Мусорная ДНК. Путешествие в темную материю генома

13. Visser M, Kayser M, Palstra RJ. HERC2 rsl2913832 modulates human pigmentation by attenuating chromatin-loop formation between a long-range enhancer and the OCA2 promoter. Genome Res. 2012 Mar; 22(3):446 455.

14. Наиболее современный каталог см. в: www.genome.gov/gwas-tudies.

15. Hindorff LA, Sethupathy P, Junkins HA, Ramos EM, Mehta JP, Collins FS, Manolio TA. Potential étiologie and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. Proc Natl Acad Set USA. 2009 Jun 9;106(23):9362-7.

16. Gorkin DU, Ren B. Genetics: Closing the distance on obesity culprits. Nature. 2014 Mar 20;507(7492):309-10.

17. Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgren CM, Perry JR, Elliott KS, Lango H, Rayner NW, Shields B, Harries LW, Barrett JC, Ellard S, Groves CJ, Knight B, Patch AM, NessAR, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ring SM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Bennett AJ, Melzer D, Ferrucci L, Loos RJ, Barroso I, Wareham NJ, Karpe F, Owen KR, Cardon LR, Walker M, Hitman GA, Palmer CN, Doney AS, Morris AD, Smith GD, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):889-94.

18. Scuteri A, Sanna S, Chen WM, Uda M, Albai G, Strait J, Najjar S, Nagaraja R, Orrü M, UsalaG, Dei M, LaiS, Maschio A, BusoneroF, Mulas A, Ehret GB, Fink AA, Weder AB, Cooper RS, Galan P, Chakravarti A, Schlessinger D, Cao A, Lakatta E, Abecasis GR. Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. PLoSGenet. 2007 Jul; 3(7):e115.

19. Church C, Moir L, McMurray F, Girard C, Banks GT, Teboul L, Wells S, Brüning JC, Nolan PM, Ashcroft FM, Cox RD. Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity. Nat Genet. 2010 Dec; 42(12):1086 92.

20. Fischer J, Koch L, Emmerling C, Vierkotten J, Peters T, Brüning JC, Rüther U. Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity. Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458 (7240):894-8.

21. Smemo S, Tena JJ, Kim KH, Gamazon ER, Sakabe NJ, Gômez-Marin C, Aneas I, Credidio FL, Sobreira DR, Wasserman NF, Lee JH, Puviindran V, Tam D, Shen M, Son JE, Vakili NA, Sung HK, Naranjo S, Acemel RD, Manzanares M, Nagy A, Cox NJ, Hui CC, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Nôbrega MA. Obesity-associated variants within FTO form long-range functional connections with IRX3. Nature. 2014 Mar 20;507( 7492):371-5.

22. Недавний обзор работ в этой сфере: Trent RJ, Cheong PL, Chua EW, Kennedy MA. Progressing the utilisation of pharmacogenetics and pharma-cogenomics into clinical care. Pathology. 2013 Jun; 45(4):357-70.

23. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Herceptin/Pages/Introduction.aspx.

24. http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gleevec-the-break-through-in-cancer-treatment-565.

25. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/fda-crizotinib.

Глава 16

1. Примеры таких случаев можно найти в: http://medicalmisdiagnosisresearch.wordpress.com/category/osteogeiiesis-imperfecta-misdiag-nosed-as-child-abuse.

2. Хорошее описание симптомов и генетики этого заболевания см. в: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta.

3. Cho TJ, Lee KE, Lee SK, Song SJ, Kim KJ, Jeon D, Lee G, Kim HN, Lee HR, Eom HH, Lee ZH, Kim OH, Park WY, Park SS, Ikegawa S, Yoo WJ, Choi IH, Kim JW. A single recurrent mutation in the 5'-UTR of 1FITM5 causes osteogenesis imperfecta type V. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Aug 10;91(2):343-8.

4. Semler O, Garbes L, Keupp K, Swan D, Zimmermann K, Becker J, Iden S, Wirth B, Eysel P, Koerber F, Schoenau E, BohlanderSK, Wollnik B, Netzer C. A mutation in the 5'-UTR of IFITM5 creates an in-frame start codon and causes autosomal-dominant osteogenesis imperfecta type V with hyperplastic callus. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Aug 10;91(2):349-57.

5. Moffatt P, Gaumond MH, Salois P, Sellin К, Bessette MC, Godin E, de Oliveira PT, Atkins GJ, Nanci A, Thomas G. Bril: a novel bone-specific modulator of mineralization.«/ Bone Miner Res. 2008 Sep: 23(9): 1497-508.

6. Liu L, Dilworth D, Gao L, Monzon J, Summers A, Lassam N, Hogg D. Mutation of the CDKN2A 5' UTR creates an aberrant initiation codon and predisposes to melanoma. Nat Genet. 1999 Jan; 21(1):128-32.

7. Tietze JK, Pfob M, Eggert M, von Preußen A, Mehraein Y, Ruzicka T, Herzinger T. A non-coding mutation in the 5' untranslated region of patched homologue 1 predisposes to basal cell carcinoma. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Dec; 22(12):834-5.