Ido for All

**** Lesson 05 - Kinesma Leciono ********************************************** Personal Pronouns:------------------------------------------------------------- By now most of the personal pronouns have been introduced, but for easy reference they are listed together below. me - I/me : tu - you : vu - you : il, ilu - he/him : el, elu - she/her ol, olu - it (usually for an inanimate thing) : lu - he/she/it ni - we/us : vi - you : li (ili/eli/oli) - they/them on - one/they/people When necessary, the gender of they/them may be indicated by using the fuller forms: 'ili' for the masculine, 'eli' for the feminine, and 'oli' for the neuter. And similarly in the singular 'lu' is the common gender form of il, el, ol, corresponding to 'li' in the plural; it is convenient in such sentences as: If the reader desires fuller details, let him or her (lu) turn to page XXX. Onu/On - one/they/people: Onu/On dicez to quon on volas. - Let people say what they like. The reflexive pronoun is 'su': himself/herself/itself/themselves (third person only). Ilu lavas su. - He washes himself. Li lavas su. - They wash themselves. Ilu manjis sua pomi, elu manjis sui - He ate his apples, she ate hers. But: Me lavas me. - I wash myself. Vu lavas vu. - You wash yourself. /Note/ 1) 'tu' refers to one person only. It shows affection towards the person addressed, and is therefore only to be used in special circumstances: a) within the family, b) between close friends, c) when addressing small children, d) perhaps when addressing an animal or pet. 2) 'vu' also refers to one person only. It is the usual word for 'you'. 3) 'vi' refers to more than one person, and is the plural of both 'tu' and 'vu'. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I/Me - Me : We/Us - Ni : She/Her - Elu : He/Him - Ilu : It - Olu : They/Them - Li You (a close friend) - Tu You(a complete stranger) - Vu You (addressing a friendly dog) - Tu You (more than one person) - Vi Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Are you good? - Ka vu esas/es bona? I am a dentist. - Me esas/es dentisto. You are a doctor. - Vu esas/es mediko. You are beautiful. - Tu esas/es bela. It is in the house. - Olu esas/es en la domo. You are good doctors. - Vi esas/es bona mediki. He has a good friend. - Ilu havas bona amiko. We are reading your books. - Ni lektas vua libri. She likes beautiful flowers. - Elu prizas bela flori. They are chasing the horses. - Li chasas la kavali. Past Tense:-------------------------------------------------------------------- In the previous lessons we have been using the present tense verb ending -as which shows that the action is taking place now. By changing this ending to -is, we can form the past tense: elu kantis - she sang/ she has sung/ she was singing/ she did sing. me manjis - I ate/ I have eaten/ I was eating/ I did eat The ending -is is used for any action that has happened or was happening in the past, and so it can be translated into English in several different ways. You may think that to cover all these different shades of English meaning with just one tense could cause confusion. On rare occasions this could be so, but you will learn later on other forms of expression which avoid any such possible confusion. The -is ending is not the only way of expressing the past, but it is the easiest and most convenient. VERB:---------------------------------------------------------(-> IFA09)------- The present infinitive of verbs ends in -ar (bearing the accent on -ar): kredar [kre-DARR] - to believe, donar [do-NARR] - to give. The present tense ends in -as: me kredas [KRE-das]- I believe, me donas [DO-nas] - I give. The past infinitive ends in -ir (accented): kredir [kre-DIRR] - to have believed, donir [do-NIRR] - to have given. The past tense ends in -is: Me kredis [KRE-dis] - I believed/ I have believed. Me donis [DO-nis] - I gave/ I have given. Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- ek - out of, fabrikerio [fa-bri-KE-ryo] - factory, fantomo - ghost, foresto - forest, heme - at home, malada - ill/sick, multa - much/many, nova - new, pro - because of, queris - fetched, restis - stayed, tro - too (much), wiskio - whisky, nam - for/since, pro ke - because Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I am. - Me esas. I was. - Me esis. I have. - Me havas. I had. - Me havis. We are going, We went. - Ni iras, Ni iris. He was going, He went. - Ilu iris. I go. - Me iras. I went. - Me iris. I visited. - Me vizitis. He has visited. - Ilu vizitis. He did eat. - Ilu manjis. I am eating. - Me manjas. She works. - Elu laboras. She was working. - Elu laboris. The dog drank. - La hundo drinkis. He had a big cake. - Ilu havis granda kuko. I also drank whisky. - Me anke drinkis wiskio. They read many books. - Li lektis multa libri. I went to the forest. - Me iris a la foresto. I visited the factory. - Me vizitis la fabrikerio. I went to the new pub. - Me iris a la nova drinkerio. It was drinking whisky. - Olu drinkis wiskio. We went into the garden. - Ni iris aden la gardeno. I drank too much whisky. - Me drinkis tro multa wiskio. The new teacher saw you. - La nova instruktisto vidis vi. I walked out of the town. - Me promenis ek la urbo. The doctor stayed at home. - La mediko restis heme. My dog fetched the doctor. - Mea hundo queris la mediko. In the forest I saw a ghost. - En la foresto me vidis fantomo. She often worked in the factory. - Elu ofte laboris en la fabrikerio. I was ill because of the whisky. - Me esis malada pro la wiskio. But the doctor was also ill and he didn't come. - Ma la mediko esis anke malada ed ilu ne venis. Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- ante nun - ago, amiko - friend, dii - days, facas - do/does, facila - easy, fine - finally, horo - hour, ja - already, kelka - some, komencis - began, komprenas - understands, kordiala - cordial, kurta - short, lektas - reads, laute - loud (adverb), lernas - learns, letro - letter, linguo - language, nova - new, omna-die - every day, pose - afterwards, saluto - greeting, sempre - always, skribas - writes, studiar - to study, texto - text, traduko - translation, trovas - finds, dum - for, ye - at/in/on Letro:MP3 ----- Pri linguo internaciona (international language)------------------------ Ka vu ja lernas la nova linguo internaciona? Me komencis studiar olu ye kelka dii ante nun, e me trovas ke olu esas vere tre facila. Omna-die me lektas texto dum un horo; me sempre lektas laute, nam oportas ke ni tre ofte lektez laute. Pose me facas kurta traduko e fine me skribas letro en la nova linguo. Ka vu komprenas to? Kun kordiala saluto, Vua amiko, Vortifado:--------------------------------------------------------------------- Here are some more useful affixes: -er- (one who habitually does something, amateur): fumero - smoker voyajero - traveller -er- (also used for animals or things characterized by an habitual action): reptero - reptile remorkero - tug (-boat) -ist- (meaning: a person who does something professionally): koquisto - a cook instruktisto - a teacher skribisto - a writer artisto - artist dentisto - dentist fotografisto - a professional photographer (Cp. fotografero, an amateur photographer) -ist- (also indicates an adherent of a party or school of thought): Idisto - Idist komunisto - communist socialisto - socialist idealisto - idealist -ism- (system, doctrine, party): socialismo - socialism Katolikismo - Catholicism -an- (member of a community, country, town or body): partisano - partisan societano - society member Parisano - Parisian Kanadano - Canadian -ier- (who or what bears or is characterized by): pomiero - apple-tree roziero - rose-bush milioniero - millionaire -ier- (also in a few words, holder): plumiero - pen-holder sigariero - cigar-holder Note that all suffixes are added to the root of the word they are modifying, i.e. the grammatical ending is removed: skribas (writes), root = skrib, skribisto - writer polico (police), root = polic, policisto - policeman Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- chambro - room, desneta - dirty, dormo-chambro - bedroom, facis - made/did, fakte - in fact, fratulo - brother, heme - at home, hemo - a home, kande - when, koquas - cooks, koquero - cook, laboris - worked, ledro - leather, ma - but, matro - mother, neta - clean, netigas - cleans, nia - our, nun - now, nur - only, plastiko - plastic, puero - child (7 years to adolescence), restas - stays, shuo - shoe, shu-fabrikerio - shoe factory, tota - all/whole Words of one gender:-(A few words are of one gender only)---------------------- As we have seen before, living things can be made male or female by adding the suffixes -ul- or -in-. Originally there were no exceptions to this. However it was found convenient to include in the language one or two very common words of one gender only: patro (father), matro (mother), viro (adult man), muliero (woman) Vortifado:--------------------------------------------------------------------- Here are some more useful affixes: The suffix -id denotes offspring: Izraelido - Israelite bo- (-in-law): bopatro - father-in-law Mea Matro:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mea matro restas heme. Elu laboras en la hemo. Elu netigas la chambri. Me esas/es neta, ma mea fratulo esas/es tre desneta. Do la matro ofte netigas nia dormo-chambro. Fakte la matro netigas la tota domo. Elu anke koquas por ni. Elu esas/es tre bona koquero. Kande me esis puero, elu laboris en la shu-fabrikerio. Elu facis shui ek ledro e plastiko. Nun elu ne laboras en la fabrikerio ma elu laboras nur por ni. Elu esas/es tre bona matro. Adverb:------------------------------------------------------------------------ An adverb is a word which describes in some way how, when or where an action is, was, or will be done. If we take for example 'he worked', it may be that 'he worked' + 'well' or 'badly' or 'often' or 'quickly', and so