persono de la dextra extremajo en la pikturo esas vua amoratino? Sinistra extremajo -> X X X X X X X X X X A X X X <- Dextra extremajo El esas la quaresma persono de la dextra extremajo. Elu esas Sarah. Me prenos kelkESMa specimeni por inspektar la qualeso di ica fabrikerio. PARTICIPLES:------------------------------------------------------------------- The present active participle ends in -anta: vidanta - seeing. The past passive participle ends in -ita: vidita - seen. These are the two chiefly needed; there are six altogether, the vowels -a-, -i-, -o- being used exactly as in the indicative and infinitive to form a present, a past, and a future participle, both in the active and in the passive. This gives us the complete set: present: vidanta - seeing (act.) vidata - being seen (pass.) past: vidinta - having seen (act.) vidita - seen (pass.) future: vidonta - about to see (act.) vidota - about to be seen (pass.) CONVERSATION:------------------------------------------------------------------ How old are you? - Quante vu evas? I am ten (years old). - Me evas dek (yari). She was thirty (years old). - Elu evis triadek. When I was seven. - Kande me evis sep. He is aged (elderly). - Ilu esas evoza (grandeva). The aged gentleman. - La evoza siorulo. I am forty years of age. - Mea evo esas quaradek yari. The baby was five months old. - La infanteto evis kin monati. SANNE SERCHAS OFICO:----------------------------------------------------------- Chefo: Bon-jorno, damzelo, sideskez! Sanne: Danko, sioro. Chefo: Bone. Quale vu nomesas? Sanne: Me nomesas Sanne Jansen. Chefo: Ed ube vu habitas, damzelo Jansen? Quo esas vua adreso? Sanne: Me habitas ye Vermeer-strado numero 12 (dek-e-du), Amsterdam. Chefo: Ka vu naskis en Amsterdam? Sanne: No. Me naskis en Alkmaar. Chefo: Hm. Quante vu evas, damzelo Jansen? Sanne: Me evas dek e non yari. Chefo: Por ca ofico, on bezonas bona generala savo. Ka vu havas interesi o hobii? Sanne: Me koquas. Specale Italiana manjaji. Me ludas teniso, e me ofte natas en la maro. Chefo: Ka vu prizas muziko? Forsan vu mem pleas muzikala instrumento? Sanne: Yes, me havas gitaro. Ma me ne pleas olu tre bone. Chefo: Ka vu savas stranjera lingui? Sanne: Yes, me parolas kelkete la Hispana. Me anke parolas Ido. Chefo: Me ne savas multo pri Ido. Dicez a me pri ol... De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo08:------------------------------------------ Maxim bone on lernas linguo, se on lektas olu laute tam ofte kam posible. Matine me levas me sempre tre frue. Ofte ilu kushas su vespere tre tarde. Quale standas la malad infanti? Me ne savas, regretinde me ne ja povis vizitar li. Multa homi parolas bone, ma agas male. Ne omna bel uceli kantas bele. Ni volas restar kune ankore dum kelka tempo. Ka vi ne volas kelke repozar, vi certe esas/es fatigita (tired). Ni dankas pro la jentil invito, ma ni prefere volas marchar por balde arivar adheme. "Ka ne esas tre interesanta", dicis recente drinkero, "ke intence me drinkas nur blanka vino, e tamen mea nazo divenas sempre plu reda?" Kande la profesoro esas/es maxim distraktita (distracted)? Kande lu pozas sua shui aden la lito, ma kushas su ipsa avan la pordo, e remarkas l'eroro erste ye la sequanta matino, kande la servisto komencas brosar e cirajizar (black/polish) lu. De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo 09:----------------------------------------- Quante esas/es duadek-e-tri plus non? 23 + 9 = ? Duadek-e-tri plus non esas/es triadek-e-du. 23 + 9 = 32 Quante esas/es cent minus quaradek-e-quar? 100 - 44 = ? Cent minus quaradek-e-quar esas/es kinadek-e-sis. 100 - 44 = 56 Un yaro havas triacent e sisadek-e-kin dii. 365 dii Un dio konsistas ek un jorno ed un nokto. La unesma dio dil semano esas/es sundio, la duesma esas/es lundio, l'altra dii esas mardio, merkurdio, jovdio, venerdio e saturdio. Un duimo ed un quarimo esas/es tri quarimi. 1/2 + 1/4 = 3/4 Vu debas a me dek franki e sepadek centimi. 