Jesus of Nazareth: What He Wanted, Who He Was

9. Romano Guardini, “Das Gleichnis vom Säemann,” [3–13], 159–69, in idem, Wahrheit und Ordnung. Universitätspredigten 7 (Wärzburg: Werkbund Verlag, 1956).

10. “The Infancy Gospel of Thomas,” quotations and comments from Oscar Cullmann, “Infancy Gospels,” in Wilhelm Schneemelcher, New Testament Apocrypha, trans. R. McLean Wilson (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1963–65), 1:439–52, at 444.

11. This has been demonstrated especially well by David Trobisch. See his The First Edition of the New Testament (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).

12. Joseph Ratzinger, “Israel, die Kirche und die Welt,” 152–67, in Heute. Pro ecclesia viva. Das Heft der Integrierten Gemeinde 1: Vom Wieder-Einwurzeln im Jüdischen als einer Bedingung für das Einholen des Katholischen (Bad Tölz: Urfeld Verlag, 1994), at 156. Cf. also Joseph Ratzinger/Pope Benedict XVI, Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration, trans. Adrian J. Walker (New York: Doubleday, 2007), xxii.

Chapter 2

1. For an extensive presentation see Norbert Lohfink, “Der Begriff des Gottesreichs vom Alten Testament her gesehen,” 152–205, in idem, Studien zur biblischen Theologie, SBAB 16 (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 1993).

2. On this cf. especially Helmut Merklein, Jesu Botschaft von der Gottesherrschaft. Eine Skizze, 2nd ed., SBS 111 (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 1984), 28–33.

3. Cf. Exod 15:17; 2 Sam 7:10; Isa 60:21; 61:3; Jer 32:41; 42:10; Matt 15:13; Jub. 36:6; PsSol 14:3-5.

4. According to the Sayings Source used by Matthew and Luke the coming judge baptizes “with the Holy Spirit and fire” (Matt 3:11 // Luke 3:16). This is probably an updating to conform to Christian experience of the Spirit. The Greek pneuma can mean not only “spirit” but also “wind” and even “storm.” The Baptizer must have spoken of a baptism of judgment “by storm and fire.”

5. The next seven sections in this chapter refer to Gerhard Lohfink, Does God Need the Church? Toward a Theology of the People of God, trans. Linda M. Maloney (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1999), 134–39; and Gerhard Lohfink, “Die Not der Exegese mit der Reich-Gottes-Verkündigung Jesu,” 383–402, in idem, Studien zum Neuen Testament, SBAB 5 (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 1989).

6. On this see Joachim Jeremias, New Testament Theology, vol. 1: The Proclamation of Jesus, trans. John Bowden (London: SCM, 1974), 43–46.

7. For this paraphrase of “a new teaching—with authority!” cf. Marius Reiser, “Die Charakteristik Jesu im Markusevangelium,” TTZ 119 (2010): 43–57, at 44.

8. I draw the concept of a “humbled shape” from the article by Heinz Schürmann, “Jesu ureigenes Basileia-Verständnis,” 191–237, in Hans Waldenfels, ed., Theologie—Grund und Grenzen. FS Heimo Dolch (Paderborn: Schöningh, 1982), at 219.

Chapter 3

1. Andreas Lindemann, “IV. Neues Testament und spätantikes Judentum,” in “Herrschaft Gottes/Reich Gottes,” TRE 15:172–244, at 196–218.

2. Erich Zenger, “II. Altes Testament,” in “Herrschaft Gottes/Reich Gottes,” TRE 15:172–244, at 176–89.

3. For the interpretation of Daniel 7 I am making use of previously published material. Cf. Gerhard Lohfink and Ludwig Weimer, Maria—nicht ohne Israel. Eine neue Sicht der Lehre von der Unbefleckten Empfängnis (Freiburg: Herder, 2008), 218–23. Here I was guided by Norbert Lohfink, “Der Begriff des Gottesreichs vom Alten Testament her gesehen,” 152–205, in idem, Studien zur biblischen Theologie, SBAB 16 (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 1993), at 196–99.

4. For what follows, see further development in Gerhard Lohfink, Does God Need the Church? Toward a Theology of the People of God (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1999), 26–39.

5. Quotations are from Adolf von Harnack, Das Wesen des Christentums, GTB 227 (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Mohn, 1977). The lecture texts were translated into English and published as What Is Christianity, trans. Thomas Bailey Saunders (London: Williams and Norgate; New York: Putnam, 1901). English quotations are from that publication.

6. What Is Christianity, 37.

7. Ibid., 60.

8. Ibid., 15.