on. In English most adverbs end in -ly, but not all. The equivalent ending in Ido is -e. All Ido adjectives can be made into adverbs by changing the -a ending to -e: mala - bad -> male - badly, rapida - fast/rapid -> rapide - rapidly danjeroza - dangerous -> danjeroze - dangerously Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- rapida - fast, ecelanta - excellent, ecelante - excellently, multa - much, multe - a lot, treno - train Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- He works well. - Ilu laboras bone. He teaches badly. - Ilu instruktas male. The child is good. - La puero esas/es bona. The teacher is bad. - La instruktisto esas/es mala. The train went fast. - La treno iris rapide. She cooks excellently. - Elu koquas ecelante. They like cakes a lot. - Li multe prizas kuki. We saw the fast train. - Ni vidis la rapida treno. The cook is excellent. - La koquisto esas/es ecelanta. He has a good many friends. - Ilu havas multa amiki. Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- alumeto - match, butiko - shop, butikisto - shopkeeper, certe - certainly, chanco - luck, desfortunoza - unfortunate, fino - end, helpas - helps, hiere - yesterday, kliento - customer, kun - with, matino - morning, merkato - market, monato - month, obliviis [ob-LI-vyis] - forgot, pagas - pays, paketo - packet, pro - because of, pro quo - why, quon - what, sempre - always, servas [SERR-vas] - serves, sigareto - cigarette, vakanco - holiday, vetero - weather, ye - at Konversado:MP3 ----------- En la butiko (B=Butikisto, M=Mary) -------------------------------- B: Bon matino, Maria! Quon vu deziras? M: Bon matino, Sioro Harris! Me deziras paketo de sigareto e buxo de alumeti por mea matro, ed anke botelo de lakto. B: Ka vu pagas nun o ye la fino di la monato? M: Me ne pagas nun. Me obliviis mea pekunio. Fakte, Petro havas olu, ed ilu es en la merkato. Ka Siorino Harris ne helpas vu hodie? B: No, elu havas vakanco. Elu iris hiere a London. M: Elu certe havas bona chanco. La vetero es bela. Pro quo vu ne iris kun elu? B: Pro la butiko. Me restas hike e servas la klienti. M: Butikisti es tre desfortunoza. B: Yes, ni sempre laboras. XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Mr. Shawn KOVAC presented his "ware" on the market of Ido. If in the future Arabic and Hebrew speaking people would join in with the world of Ido, his "ware" might be useful and widely bought. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Olim Sro Shawn KOVAC skribis quale ... 'Me', 'vu', 'tu', 'ni' e 'vi' ne havas maskula o femina formo. Ma en la Hebrea, pronomi esas sive maskula sive femina. Exemple 'vu' havas maskula e femina formi ([heb] 'at' ed 'ata'). Me opinionas ke kom internaciona linguo' Ido bezonas posedar ad'maxime quar formi por ne'determinita, maskula, femina, ed neutra' quala 'lu', 'ilu', 'elu', ed 'olu', respektive. Me do propozas ca nova pronomi: me (nedeterminita) ime* (maskula genro) eme* (femina genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ome* (neutra genro, quala komputoral voco parolanta) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- tu = you (nedeterminita) itu* = you (maskula genro) etu* = you (femina genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- otu* = you (neutra genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- vu (nedeterminita) ivu* (maskula genro) evu* (femina genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ovu* (neutra genro, quale kontre komputoro od irga kozo personatra) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- lu (nedeterminita) ilu od il (maskula genro) elu od el (femina genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- olu (neutra genro) : Precipue por ne'vivanta kozo ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ni (nedeterminita) : quale en Hispana 'nosotros' ini* (maskula genro) : quale en Hispana 'nosotros' eni* (femina genro) : quale en Hispana 'nosotras' vi (nedeterminita) : quale en Hispana 'ustedes' ivi* (maskula genro) evi* (femina genro) li (nedeterminita) ili (maskula genro) eli (femina genro) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- oli (neutra genro) : Precipue por ne'vivanta kozi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Me ne propozas la neutra-genra formi di 'ni' e 'vi', pro ke li nu esus 'oni' ed 'ovi', ma 'ovi' es ja uzata kom substantivo. :) Me fakte pensas ke la plurala neutra formi esas min utila. Lo maxim bezonata esas la maskula e femina formi di la tota pronomi. -Humilulo <>< Exempli:MP3 En la Araba formala Kayfa h.aaluka? Quale ivu standas? Kayfa h.aaluki? Quale evu standas? 'Anaa t.aalib. Ime esas studento. 'Anaa t.aaliba. Eme esas studento. En la Araba ne'formala en Egiptia Anaa 3aasif. Exkuzez ime. Anaa 3asfa. Exkuzez eme. Anaa t.aaleb. Ime esas studento. Anaa t.aaleba. Eme esas studento. Enta bitetkallem el-ingliizii? Kad ivu parolas la Angla? Enti bitetkallemi el-ingliizii? Kad evu parolas la Angla? En la Ivrit Ani student. Ime esas studento. Ani studentit. Eme esas studento. Medaber Anglit? Kad ivu parolas la Angla? Medaberet Anglit? Kad evu parolas la Angla? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Onu ne komprenas pro quo ne trovesas la pluralo di "tu" en nia Europana lingui o patuazi*. Kompreneble, pro ke onu ya povas karear olu, ka No? Se onu vere indijus la pluralo di "tu", olu de longe existabus che ni. La logikal fakto esas ke "vu e vi" suficas sen "tu" quale en la Angla. Ma pro quo ni ankore uzas "tu" dum ke ni ya kareas la pluralo di "tu"? Ni kelka'tempe deziras o mustas expresar "privata intimeso" per "tu" a nia amiko, mem ne'familial infanto e puero apud la familiani. Tamen ni ne povas facile fabrikar kelke granda quanteso de "privata intimeso" a plura homi, pro ke lo postulas multa energio. Lore ni uzas "vi" vicee. Kande ni ad'vokas irgu per "tu", ni konsumas extra energio kam a "vu". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ **** Lesson 06 - Sisesma Leciono ********************************************** Interrogative Pronouns (1):---------------------------------------------------- These could possibly present a little difficulty at first, but need not do so if studied carefully. Qua regardas me? - Who is looking at me? Qua amas il? - Who loves him? From the above examples you will see that 'qua' means 'who'. However, if it is known that 'who' is more than one person then 'qui' should be used: Qui regardas me? - Who is looking at me? Qui amas il? - Who loves him? In the case of an unknown object or thing 'quo' is used. It corresponds to 'what' in English. Quo esas/es en la buxo? - What is in the box? Quo eventis? - What happened? Note in Ido it is not necessary to change the word order when making questions, though it is in English. (English) 'He is' becomes 'Who is he?' (Ido) 'Il es' becomes 'Qua ilu es?' (Qua esas/es il?) Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Who is he? - Qua ilu esas? Who was ill? - Qua esis malada? What is in the garden? - Quo esas/es en la gardeno? Who did George's work? - Qua facis la laboro di Georgio? Who loves the old horse? - Qua amas la olda kavalo? What is eating my apples? - Quo manjas mea pomi? Who came here with the dog? - Qui venis ad'hike kun la hundo? Who is learning Ido in this school? - Qui lernas Ido en ca skolo? Who went to the school with white mice? - Qui iris a la skolo kun blanka musi? Who visits the friends of the old shopkeeper? - Qua vizitas la amiki di la olda butikisti? Numerals:--------------------------------------------------------------------- un - one du - two tri - three quar - four kin - five sis - six sep - seven ok - eight non - nine dek - ten Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I have ten cats. - Me havas dek kati. I have one brother. - Me havas un fratulo. Nine girls visited me. - Non yunini vizitis me. My brother saw three birds. - Mea fratulo vidis tri uceli. Who has two bottles of beer? - Qua havas du boteli de biro? The dog is eating five cakes. - La hundo manjas kin kuki. She is not buying six apples. - Elu ne kompras sis pomi. We have only four clean shoes. - Ni havas nur quar neta shui. Are seven flowers in the garden? - Ka sep flori esas/es en la gardeno? Mary's house hasn't got eight windows. - La domo di Maria ne havas ok fenestri. Vortifado:--------------------------------------------------------------------- -ey- (place or room devoted to some object or action): It is used in the construction of many common words: pregeyo - oratory koqueyo - kitchen (koquas - cooks) tombeyo - cemetery kavaleyo - stable (place for horses) hundeyo - kennel (place for dogs) viteyo - vineyard --- as well as for others of a more general nature: lerneyo - school-room lojeyo - dwelling place dormeyo - a sleeping place/dormitory Work out for yourself the meaning of the -eyo words elsewhere. As the meaning of this suffix is rather wide, special words are to be used where the sense requires them: universitato, skolo, etc., for lerneyo; katedralo, kirko, etc., for pregeyo. Vortifado:--------------------------------------------------------------------- -uy- (receptacle): inkuyo - inkwell kafeuyo - coffee-box teuyo - tea-caddy sigaruyo - cigar-box NOTE: coffee-pot, tea-pot are kafe-krucho, te-krucho. -i- (domain or sphere of action): dukio - duchy komtio - county episkopio - bishopric -ed- (the full of, amount corresponding to): bokedo - mouthful pinchedo - pinch glutedo - gulp Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- rezidas - resides, dwells, lives The following two words are more specific than 'rezidas': lojas - lives for a limited time (in someone else's house etc.) habitas - lives permanently (in one's own house etc.) On lojas tempe (kurte) che altra persono od en gasteyo. On habitas permanente en propra o fixa domo. On habitas urbo, che amiko, parento, en apartamento, en chambro, e.c. laboras - works, trovas - finds, sidas - sits Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The