10 franki + 70 centimi Triople tri esas/es non. 3 x 3 = 9 Quante esas/es nonople kin? Nonople kin esas/es quaradek-e-kin. 9 x 5 = 45 Nokte la policisti marchas duope. Ka vu povas dicar a me qua kloki esas? Es nun precize tri kloki duadek. Me levas me omnadie ye kin kloki e duimo. Me manjas ye sis kloki e me komencas laborar ye sis kloki e duimo. - "Mea unesma malado konsultis me cadie",, dicis la yuna mediko. - "Me gratulas", dicis la olda mediko, "ppro qua maladeso lu sufris?" - "Me vere povis trovar nul indiko (indiccation) di maladeso." - "Ka vu dicis to a lu?" - "Yes, certe." - "Vu ne ja lernis sat muulte por esar mediko." De certena lektolibro ---- Lektajo 10:----------------------------------------- El departos morge. Kande tu pagos tua debi (debts)? Me pagos li tam balde kam [ke lo] esos a me, posibla. Ni montros a vi, omna (all) nia nova vari (wares). Ni montros a vi omnu (each one of you), nia nova vari (wares). Se me ne venos morge, lore me venos posmorge. Ka vu akompanos me til la staciono? Yes, me akompanos vu tre volunte. A: "Vu certe perdos vua stomako-dolori, se vu drinkos omnadie de mea nova vino." B: "Me ja probis ol, ma me preferas mea stomako-dolori." (vehar - to go about in any sort of vehicle: ride, drive, sail.) Filologo vehis per batelo e questionis la batelisto: "Ka vu savas la gramatiko?" - "No", respondis la batelisto. La filologo replikis (replied): "La duimo di tua vivo esas/es perdita." Balde la batelo forte tremeskis pro komencanta tempesto. "Ka vu savas natar?" nun dicis la batelisto. "No", konfesis la filologo. "Takaze vua tota vivo esos perdita", esis la respondo dil batelisto. Du amiki iris pede a la chefurbo. Arivinte vespere aden mikra vilajo, li questionis quante ankore distas la chefurbo. Duadek kilometri, on dicis a li. "To esas/es tro multe.", dicis l'unu, "Ni volas restar hike dum la nokto, e ni duros nia voyajo morge." Ma l'altru respondis: "Ni povos ankore tre bone irar til ibe, to ya esos nur dek kilometri por singlu de ni." XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ====================================================================== Sro Thomas SCHMIDT: Me savas la pro-quo quon mem DeBeaufront ne savis. ====================================================================== De: "valodnieks" Ye: Thu Jan 14, 2010 2:00 am Pri: Questiono pri nombri Che: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/idolerneyo/ > Kara Idisti! > Me trovis en la Ido literaturo du diversa formi por la nombri. > Qua formo esas korekta od esas amba formi korekta? > 31 triadek-ed-un / triadek-e-un > 78 sepadek-ed-ok / sepadek-e-ok > Kad esas necesa chanjar "e" en "ed" avan vokali en la nombri? Til > nun me pensis ke on ne chanjas oli, ma nun me vidis texto kun tala > chanji! Kordiala saluti, Thomas Schmidt La nombri "un" ed "oku" hazarde esas specala vorti en Ido. Ma pro quo? Tamen me savas la pro-quo quon Markzo Louis de BEAUFRONT ne savis.( Kande vu e me dicas "Was ist das?", ni pronuncas quale [vas-'ist-das], dum ke tre multa ne-Germani pronuncas quale [va-sist-das], ka No? ^_^; Pro ke en la Germana existas "der stimmlose glottale Plosiv [']" quale en la Araba existas hamza-sono [']. Anke en la Franca patuazo trovesas kelke simila sono "le h aspire'". Dum ke onu povas skribar l'habitude, onu ne darfas skribar "l'hanetton" ma koaktesas skribar "le hanetton". Yes, la nombri "un" ed "oku" fakte havas "hamza-sono" o "le h aspire'" o ['] kande onu kontas. Do triadek-e-[']un e sepadek-e-[']ok. Capisci? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Sincere vua, Bebson HOCHFELD, Stradivari'isto sur la tekto ..... Ido-Kurso.: http://www.geocities.jp/hochfeld/ IdoLerneyo: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/idolerneyo/ ********************************************************************** People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf. (George Orwell 1903-1950) Populo dormas pacoze en sua lito dum la nokto nur pro ke feroca viri stacas pronta violentar en la nomo di defenso por la pacozi. (ORWELL) Pacifisti renuncas violento pro ke lin gardante, uli altra olun uzas. ********************************************************************** Kara sinioro Bebson. Me dankas pro la respondo. Ka vu konsentas kun la linguala nociono "regresiva asimilado" por ica "fenomeno"? ********************************************************************** Sie haben recht gesagt. Kande en bruisoza cirkonstanco, onu devas pronuncar singla nombri per kelka exajero: un du tri quar kin sis sep ok non dek Askoltez vua propra pronunco pri ca nombri. Ka vu remarkas ke vu exajeras la kapal konsonanti plu kam la ordinara konsonanti? Exemple ... kkin kontre kiso, ssep kontre senso edc. Ma pri un ed ok? Kompreneble 'un e 'ok, ' indikas la emfazo. Do ... 'un du tri quar kin sis sep 'ok non dek