Ido for All

============================================================================== "-IDO FOR ALL-" by Niklas ApGawain + P.D. Hugon + J.L. Moore + L. de Beaufront revised by an Idiotist (B.Y.T) with material from various sources, revizita/ ata/ota da zeloza Idisti per materii de diversa fonti, ed fakte ja tradukita da li "tote libere" aden kelka sua lingui "segun sua maniero por sua skopi". Lo signifikas ke onu darfas tote libere uzar "Ido For All" por sua skopo segun sua maniero, tradukante la libro aden sua propra linguo pro ke olim Sro Niklas ApGawain per sua grand'anmo permisis me tale ke anke me volas kondutar simile. == Revizuri ================================================================== 1.0 / 1999-07-26 : 1.1 / 1999-08-03 : 1.2 / 2000-02-29 : 1.3 / 2000-05-10 1.4 / Ups! (Oops!) Pardonez me. 2005-02-13 / .... 2.0 / 2009-06- ============================================================================== Just as the Tanakh is a composition of two major sources, this course is also a mixture of two different books by Niklas ApGawain and P.D. Hugon+J.L. Moore+ L. de Beaufront. Moreover this "IDO FOR ALL" contains small materials gathered from various places by a couple of Idists. ============================================================================== ==== Elementary Lessons (00 - 12) ======================================== **** Lesson 00 - Zeresma Leciono ********************************************** The Alphabet (corrected by Mr. Gilberto KOSTA 2008/11/28) -------------------- Ido uses all the 26 letters and two consonant groups found in the English alphabet. There are no silent letters. Every letter must be pronounced even when double letters are found. Each letter has its own particular sound value which distinguishes it from all others. The Consonants:-(corrected by Mr. Gilberto KOSTA 2008/11/28) ----------------- These have exactly the same pronounciation as in English: b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, t, v, w, z The other consonants are as follows: c - as 'ts' in bits, never as in English: ca (=tsa). g - always as 'g' in get, never as 'g' in gin. h - always sounded: honoro - honour. j - as in French, i.e. like the 's' in pleasure. r - rolled if possible, but in any case always pronounced, even in such words as portar [porr-TARR]. s - as 's' in soft, never a 'z' sound as in fuse. x - as English x [ks, gz], except that the Ido x never has the 'z' sound found in English xylophone, but retains the 'ks' or 'gz' sound even at the beginning of words: xilofono [ksi-lo-FO-no]. y - this is a consonant as in yellow, and is never a vowel. qu - as 'qu' in queen [kwi:n] ch - as 'ch' in chat, never as 'ch' in machine. sh - as 'sh' in sheet' The Consonants:--(Also out of US-version of Jerry MUELVER's Ido For All ------- Most consonants have exactly the same pronunciation as in English: b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, t, v, w, z, qu, sh. The other consonants are revised in Ido as follows: c - as "ts" in bits (Ido "ca" is pronounced "tsa"), never as in the English "k" or "s" sounds used for "c". g - always as the hard "g" in get, never as the soft "g" in "gin". h - always sounded, honoro [ho-NOR-o] Ў¦never silent as it is sometimes in English:honor [ON-er]. j - voiced "s" as in French, i.e. like the "s" in "pleasure". r - rolled (tongue-flick) if possible, but in any case always pronounced, even in such words as portar [porr-TARR]. s - as "s" in (English) "soft", never a voiced "z" sound as in (English) "fuse" [fyooz]. x - as English "x" [ks, gz], except that the Ido "x" never has the "z" sound found in English "xylophone", but retains the "ks" or "gz" sound even at the beginning of words: xilofono [ksi-lo-FO-no]. y - this is a consonant as in "yellow", and is never a vowel. ch - as "ch" in "chat", never as the "ch" in "machine". The Vowels:-------------------------------------------------------------------- These have approximately the following sounds (but see notes below): a - as 'a' in father. e - as 'e' in then. i - as 'i' in machine, an 'ee' sound. o - as 'o' in glory. u - as 'u' in rude, an 'oo' sound. -- Important Notes -- 1) There is room for a little variation in the length of the vowel sound, but it should not be too long or too short. 2) 'a'. Avoid making the 'ah' sound too long, so that it becomes 'aah' or even worse 'aahr'. 