pub is your place of work. - La drinkerio esas/es vua laboreyo. The children are in the stable. - La pueri esas/es en la kavaleyo. My dog doesn't live in a kennel. - Mea hundo ne habitas en hundeyo. We have a fish pond in our garden. - Ni havas fisheyo en nia gardeno. The house has a beautiful kitchen. - La domo havas bela koqueyo. The children eat in the dining hall. - La yuni manjas en la manjeyo. She didn't find a sitting place (seat). - Elu ne trovis sideyo. My house is the dwelling place of many mice. - Mea domo esas/es la rezideyo di multa musi. They didn't find a drinking place for the horses. - Li ne trovis drinkeyo por la kavali. They don't have a place to sleep (dormitory) in the school. - Li ne havas dormeyo en la skolo. Dum, en:----------------------------------------------------------------------- Note the following difference carefully. Me manjis dum la nokto. - I ate during the night. (throughout the whole night). Me manjis en la nokto. - I ate during the night. (at one or more different times during the night). Od/o -or:---------------------------------------------------------------------- Note that as with 'ed/e', 'od' is generally used when the next word starts with a vowel, and 'o' is used when it begins with a consonant. Vortifado:- Adjektivi kun nuanci ---------------------------------------------- -al- (forms adjectives meaning "belonging to" or "relating to"): universala - universal racionala - rational -oz- (means "full of", "containing", "rich in"): poroza - porous sabloza - sandy kurajoza - courageous famoza - famous -em- (means "inclined to"): babilema - talkative ociema - lazy laborema - industrious -ik- (means "sick of", "suffering from"): ftiziiko - consumptive artritiko - arthritic alkoholiko - alcoholic patient -atr- (means "like", "similar to", "-ish"): sponjatra - spongy haratra - hair-like verdatra - greenish -e- (means "having the appearance or colour of"): rozea - rozy, pink violea - violet (-coloured) musea - mouse-coloured Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- armeo - army, automobilo - car, biciklo - bicycle, divenis - became, dormeyo - sleeping place, konduktas - drives, grandega - enormous, kamionisto - lorry driver, kamiono - lorry, truck, pos - after, patro - father, posdimezo - afternoon, soldato - soldier, vespero - evening, ipsa - self, lito - bed, milito - war, nokto - night, od/o - or, pri - about, dum - during/throughout, sen - without Mea Patro:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mea patro esis soldato dum la milito. En la armeo ilu lernis pri automobili e kamioni. Ilu konduktis kamioni. Pos la milito ilu divenis kamionisto. Ilu nun konduktas grandega kamioni. Ilu konduktas dum la matino e dum la posdimezo. Ofte ilu konduktas kamioni dum la vespero e la nokto sen dormar. Kande me esis puero me ofte iris kun ilu en la kamiono. Ni vizitis multa urbi. Dum la nokto ni dormis sur lito en la kamiono od en dormeyo por kamionisti. Me ipsa ne konduktas automobilo. Me esas/es tro yuna. Me havas biciklo. Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- aparas - appears, autuno - autumn, brilas - shines, ca - this, dop - behind, desaparas - disappears, horizonto - horizon, jorno - day, kantas - sings, kolda - cold, kovrilo - blanket/cover, lana - woollen, luno - moon, nepluse - no longer, plura - several, printempo - spring, somero - summer, stelo - star, suno - sun, tante - so, trovas - finds, ucelo - bird, uzas - uses, varma - warm, venas - comes, vintro - winter, sama ... kam - same ... with, quale - as/like Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What is here? - Quo esas/es hike? Who lives here? - Qua habitas hike? Where is my bed? - Ube mea lito esas? Where is your cat? - Ube vua kato esas? What is in the truck (lorry)? - Quo esas/es en la kamiono? Who (plural) are you? - Qui vi esas? Who (plural) are they? - Qui li esas? Who has enormous shoes? - Qua havas grandega shui? Who lives in the garden? - Qua lojas en la gardeno? Who (plural) has the red bicycles? - Qui havas la reda bicikli? Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Four warm nights. - Quar varma nokti. Nine brown birds. - Non bruna uceli. After three evenings. - Pos tri vesperi. Ten enormous mothers. - Dek grandega matri. Six stars are shining. - Sis steli brilas. Eight woollen blankets. - Ok lana kovrili. The same seven blankets. - La sama sep kovrili. Two sick soldiers lived here. - Du malada soldati rezidis hike. Five horses slept in this bed. - Kin kavali dormis en ca lito. One fierce old cat was under the bed. - Un feroca olda kato esis sub la lito. Bona Nokto:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Dum la jorno la suno brilas. En la vespero la suno desaparas dop la horizonto. La uceli nepluse kantas. Li trovas dormeyo en la arbori e li dormas. La nokto venas. En la nokto la luno aparas e la steli brilas. En la nokto me iras a lito e lektas libro dum un horo