**** Lesson 04 - Quaresma Leciono *********************************************
Vortifado - Word Building:-----------------------------------------------------
-in- (female) : yunino (girl), kavalino (mare), hanino (hen).
-ul- (male) : yunulo (boy), kavalulo (stallion), hanulo (cock).
You may feel that at present you have only a limited vocabulary.
Ido, by the logical use of affixes, enables you to make your vocabulary much
wider with very little effort.
For example it is possible to change
'yuno' (young person) into 'yunulo' which then means 'a boy' or 'a youth'.
The addition of -ul- makes any person or animal into a male:
katulo (from 'kato') - tomcat, hundulo (from 'hundo') - a male dog, etc.
The female equivalent is -in-:
yunino (girl), katino (she-cat), hundino (she-dog, bitch), and so on.
Lets try some more examples:
filio - child, filiulo - son, filiino - daughter,
kuzo - cousin, kuzulo - male cousin, kuzino - female cousin,
sekretario - secretary,
sekretariulo - man secretary, sekretariino - woman secretary,
doktoro - doctor, doktorulo - man doctor, doktorino - woman doctor
When necessary, the prefix ge- marks common gender (both sexes together):
geavi - grandparents, gefilii - children/ sons and daughters.
But 'parents' is not 'gepatri' but exceptionally 'genitori'.
/Note/ Gender is usually left unmarked in Ido, as is often the case in English,
therefore only use -ul- and -in- when you want to make the sex of a person
or animal clear. Don't use these affixes unnecessarily.
A complete list of affixes can be found in any good Ido dictionary.(->IFA31/32)
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
avan - in front of, butiko - shop, che - in/at/to (house or business of),
dentisto - dentist, familio [fa-MI-lyo] - family, frukto - fruit,
karno [KARR-no] - meat, karno-vendisto - butcher, hundulo - dog (male),
katino - cat (female), kavalino - horse (female), kavalulo - horse (male),
kirko [KIRR-ko] - church, ma - but, mediko - doctor, musino - mouse (female),
musulo - mouse (male), nur - only, preferas - prefers, staciono - station,
ruro [RU-rro] - country(side), spozino - wife, spozulo - husband,
urbo [URR-bo] - town, vendas - sells, vendisto - seller,
yunino - girl, yunulo - boy/ a youth
Exempli:MP3
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Mary is a girl. - Maria esas/es yunino.
Charles is a boy. - Karlo esas/es yunulo.
He has a male dog. - Ilu havas hundulo.
An apple is a fruit. - Pomo esas/es frukto.
I am only buying a female cat. - Me kompras nur katino.
I often go to the town. - Me ofte iras a la urbo.
I often go to the dentist's. - Me ofte iras che la dentisto.
The butcher sells meat. - La karno-vendisto vendas karno.
Alan is at the doctor's. - Alan esas/es che la mediko.
I don't buy it at the doctor's. - Me ne kompras olu che la mediko.
Your husband is called Jack. - Vua spozulo nomesas Jankin.
My wife is going to the shops. - Mea spozino iras a la butiki.
Today Lesley is going to the shops. - Hodie Lezlia iras a la butiki.
She is buying meat for the family. - Elu kompras karno por la familio.
The mare is not in the country. - La kavalino ne esas/es en la ruro.
He is selling the stallion in the town. - Ilu vendas la kavalulo en la urbo.
Paul likes meat, but Roger prefers fish. -
Paulo prizas karno, ma Rogerio preferas fisho.
I do not buy my fish at the greengrocer's. -
Me ne kompras mea fisho che la frukto-vendisto.
The church is in the town in front of the station. -
La kirko esas/es en la urbo avan la staciono.
I am buying a white female mouse and a brown male mouse for you. -
Me kompras blanka musino e bruna musulo por vu.
Possesion:---------------------------------------------------------------------
In English there are 2 different ways of showing that somebody owns something.
For example, if Roger owns a book we can refer to the book either as
'Roger's book' or 'the book of Roger'; or if my wife has a cat I can refer
to it either as 'my wife's cat' or 'the cat of my wife'.
But in Ido there is only one way of showing possession.
This is by using 'di' for 'of', so that 'Peter's book' can only be
translated as 'the book of Peter', and becomes 'la libro di Peter';
'my wife's cat (the cat of my wife)' becomes 'la kato di mea spozino'.
Exempli:MP3
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Mary's dog. - La hundo di Maria.
Peter's house. - La domo di Petro.
The girl's cat. - La kato di la yunino.
The cat's meat. - La karno di la kato.
The dog's meat. - La karno di la hundo.
The cat of Mary. - La kato di Maria.
The book of Mary. - La libro di Maria.
My husband's cup. - La taso di mea spozulo.
The boys' family. - La familio di la yunuli.
The family's food. - La manjajo di la familio.
The dog of the boy. - La hundo di la yunulo.
The doctor's family. - La familio di la mediko.
The teacher's house. - La domo di la instruktisto.
The girls of this school. - La yunini di ca skolo.
The cat of Philip. Philip's cat. - La kato di Filipo.
Quantity:----------------------------------------------------------------------
There is another word for 'of' in Ido, but this is used to denote a quantity
of something. ('di' is for possession only). For example,
'a cup of coffee' is a quantity of coffee (not a cup belonging to coffee),
'a stock of books' is a quantity of books (not a stock belonging to books).
In the case of quantity the word for 'of' is 'de', so that 'a stock of books'
is 'stoko "de" libri', and 'a cup of coffee' is 'taso "de" kafeo'.
Be very careful not to confuse 'de' with 'di'.