3) Never pronounce 'e' as in English 'meter'. Avoid adding a 'y' or 'ee' sound to the Ido 'e' so that it sounds like the 'ay' in English 'way'. 4) Avoid too much of an 'eey' sound to the Ido 'i'. Never pronounce 'i' as in the English word 'white', so be careful how you say such Ido words as 'mikra'. 5) Avoid adding an 'oo' or 'w' sound to the Ido 'o', as is the case with English 'no' which rhymes with 'know'. 6) Never pronounce 'u' as in the English words 'use' or 'universal', i.e. a 'yoo' sound instead of 'oo'. So be careful with words like 'uzata' and 'universala'. 7) Always say each vowel clearly. Never give a vowel the obscure 'uh' sound that is found in many English words, e.g. the 'a' in 'across', the 'e' in 'begin', or the 'o' and 'u' in 'button'. Diphthongs:-------------------------------------------------------------------- A diphthong is a vowel sound resulting from two vowel sounds combining. In Ido there are two simple diphthongs: au - a(ah) + u(oo) giving the 'ow' sound found in English 'now'. It is never pronounced as English 'au' in 'Paul'. eu - e(eh) + u(oo). This is an 'eh-oo' sound which does not exist in standard English. 'eu' is never a 'yoo' sound as in English 'neutral'. /Note/ 'u' before a vowel will tend to become like 'w', e.g. linguo [LIN-gwo]. 'i' before a vowel will tend to bceome like 'y', e.g. pekunio [pe-KU-nyo]. All other vowel should be said separately: 'ai' is 'a-i' and 'ae' is 'a-e', etc, (not the English sounds remember). Accentuation:------------------------------------------------------------------ All English words have at least one syllable which is stressed more than the others: but'ter, intel'ligent, e'lephant, begin'. You will see from this that in English there is no obvious rule about where the stress occurs in a word. It could be in any syllable. In Ido there is a simple rule with only one exception. <<<<< The stress always falls on the last syllable but one. >>>>> : hun'do, ka'to, lin'guo, fami'lio [fa-MI-lyo], akade'mio [a-ka-DE-myo]. But the accentuation is on the last syllable in the case of verb infinitives (recognisable by their -ar, -or, -ir endings) for clarity in speech: pozar', drinkar', drinkor', drinkir', donar', donor', donir'. - Examples MP3 - amar', kredir', finor', ama'ta, kredi'ta, fino'ta, espere'ble, facin'da, jo'yo, boa'o, muze'o, hero'o, di'o, du'o, fo'lio [FO-lyo], li'lio [LI-lyo], men'tio [MEN-tyo], Ita'lia [i-TA-lya] a'quo [A-qwo], lin'guo [LIN-gwo], por'tuo [PORR-two], re'vuo [RE-vwo] Pronunciation Exercise MP3: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ka vu ja ler'nas la no'va lin'guo internacio'na? ka vu ja LERR-nas la NO-va LIN-gwo in-terr-na-ci-O-na Me komen'cis studiar' olu an'te kel'ka di'i, me ko-MEN-cis stu-DYARR O-lu AN-te KEL-ka DI-i e me tro'vas ke olu es'as ve're tre faci'la. e me TRO-vas ke O-lu ES-as VE-re tre fa-CI-la Om'na-di'e me lek'tas tex'to dum un ho'ro; OM-na-DI-e me LEK-tas TEX-to dum un HO-ro me sem'pre lekt'tas lau'te. me SEM-pre LEK-tas LAW-te [LAw-te, never laU-te!, au being a diphthong.] Ka vu kompre'nas to? ka vu kom-PRE-nas to The names of the letters in Ido-alphabet are:---------------------------------- a be ce de e fe ge he i je ke le me ne o pe que re se te u ve we xe ye ze Now let's begin. MP3 --- Never too old to learn and never too young to learn ------- In this book you haven't got to do any obligatory 'exercises with the key'. That is the way when you learn mathematics with numerous and boring exercises. You can't learn a language really effectively enough in the same manner. <<< Por ke ni povez balde parolar Ido, oportas ke ni tre ofte lektez laute.>>> Please read aloud every Ido sentence in a lesson as many times as possible. And one lesson a day is quite enough for mastering this beautiful language. Reading aloud as often as you can is the royal road to learning a new language, as proved by German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann (1822-90). << Maxim bone onu lernas linguo, se onu lektas olu laute tam ofte kam posibla.>> XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The practical names of the letters in Ido-alphabet are: MP3 ------------------- A B C Ch D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Sh T U V W X Y Z a be ce che de e ef ge hash i je ke el em en o pe que ere es she te u ev we exe ye and ze Some Europeans cannot distinguish between b/v, v/w, s/z and s/sh. And the descendants of the Roman Empire do not pronounce 'h' very well. H is a 'hush' sign for the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French etc. In addition, the Japanese are deaf to the differences between b/v and l/r. So it is convenient to use be/ev, ev/we, el/ere, es/ze, es/sho and hash. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Heinrich Schliemann (1822-90): Schliemann might have stayed in that position for life if he hadn't discovered his knack of learning languages. He taught himself English, Dutch and French. Later he learned Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. The knowledge of these languages enabled him to find a good position in an import/export firm. He learned Russian and moved to the company's branch office in St. Petersburg in 1846. While there he increased this employer's business while making a small fortune for himself trading in indigo dye. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **** Lesson 01 - Unesma Leciono *********************************************** Nouns:------------------------------------------------------------------------- The word 'noun' literally means a 'name'. It refers to any thing that you can actually see, hear, touch, or put a name to: table, chair, man, cat. In Ido you will quickly recognise which words are nouns, because they all end with the letter -o: kato (cat), hundo (dog), tablo (table). The Indefinite Article:-------------------------------------------------------- The English language uses two little words 'a' and 'an', which do not exist in Ido. In Ido it is enough to say 'ovo' for egg or 'an' egg; 'tablo' for table or 'a' table and so on. You will soon see that it is not necessary to have an indefinite article, and that no confusion ever arises. The Definite Article:---------------------------------------------------------- The definite article (the) is 'la': matro - a mother; la matro - the mother Es:---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Ido word 'esas/es' is roughly the English word 'is', but be careful as it can also be translated as 'am' or 'are'. For simplicity, what we say in Ido is the equivalent of: I is, You is, he/she/it is, we is, they is, and so on. /Notes/ 'Es' is a short form of 'esas', Though 'es' is more convenient, 'esas' is just as common. The learner may suit himself which form of the word he uses. Learn the following words by heart:-------------------------------------------- buxo - box, domo -house, gardeno - garden, hundo - dog, kato - cat, muso - mouse, tablo - table, esas/es - is/am/are, me - I/me, vu - you, yuno - teenager/ a youth, yunulo - boy, yunino - girl, en - in, sub - under, sur - on, la - the Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mary is a girl.- Maria esas/es yunino. Charles is a boy. - Karlo esas/es yunulo. The house is in the garden. - La domo esas/es en la gardeno. I am in the garden. - Me esas/es en la gardeno. I am in the house. - Me esas/es en la domo. You are in the house. - Vu esas/es en la domo. You are under the table. - Vu esas/es sub la tablo. A dog is on the table in the house. - Hundo esas/es sur la tablo en la domo. Rex is a dog. - Rex esas/es hundo. William is a cat. - Wilhelm esas/es kato. The dog is in the house. - La hundo esas/es en la domo. The cat is on the table. - La kato esas/es sur la tablo. The box is under the table. - La buxo esas/es sub la tablo. The cat is on the box. - La kato esas/es sur la buxo. The mouse is in the house. - La muso esas/es en la domo. The mouse is in the box. - La muso esas/es en la buxo. The mouse is under the table. - La muso esas/es sub la tablo. Verbs - Present Tense:--------------------------------------------------------- A verb is an 'action' or 'doing' word: see, read, touch. These are all actions. Verbs too, in Ido, can be easily recognised by their endings. The first ones you will learn in this book all have the ending that shows the present tense, that is the ending -AS. The present tense is used when the action in the verb is happening NOW: Me vidas la hundo. - I see the dog. Vu tushas la kato. - You touch the cat. These are actions taking place at the present moment, so the present tense is used. In English there is more than one present tense, but don't let this confuse you: I touch the dog. I am touching the dog. If you think about it, these are both actions taking place in the present. Because the meanings of these two are so similar, Ido says them both in the same way: Me tushas (touch or am touching) la hundo. 