Османская империя. Шесть веков истории

Шиизм: политико-религиозное движение, сформировавшееся вокруг «последователей Али», четвертого халифа Пророка и его потомков. Оно включает несколько ветвей, например: шииты-двунадесятники, исмаилиты, зейдизм и анатолийские группы кызылбаши.

Эмин (emin): управляющий, официальный представитель.

Эмир (amir, ар.): военачальник, губернатор.

Эялет (eyalet): крупная провинция.

Юрюк (yuruk): букв. «тот, кто ходит»; группы кочевников-скотоводов; вспомогательный корпус в османской армии.

Янычары: элитный пехотный корпус и личная охрана султана во время военных действий.

Яса (yasa; toru): высший закон в средневековых тюркских политических формированиях.

Яя (yaya): букв. «тот, кто идет пешком»; пехота.

Библиография

Abdullah T. A. J. Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra. Albany: SUNY, 2001.

Abou-El-Haj R. A. The Formal Closure of the Ottoman Frontier in Europe: 1699–1703 // Journal of the American Oriental Society. 1969. 89/3. P. 467–475.

Abou-El-Haj R. A. The Ottoman Vezir and Pasa Households, 1683–1703; a Preliminary Report // Journal of the American Oriental Society. 1974. 94/4. P. 438–447.

Abu-Manneh B. The Husaynis. The Rise of a Notable Family in Eighteenth-Century Palestine // Kushner D. (dir.). Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period. Political Social and Economic Transformation / Jerusalem; Leyde; Yad Izhak ben-Zvi: Brill, 1986. P. 93–108.

Adab and Modernity. A «Civilising Process»? (Sixteenth-Twenty-First Century) / dir. C. Mayeur-Jaouen. Leyde: Brill, 2019.

Afyoncu E. Tanzimat Oncesi Osmanl? Imparatorlugunda Burokrasi // Turkiye Gunlugu. 1999. 58. P. 182–190.

Agmon I. Family and Court. Legal Culture and Modernity in Late Ottoman Palestine. New York: Syracuse UP, 2006.

Agoston G. Guns for the Sultan. Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005.

Akarl? E. D. Economic Policy and Budgets in Ottoman Turkey, 1876–1909 // Middle Eastern Studies. 1992. 28. P. 443–476.

Akarl? E. D. The Long Peace: Ottoman Lebanon, 1861–1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Akcam T. The Young Turks’ Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2012.

Akcam T. Ordres de tuer. Les telegrammes de Talaat Pacha et le genocide des Armeniens / trad. de l’anglais. Paris: CNRS, 2020.

Akdag M. Turkiye’nin Iktisadi ve Ictimai Tarihi. Istanbul: Yap? Kredi Yay?nlar?, 2018 (reed.).

Akdemir M. Sad?k. XVIII. Yuzy?l?n Ilk Yar?s?nda Isparta: Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Kulturel Hayat. Isparta: Isparta Valiligi Il Kultur ve Turizm Mudurlugu, 2008.

Aksakal M. The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008.

Aksan V. An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700–1783. Leyde: Brill, 1995.

Aksan V. The Ottoman Wars 1700–1870: An Empire Besieged. Harlow: Pearson; Longman, 2007.

Aksan V. The Ottoman Military and State Transformation in a Globalizing World // Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 2007. 27/2. P. 259–272.

Aksay M. Hicaz Demiryolu Fotograf Albumu. Istanbul: Al Baraka Turk Yay, 1999.

Aktepe M. Munir. Patrona Isyan? (1730). Istanbul: Istanbul Universitesi Edebiyat Fakultesi, 1958.

Aky?ld?z A. Tanzimat Donemi Osmanl? Merkez Teskilat?nda Reform. Istanbul: Eren, 1993.

Alderson A. The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Westport: Greenwood, 1982.

Alexandrescu-Dersca M. M. La campagne de Timur en Anatolie (1402). Londres: VR, 1977.

Algar H. Jami and the Ottomans // d’Hubert T., Papas A. (dir.). Jami in Regional Contexts. The Reception of ?Abd al-Rahman Jami’s Works in the Islamicate World, ca. 9th / 15th-14th / 20th Century. Leyde: Brill, 2018. P. 63–135.

Allouche A. The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict, 906–962/1500–1555. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1983.

Ambraseys N., Finkel C. The Seismicity of Turkey and Adjacent Areas: A Historical Review, 1500–1800. Istanbul: Eren, 1995.

Andrews W. G., Kalpakl? M. The Age of Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society. Durham: Duke UP, 2005.

Asceric-Todd I. Dervishes and Islam in Bosnia: Sufi Dimensions to the Formation of Bosnian Muslim Society. Leyde: Brill, 2015. P. 34–35, 83–92.

Aslanian S. From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011.