Нации и этничность в гуманитарных науках

Подводя итоги, необходимо подчеркнуть, что английский пример никак не может считаться исключительным. На уровне массового сознания, нередко под влиянием политической пропаганды, история народа может ассоциироваться (и подчас и подменяется) с историей региона. Например, современные жители Египта и Македонии очень часто ссылаются на достижения «своих предков» в глубокой древности.

Ключевые слова: Средние века; бритты; история земли; коллективная идентичность; историческая традиция.

HISTORY OF A LAND OR HISTORY OF A NATION: APPROPRIATIONS OF THE OTHERS’ PAST IN ENGLISH MEDIEVAL HISTORICAL TRADITION

It is evident that mythologized and heroicized images of the past play an important role in the formation of collective identities (ethnic, as well as political, religious, s о cio-cultural, etc.). This article discusses the formation of a linear history of Britain in the writings of English medieval authors. On the one hand, the notion of several separate historical periods (British, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Danish and Norman) separated by various conquests was formed quite early and is still relevant. On the other hand, the authors of grand historical narratives often described different famous ‘natives’ of the island (consciously or not) as ‘ours’, regardless of their real (or literary) ethnicity: mythic Albina and her sisters, legendary Brutus and his Trojans, Empress Helena and her son Constantine the Great, King Arthur, and Richard the Lionheart. For some chroniclers the history of the land (island) began to dominate over histories of different peoples that lived there. This article focuses on some particular episodes of the appropriation of the past by English historians and elites, especially, on the appropriation of the British past.

It’s important, however, to emphasise that the English case was by no means unique: in mass perceptions, often influenced by political propaganda, the history of a people is often substituted with a history of a land. For example, the inhabitants of contemporary Egypt and Macedonia often refer to the achievements of their ‘ancestors’.

Keywords: history of Britain; history of the land; collective identities; chronicles; Middle Ages.

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