ante dormar (before falling asleep). Me havas grandega lito qua esas/es en mea dormo-chambro. Mea chambro ne esas/es varma dum la printempo e me uzas kin kovrili. Dum la somero la vetero esas/es varma e mea chambro ne esas/es kolda. Me uzas nur un kovrilo. En la autuno la vetero divenas kolda. Me uzas plura kovrili. Me uzas sis lana kovrili. Dum la vintro la vetero esas/es tante kolda ke me uzas dek kovrili, e mea du granda hundi dormas en la sama lito kam la mea (quale me). La familio [fa-MI-lyo] - the family:------------------------------------------- avo - grandparent, avino - grandmother, avulo - grandfather, patro - father, matro - mother, genitoro - parent, parento - relative, spozo - spouse, spozino - wife, spozulo - husband, filio [FI-lyo] - son/daughter, filiino [fi-li-I-no] - daughter, filiulo [fi-li-U-lo] - son, gefilii [ge-FI-lyi] - son(s) and daughter(s), frato - brother/sister, fratino - sister, fratulo - brother, nepoto - grandchild, nepotino - granddaughter, nepotulo - grandson, onklo - uncle/aunt, onklino - aunt, onklulo - uncle, kuzo - cousin, kuzino - cousin (female), kuzulo - cousin (male), nevo - nephew/niece, nevino - niece, nevulo - nephew XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX fairo [fa-I-ro}, veino [ve-I-no] o naiva [na-I-va]:--------------------------- The spellings of AY, EY, IY, OY ed UY are separately pronounced when followed by the vowels as in lerneyo, lerne'yo [ler-NE-yo], lojeyo, loje'yo [lo-JE-yo], dormeyo, dorme'yo [dor-ME-yo], inkuyo, inku'yo [in-KU-yo], kafeuyo, kafeu'yo [ka-fe-U-yo] edc. but they are dipthongs when follewd by the consonats as in newly proposed words: taypar* [tay-PAR], fayro* [FAY-ro}, veyno* [VEY-no] edc. **** Lesson 07 - Sepesma Leciono ********************************************** Future Tense:------------------------------------------------------------------ The future tense is used when something will or shall happen. The ending for the future is -os: Me iros - I will go. Ni vidos - We shall see. Vortaro:-(Note that the verbs are in the present tense)------------------------ armoro - cupboard, audas - hears, batas - beats, dansas - dances, dansisto - dancer, dop - behind, fumas - smokes, gustas - tastes, juas - enjoys, klimas - climbs, klimero - climber, kolino - hill, monto - mountain, morge - tomorrow, vilajo - village Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I am, I was, I will be. - Me esas, Me esis, Me esos. You have, You had, You will have. - Vu havas, Vu havis, Vu havos. He is looking, He was looking, He will look. - Ilu regardas, Ilu regardis, Ilu regardos. You dance well. - Tu dansas bone. The car is big. - La automobilo esas/es granda. I will beat you. - Me batos vi. I will help him. - Me helpos ilu. / Me helpos ad ilu. I am not smoking. - Me ne fumas. Will you eat today? - Ka vu manjos hodie? The climber will come. - La klimero venos. Will we dance tomorrow? - Ka ni dansos morge? I shall taste the cake. - Me gustos la kuko. You will enjoy the beer. - Tu juos la biro. The teacher was smoking. - La instruktisto fumis. I shall become a dentist. - Me divenos dentisto. The weather is warm today. - La vetero esas/es varma hodie. Shall we smoke a cigarette? - Ka ni fumos sigareto? Philip's dog heard the girl. - La hundo di Filipo audis la yunino. The birds will sing tomorrow. - La uceli kantos morge. The teacher did not hear them. - La instruktisto ne audis li. He will not beat the small dog. - Ilu ne batos la mikra hundo. The dancer will not dance today. - La dansisto ne dansos hodie. He put the food in the cupboard. - Ilu pozis la manjajo aden la armoro. The fat mouse will eat the apple. - La grosa muso manjos la pomo. The pig will not sleep in my bed! - La porko ne dormos en mea lito! The lorry/truck driver will drink the whisky. - La kamionisto drinkos la wiskio. The ghost will not appear during the day. - La fantomo ne aparos dum la jorno. The young climber helped the old soldier. - La yuna klimero helpis (a) la olda soldato. She will not climb the hill behind the village. - Elu ne klimos la kolino dop la vilajo. The climber will climb the mountain during the night. - La klimero klimos la monto dum la nokto. Cardinal Numbers:-------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - un 2 - du 3 - tri 4 - quar (tet*) 5 - kin 6 - sis 7 - sep 8 - ok 9 - non 10 - dek 11 - dek e un 12 - dek e du 13 - dek e tri 14 - dek e quar 15 - dek e kin 16 - dek e sis 17 - dek e sep 18 - dek e ok 19 - dek e non 20 - duadek 21 - duadek e un 22 - duadek e du 23 - duadek e tri, edc. 30 - triadek 40 - quaradek 50 - kinadek 60 - sisadek 70 - sepadek 80 - okadek 90 - nonadek 99 - nonadek e non 100 - cent 101 - cent e un 124 - cent e duadek e quar 200 - duacent 400 - quaracent 1000 - mil 2000 - duamil 3700 - triamil e sepacent 1,000,000 - miliono In lesson 6 you learnt the numbers 1-10. As you can see from the above examples the rest are easy. 