'Me lektas la libro' could therefore be either 'I read the book' or 'I am reading the book', (or even 'I do read the book'). So remember this, especially when translating English into Ido. Don't translate 'I am touching' or 'you are reading' word for word. Until you can think naturally in Ido, it is best to change them in your mind to 'I touch' and 'you read' and then translate. Ed/e:-------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Ido for 'and' is 'ed', but the final 'd', which is part of the root, is often dropped if the following word starts with a consonant. Officially you may suit yourself which word you use. It is a question of which sounds the better. In practice most Idists use 'e' if the following word starts with a consonant, and 'ed' if it starts with a vowel. Note the same thing applies to three other words which you will learn later: a/ad, o/od, ka/kad. Vortaro (Vocabulary):---------------------------------------------------------- drinkas - drinks, havas - has (got), lektas - reads, manjas - eats, prizas - likes, promenas - walks/strolls, regardas - looks (at), e/ed - and, tushas - touches, vidas - sees, aquo - water, fenestro - window, lakto - milk, libro - book, pomo - apple, pordo - door, stulo - chair Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I have a dog. - Me havas hundo. I see the dog. - Me vidas la hundo. The dog sees me. - La hundo vidas me. I like the dog. - Me prizas la hundo. I like milk. - Me prizas lakto. The dog has the milk. - La hundo havas la lakto. The cat drinks the milk. - La kato drinkas la lakto. You drink the milk. - Vu drinkas la lakto. I have the apple. - Me havas la pomo. I am eating the apple. - Me manjas la pomo. The boy/girl is eating the apple. - La yuno manjas la pomo. I am looking at the mouse. - Me regardas la muso. The mouse sees the water. - La muso vidas la aquo. The mouse is eating the book. - La muso manjas la libro. The book is on the table. - La libro esas/es sur la tablo. You read the book. - Vu lektas la libro. You are reading the book. - Vu lektas la libro. The cat looks at me. - La kato regardas me. The cat looks at the door. - La kato regardas la pordo. You are touching the door. - Vu tushas la pordo. The cat is touching the window. - La kato tushas la fenestro. I am touching the window. - Me tushas la fenestro. I am walking in the garden. - Me promenas en la gardeno. You and the dog are walking in the garden. - Vu e la hundo promenas en la gardeno. The table and chair are in the house. - La tablo e la stulo esas/es en la domo. Vortaro:- Vocabulary ---------------------------------------------------------- Bona jorno - Hello (Good day) Til rivido - Good-bye (Until we meet again) Quale vu standas? - How are you? Tre bone danko - Very well thank you. Now when you meet another Idist, or go to a congress or international gathering you have the beginings of a simple conversation. Konversado:MP3 Conversation -- Here is a conversation between Peter and Mary. --- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ P: Bona jorno! M: Bona jorno! P: Quale vu standas? M: Tre bone, danko. Quale vu standas? P: Tre bone, danko. M: Til rivido! P: Til rivido! Exerco:- Exercise ------------------------------------------------------------- 1) Practice the conversation phrases. 2) Think in Ido of the things you know: Touch the door and say to yourself, 'Me tushas la pordo'; read a book and say 'Me lektas libro'; and so on to include as many of the words learnt as possible. 3) Please read aloud every Ido sentence in a lesson as many times as possible. XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX No-English-speaking people often can't pronouce the names of the English people. English Names : Naturalised Names in Ido (only experimentally) Charles : Karlo [KAR-lo] Paul : Paulo [PAW-lo] Peter : Petro [PET-ro] Philip : Filipo [fi-LI-po] Mary : Maria [ma-RI-a] Rex : Rex {Rrex] Roger : Rogerio [r(r)o-GE-rio] William : Wilhelm [VIL-helm/WIL-helm] <- volo (will) + helmo : Volhelmo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What a Wonderful World! Se nur Haendel, Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky edc. existus' ma Louis Armstrong kun sua "jazo" ne trovesus en ca mondo.... quala tedanta mondon ni havus hodie. What a boaring world it would be ...