Exempli:MP3
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a box of apples. - buxo de pomi.
a cup of tea. - taso de teo.
a cup of coffee. - taso de kafeo.
a glass of milk. - glaso de lakto.
a glass of water. - glaso de aquo.
a bottle of wine. - botelo de vino.
a bottle of milk. - botelo de lakto.
a family of doctors. - familio de mediki.
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
adube - to where, askoltas - listens to (no extra 'ad' needed),
atraktiva - attractive, biro - beer, bone - well (adverb), botelo - bottle,
de - of (quantity), di - of (possession), do - then/so,
instruktas - teaches, instruktisto - teacher, skolo - school, teo - tea,
vino - wine, ca - this (adjective), cadie - this day, today
li - they (the plural of ilu, elu, olu)
Exempli:MP3
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They teach well. - Li instruktas bone.
She is looking at a boy. - Elu regardas yunulo.
She is looking at a bottle. - Elu regardas botelo.
They are very bad children. - Li esas/es tre mala yuni.
The boy has a bottle of beer. - La yunulo havas botelo de biro.
The teachers of this school are good. - La instruktisti di ca skolo esas/es bona.
It is the teacher's bottle of beer. -
Olu esas/es la botelo de biro di la instruktisto.
The boy and the girl are drinking the beer. -
La yunulo e la yunino drinkas la biro.
They are not listening and so they are not learning. -
Li ne askoltas e do li ne lernas.
The attractive girl is not listening to the bad teacher. -
La atraktiva yunino ne askoltas la mala instruktisto.
Konversado:MP3
---------: En la drinkerio [drin-KE-ryo] -------------------------------------
P: Bon vespero, Maria! Quale vu standas cadie?
M: Me standas bone, danko. Quale vu standas?
P: Tre bone, danko.
M: Adube ni iras? - ( 'To' where are we going? )
P: Ni iras a la drinkerio. La drinkerio nomesas la Nigra Porko.
Mea amiki dicas ke olu esas/es tre bona drinkerio.
M: Me ne savas ube la Nigra Porko esas. Ube olu esas, Petro?
P: Olu esas/es dop la domo di Sioro Jones, la dentisto.
M: Me rare iras a ta strado.
P: Ho, me ofte iras a ta strado, e me ofte drinkas biro en la Nigra Porko.
Ha! Yen olu! Ka vu deziras biro, Maria?
M: Ka vu havas pekunio?
P: Ho, yes! Cadie me havas pekunio.
M: Do, me deziras glaso de biro.
Manjaji - Foods:--------------------------------------------------------------
butro - butter, fabo - bean, fisho - fish, flor-kaulo - cauliflower,
fromajo - cheese, karno [KARR-no] - meat, karoto - carrot, ovo - egg,
kaulo [KAw-lo] - cabbage, konfitajo - jam, kukombro - cucumber,
latugo - lettuce, margarino - margarine, mustardo - mustard, onyono - onion,
pano - bread, pipro - pepper, pizo - pea, rosto-pano - toast, salo - salt,
sauco [SAw-co] - sauce/gravy, karno-sauco [KARR-no-SAw-co] - gravy,
sociso - sausage, sukro - sugar, supo - soup, tarto [TARR-to] - tart,
terpomo [terr-PO-mo] - potato, tomato - [to-MA-to] - tomato,
torto [TORR-to] - pie, vinagro - vinegar, yen - here is/are
Konversado: Exempli MP3
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Give me a fork. - Donez a me forketo.
I have no spoon. - Me ne havas kuliero.
This knife is not sharp. - Ta kultelo ne esas akuta.
Pass me the salt. - Pasigez a me la salo.
May I trouble you for the bread? - Kad vu voluntus pasigar la pano?
Bring me a bottle of stout. - Adportez a me botelo de nigra biro.
Will you have a glass of ale? - Kad vu deziras glaso de flava biro?
I only drink water. - Me drinkas nur aquo.
Are you a teetotaller? - Kad vu esas ne-alkoholisto?
Will you have some salad? - Kad vu deziras salado?
Here is a fine lettuce. - Yen bela latugo.
Do you take oil and vinegar? - Kad vu prenas oleo e vinagro?
Here are the pepper and salt. - Yen la pipro e la salo.
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A teetotaller used to be 'anti-alkoholisto' but now a simple 'ne-alkoholisto',
a person who never drinks alcohol.
XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Possesion:---------------------------------------------------------------------
Recently some Idists have begun to use another way of showing possession with
-(e)ns borrowed from the German language. For example:
Roger's book : Rogerio'ns [ro-GE-rions] libro
My wife's cat : Mea spozino'ns [spo-ZI-nons] kato
Marx's wife : Marx'ens [MAR-ksens] spozino
David MANN's dictionaries : David MANN'ens [MA-nens] dicionarii
Exempli:MP3
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Mary's dog. - Maria'ns hundo.
Peter's house. - Petro'ns domo.
The girl's cat. - La yunino'ns kato.
The cat's meat. - La kato'ns karno.
The dog's meat. - La hundo'ns karno.
Tha cat of Mary. - Maria'ns kato.
The book of Mary. - Maria'ns libro.
My husband's cup. - Mea spozulo'ns taso.
The boys' family. - La yunuli'ns familio.
The family's food. - La familio'ns manjajo.
The dog of the boy. - La yunulo'ns hundo.
The doctor's family. - La mediko'ns familio.
The teacher's house. - La instruktisto'ns domo.
The girls of this school. - Ca skolo'ns yunini.
The cat of Philip. Philip's cat. - Filipo'ns kato.