'Eleven' is 'dek e un' (literally 'ten and one'), 'twelve' is 'dek e du', and so on up to nineteen (dek e non). 'Twenty' - 'duadek' is simply 'dua' (two times) '-dek' (ten), i.e. twenty. 'Thirty' is 'tria-dek', 'forty' is 'quara-dek', and so on. 'Forty one' (four times ten plus one) is 'quaradek e un', 556 (five times a hundred and five times ten and six) is 'kinacent e kinadek e sis'. Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- amoras - loves, banano - banana, ca - this (adjective), disko - disc, durstoza - thirsty, forketo - table fork, fratino - sister, klaso - class, fratulo - brother, gorilo - gorilla, hungroza - hungry, kantisto - singer, infanto - child (under 7), kopiuro - copy, kuliero - spoon, kultelo - knife, lampo - lamp/light, letro - letter, letro-portisto - postman, lia - their, onklino - aunt, pantalono - trousers, pendas - hangs, per - with/by, plafono - ceiling, planko-sulo - floor, ta - that, tir-kesto - drawer, sua - his/her/their own /Note/ (1) 'Amoras' means 'loves' (the affection a man and a woman feel for each other). There is also 'amas' which is the affection a mother feels for her child, or a sister for a brother etc. (2) 'Per' means 'with' in the sense of 'by means of': Ilu batis me per bastono. - He beat me with a stick. It should not be confused with 'kun' which means 'with' in the sense of 'in the company of': Ilu iris kun elu a la parko. - He went with her to the park. Sometimes English 'with' corresponds to some other prepositon: cf. Havez pacienteso a me. - Have patience 'with' me. (3) 'Pantalono' - trousers is a singular word in Ido because it constitutes only one object. 'Pantaloni' would be pairs of trousers. Also 'binoklo' - a pair of glasses Exempli:MP3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Twenty horses. - Duadek kavali. Thirty children. - Triadek infanti. A hundred knives. - Cent kulteli. (Forty-four letters. - Quaradek e quar letri.) Fifty-eight spoons. - Kinadek e ok kulieri. Sixty-three copies. - Sisadek e tri kopiuri. Ninty-one gorillas. - Nonadek e un gorili. My mother has sixteen cats. - Mea matro havas dek e sis kati. Their teacher has eighty discs. - Lia instruktisto havas okadek diski. My aunt has seventy-one flowers. - Mea onklino havas sepadek e un flori. Tomorrow I shall write twelve letters. - Morge me skribos dek e du letri. My aunt's gorilla ate fifteen bananas. - La gorilo di mea onklino manjis dek e kin banani. The thirty soldiers slept on the floor. - La triadek soldati dormis sur la planko-sulo. Thirty-six lamps hung form the ceiling. - Triadek e sis lampi pendis de la plafono. Seventy-six thirsty postmen work in that town. - En ta urbo laboras sepadek e sis durstoza letro-portisti. The forty knives were in the drawer of this table. - La quaradek kulteli esis en la tir-kesto di ca tablo. Today the children of this class smoked twenty cigarettes. - Hodie la yuni di ca klaso fumis duadek sigareti. My young sister found a hundred and two forks in the cupboard. - Mea yuna fratino trovis cent e du forketi en la armoro. The 999 hungry children beat the table with their spoons. - La nonacent e nonadek e non hungroza infanti batis la tablo per sua kulieri. The two singers sold 200,000 copies of their new disc, "I love you". - La 2 kantisti vendis duacenta-mil kopiuri de sua nova disko, 'Me amoras tu'. Vortifado:--------------------------------------------------------------------- -il- (instrument for doing the action shown in the root word): pektas - combs : pektilo - a comb skribas - writes : skribilo - something to write with; pen, pencil, etc. brosas - brushes : brosilo - a brush plugas - ploughs : plugilo - a plough pafas - shoots : pafilo - a fire-arm baras - bars : barilo - barrier fotografas - photographs : fotografilo - camera Many special names of instruments exist: klefo - key, martelo - hammer. The verbs can be formed by compounding them with the root -ag to do, act: klefagar - to lock martelagar - to hammer Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- mixas - mixes, tranchas - cuts, brosas - brushes, fotografas - photographs, ludas - plays, apertas - opens, natas - swims Note that suffixes can often be used to make an approximate word when the correct one is not known. Exempli: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ knife - tranchilo, a mixer - mixilo, brush - brosilo, camera - fotografilo, fish's fins - natili, toy - ludilo, door handle - apertilo, frogman's flippers - natili Vortaro:----------------------------------------------------------------------- amiko - friend, chokolado - chocolate, demandis - asked, donacajo - present (gift), hiere - yesterday, ja - already, komprenende - of course, kunportas - brings, ludilo - toy, nasko-dio - birthday, nia - our, omna - all, peco - piece, partio [PARR-tyo] - party, prenez! - take!, saluto! - hello!