Критическая масса. Как одни явления порождают другие

tephen Hales (1727). Vegetable Staticks. W. & J.Innys & T.Woodward, London, lerbert Spencer (1876). The Principles of Sociology. Quoted in R.Bierstedt, ed. (1959).

The Making of Society, p. 262. Random House, New York.

Jeorg Christoph Lichtenberg, quoted in ECramer (1993). Chaos and Order; p. 2. VCH, Weinheim.

   1 H.D. Thoreau (1856). The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, ed. B.Torrey & F. Allen, vol. 8, pp. 87-88. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1906.

   2 J.W. Gibbs (1906). «On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances.» In The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs, vol. I, ed. H.A. Bumstead & R.G. Van Name. Longmans, Green, New York.

   3 D. W. Thompson (1917). On Growth and Form, p. 503. Revised edition published by Cambridge University Press, 1942, and reprinted in 1992 by Dover, New York.

   4 Ibid., p. 505.

   5 I.Prigogine (1980). From Being To Becoming, p. 106. W.H. Freeman, New York.

   6 J.L. Borges (1956). «The Garden of Forking Paths.» In Labyrinths, pp. 44-54. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1970.

   7 Prigogine, p. 106.

ГЛАВА 6. МАРШ РАЗУМА

ПИГРАФЫ

Jeorg Christoph Lichtenberg, quoted in F.Cramer (1993). Chaos and Order; p. 114. VCH, Weinheim.

Edward A.Ross (1901). Social Control. In R.Bierstedt (1959), The Making of Society, p. 336. Random House, New York.

[einrich von Kleist (1810). On the Marionette Theatre. In Berliner Abendblatter, 12-15 December. Trans. I. Parry in the Times Literary Supplement, 20 October 1978.

¹ A. van Leeuwenhoek (1674). In Antony van Leeuwenhoek and His Little Animals.¹ Trans. & ed C. Dobell (1958). Russell & Russell, New York.

² Hobbes, Leviathan, p. 228.

³ J.K. Parrish & LEdelstein-Keshet (1999). «Complexity, pattern, and evolutionary trade-offs in animal aggregation.» Science 284,99-101, here p. 100.

⁴ Quoted in S.Levy (1992). Artificial Life, p. 74. Jonathan Cape, London.

⁵ Quoted in R.Lewin (1992). Complexity, p. 178. Macmillan, New York.

⁶ Hobbes, Leviathan, p. 225.

⁷ Ibid, pp. 225-26.

^e L F Henderson (1971). «The statistics of crowd fluids.» Nature 229,381.

   * BHilher & J.Hanson (1984). The Social Logic of Space, p. 266. Cambridge University Press.

¹⁰ Ibid.

¹¹ M Batty, J.Desyllas and E.Duxbury (2003). «Safety in numbers? Modelling crowds and designing control for the Notting Hill Carnival.» Urban Studies 40, 1573-90, here p. 1588.

   12 Ramsh & Edelstein-Keshet, p. 101.

   13 P. Ackroyd (2000). London: The Biography, p. 2. Chatto & Windus, London.

   14 Ibid, p. 103.

   15 H Ketl (1787). Quoted in Ackroyd, p. 517.

   16 DDT Chen (2000). The science of smart growth.» Scientific American, December, pp. 84-92.

   17 Ibid.

   18 L Mumford (1938). The Culture of Cities, p. 233. Seeker & Warburg, London.

   19 Ibid, p. 7.

   20 H. Spencer (1876). Principles of Sociology. Quoted in R.Bierstedt, ed. (1959). The Making of Society, p. 262. Random House, New York.

   21 Quoted in I.Petersen (1996). «The shapes of cities.» Science News 149,6 January, p. 9.

   22 H.Simon (1996). The Science$ of the Artificial, 3rd ed., pp. 33-34. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

   23 Ackroyd, p. 588.

ГЛАВА 7. ПУТИ-ДОРОГИ

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Thomas C.Schelling (1978). Micromotives and Macrobehavior, p. 121. W.W. Norton, New York.

Josiah Willard Gibbs, quoted in A.T. Winfree (1980). The Geometry of Biological Tim Springer-Verlag, New York.

Rudyard Kipling (1888). L’Envoi to The Story of the Gadsbys. A.H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad.

   1 R.Moe (1999). Speech on urban sprawl, Red Hills Spring Event Dinner, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 24 March.

ГЛАВА 8. РИТМЫ ТОРГОВОЙ ПЛОЩАДИ

ЭПИГРАФЫ

Samuel Johnson, quoted in R.Heilbroner (2000). The Worldly Philosophers₁7th ed., p. 41. Penguin, London.

George Bernard Shaw (attributed).

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, quoted in R.W. Emerson (1860). The Conduct of Life, p. 197. J.M. Dent, London, 1908.

¹ Heilbroner, p. 57.

² D.Defoe (1706). Review; vol. ii, p. 26. Quoted in D.Donoghue (1988). England, Their England: Commentaries on English Language and Literature, p. 65. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.