/hi!, sukrajo - a sweet, til - until, tua - your, vere - really, yaro - year, Quante tu evas? - How old are you? Me evas sep yari. - I'm seven. Konversado:MP3 ---------- Sur la strado (A=Alan, B=Bob)-------------------------------------- A: Saluto, Bob! Quale tu standas? B: Saluto, Alan! Hodie esas/es mea nasko-dio [NAS-ko-DI-o]. A: Vere? Quante tu evas? B: Me evas non yari. Me havis multa ludili: Kamiono, automobilo, soldati e sukraji. Morge me havos mea partio. Ka tu venos? Mea matro ja demandis a tua matro. A: Ka mea matro dicis 'yes'? B: Komprenende! A: Qui venas a la partio? B: Omna nia amiki. Li kunportos donacaji. Yen, prenez sukrajo e peco de chokolado! A: Danko. B: Til la partio. A: Til la partio. Questioni:MP3 General Questions (Answer in Ido):--------------------------------------------- /Note/ Quakolora? - What colour? Ube? - Where? Che vu - At your house, Posdimezo - Afternoon, Vespero - Evening, Qua? - Who?, Quo? - What? 01) Quakolora esas/es la pordo? -> Olu esas/es blanka quale nivo (as white as snow). 02) Ube vu dormas? -> En la lito kun mea amorata (loved) spozino. 03) Ka vu dormas dum la jorno? -> No, kompreneble ne. Me sempre devas laborar. 04) Ka vu havas blua automobilo? -> Yes, nam la blua esis chipa. 05) Ka vu drinkas biro? -> No, me esas anti-alkoholisto. 06) Ka vu havas fisheyo che vu? -> Fisheyo che me? Ho, no, ridinde no. 07) Ka vu promenas en la nokto? -> Promenar? No, me pavoras de la nokto. 08) Ka vu laboras en la posdimezo? -> Yes, komprenende. Qua laboras por me? 09) Ka vu drinkas kafeo en la matino? -> Yes, matine kafeo komplete vekigas me. 10) Quakolora esas/es kafeo? -> Generale olu esas/es nigra ma bruna kande kun lakto. 11) Ka vu iras a la skolo en la vespero? -> No, me ne prizas skoli. 12) Quo esas/es sur la tablo? -> Mea libri. Me lektas libri pri vasta temi. 13) Qua lojas che vu? -> Nulu lojas che me. Mea domo esas/es tre mikra. 14) Ube vu habitas? -> En la strado di Ben-Yehuda. 15) Ka vu havas fratino? -> Yes, me havas un fratino. Forms of Transport:------------------------------------------------------------ aero-navo - airship, aeroplano - aeroplane, auto(mobilo) - car, balonego - balloon, batelo - boat, biciklo - bicycle, dilijenco - stage coach, furgono - van, fuzeo - rocket, helikoptero - helicopter, kamiono - lorry, lokomotivo - locomotive, motorbiciklo - motorbike, navo - ship, omnibuso - bus, spaco-navo - spaceship, submerso-navo - submarine, treno - train, vagono - (railway) carriage XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Pri sufixo "-oro" Ye oktobro di 1998 me skribis quale .... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- La komputoro* komputas* la maxim bona (chipa por me) voyo. Konduktoro esas persono qua konduktas "taktikoze" situeso/i a sua "skopo". -ilo : instrumento, qua facas ago indikita per la verba radiko. -oro : mashino, mashino kun karaktero..., roboto* ed anke persono, qua per "taktiko" esforcas bone atingar kelka parti di "skopo" indikita per la verba radiko da karaktero dop la ceno. oro : mineralo, qua per nobleso montras la granda "skopo" di minerali. AspirAToro esas aparato qua aspiras aspir-AT-ajo por certena "skopo" e do generale aspiras "taktikale" ulo dezirATa o nedezirATa. Do onu povus uzar simple o lejere "aspiroro*" vice "aspirAToro". AkumulAToro esas aparato qua akumulas akumulATajo por certena "skopo" e normale akumulas "taktikale" ulo por futurala uzi o kalkulo. Do onu anke povus neoficale uzar "akumuloro*" vice "akumulAToro". Kande onu konsideras ke objekto di verbo esas specala od importanta, onu uzez "-AToro*" ed onu uzez simpla "-oro*" kande onu ne pensas tale. *********************************************************************** tet* por quar Ye junio/1998 me skribis quale .... Kara Sro James CHANDLER (matematikisto): ------------------------------------------------------------------------- "tet*"(<-tetra) = ne'rikonocebla internacione, ma en quar"tet"o, "tet*" esas rikonocebla muzikale (mea jokuro ^_^;) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kompare kun ordinara Europani (ecepte de matemaikisti quala vu), Chini e Japoni povas kalkular mult'ople plu rapide kam Europani, (Deo pardonez mea aroganteso) forsan pro ke li uzas mono'silabala nombri, povante murmurar sua nombri lumesale rapide (mea jokuro). Apud originala poli'silabala nombri di Japoni, tre-tre anciene li pruntis la nombro-sistemo e l'abako de Chinia e pos la tempo dil prunto Japoni esis/as tre famoza en la mondo prol rapideso di sua kalkulado. Quankam "quar" esas mono'silabala, to bezonas plu longa tempo kam altri por prononcesar e haltas glatesa penso'fluado di rapidega kalkulado. Tamen lon onu povas perceptar kande onu laboras kom profesionala kalkulisto, de qua me askoltis la naraco tre instruktoza pri quale uzar la cerebro por rapidege kalkular per tam kurta cifri kam posibla. "tet" esas nur plu kurteta kam "quar" ma en la sumado di mikrega tempi onu recevos la diferanta rezulti pos konkurso kalkulala. Pliz* imaginez rezulti di kalkuli integrala o diferenciala! ***********************************************************************