Oxford Business English Dictionary for Learners of English

to go from one place to another, especially over a long distance: to travel abroad/overseas о I travel a lot on business.

to go or move at a particular speed, in a particular direction, or a particular distance: These vehicles can travel at up to 240 kph.

noun [u]

the act or activity of travelling: The post involves a considerable amount of foreign travel, о Many companies are now cutting their travel expenses, о Remember to take out travel insurance before leaving on your trip.

air/car/rail travel ♦ domestic/foreign/ international/overseas travel ♦ business/corporate/ leisure travel ♦ travel budgets/costs/expenses ♦ the travel business/industry/market/sector ♦ a travel company/firm/operator

'travel .agency noun [c] a company that arranges travel and/or accommodation for people going on a holiday/ vacation or journey

'travel agent noun [c]

a person or business whose job is to make arrangements for people wanting to travel, for example, buying tickets or arranging hotel rooms

travel agent's (plural travel agents) a shop/store where you can go to arrange a holiday/vacation, etc: She works in a travel agent's.

tour operator

traveler = traveller

'travelers check = traveller's cheque

traveling = travelling

traveller {AmE spelling usually traveler) /'traevala(r)/ noun [C]

see also: commercial traveller

a person who is travelling or who often travels: The airline is popular with business travellers, о She's a frequent traveller to Belgium. sales representative

'traveller's cheque (ЛmE-spellingtraveler's check) noun [C]

a cheque for a fixed amount, sold by a bank or travel agent that can be exchanged for cash in foreign countries

travelling (AmE spelling usually traveling) j'traevdhr)/adjective, noun

adjective [only before noun]

going from place to place: travelling salespeople

used when you travel: a small travelling bag

noun [u]

the act of travelling: The job requires a lot of travelling, о travelling expenses

treasurer /чгезэгэ(г)/ noun [c] a person who is responsible for the money and accounts of an organization or a club: She worked as assistant treasurer at/of a large oil company, о The treasurer presented his report. О (a) company/corporate/group treasurer

Treasuries /Чгезэпг/ = Treasury bond

treasury /Чгезэп/ noun [sing, with sing./pl. verb] the Treasury in the UK, the US and some other countries, the government department that controls public money: the US treasury secretary о

577 trend line

The Treasury expects GDP growth of 2.5 to 3 per cent this year.

'Treasury bill (also T-bill) noun [c](Finance) in the UK and the US, a form of borrowing by the government for short periods of time, on which no interest is paid. Treasury bills are bought at less than their value.

'Treasury bond (also 'T-bond) noun [c] (also 'Treasuries [pl.])

(Finance) in the US, a bond issued by the government for a long period of time, that pays interest

'treasury .management = cash management

'Treasury note noun [c, usually pl.] (Finance) in the US, a form of government borrowing for between one and ten years, that pays interest

'treasury stock noun [u]

(Finance) shares that a company has issued but has bought back from public investors

treat /tri:tI verb [+ obj]

to behave in a particular way towards sb/sth: Treat your customers with respect in all circumstances, о They felt they had been treated fairly by the disciplinary committee, о The unions wanted pensions to be treated as deferred pay.

to deal with or discuss sth in a particular way: These optimistic forecasts should be treated with caution.

to use a chemical substance or process to clean, protect, preserve, etc. sth: wood treated with preservative

treatment /'triitmant/ noun

[u] a way of behaving towards or dealing with a person or thing: The union is demanding equal treatment for agency and permanent staff, о The bank is to change its treatment of bad debts.

[u,C] a way of dealing with or discussing sth: The book is an interesting treatment of how to measure employee success in the workplace.

[u,C] a process by which sth is cleaned, protected, preserved, etc. with a chemical substance: a sewage/water treatment plant

treaty /'tri:ti/ noun [c] (plural treaties)

see also: commercial treaty, private treaty

trial 578

chart connecting high or low points: a downward sloping trend line on the Footsie

trial /'traial/ noun, verb

noun

see also: blind trial, clinical free ~

[cl the process of testing the quality or performance of a product to see if it will be effective or successful: The new drug is undergoing early-stage clinical trials.

О early-stage/initial/late-stage/mid-stage trials [26] drug/safety trials * to carry out/conduct/run/take part in/undergo trials

[c.u] the process of using a product or service, employing a person, etc. for a short period before you make a decision about it or them: You can give the service a trial before you make up your mind, о The system was introduced on a trial basis for six months, о She agreed to employ me for a trial period, о We had the machine on trial for a week.

[u.c] a formal examination of evidence in a court by a judge and often a jury, to decide if sb accused of a crime is guilty or not: The former CEO is to stand trial for fraud.

О to await/face/go on/stand trial * to come to/go to trial

verb [+ obj] (-II-, BrE, AmE-I-) (especially BrE)

to test the quality or performance of a product to see if it will be effective or successful: They trialled the product with 20 of their best customers, о Only one in ten drugs which are trialled on humans makes it to the market. ► 'trialling noun [u]

'trial balancenoun [c, usually sing ] (abbr t b.) (Accounting) a list of all the balances in a company's accounts at a particular date, used to check that debits and credits are equal and that everything has been recorded accurately

'trial .offernoun [c] the opportunity to use a product or service free or at a low cost for a short period before you decide if you want to buy it: Take up our trial offer and get three free issues of the magazine, о trial offers of new software

tribunal /trai'bju:nl/ noun [c] a type of court with the authority to deal with a particular problem or disagreement: She took her case to a tribunal, о Tribunal hearings are less formal than court sessions.

an appeals/arbitration/employment/a disciplinary tribunal * to bring sth before/go to/ refer sth to/take sb/sth to a tribunal

trickle /■ trikl/ verb, noun

verb [no obj]

to go, or to make sth go, somewhere slowly or gradually: Last month orders only trickled in. о Investors are trickling back into the market after the long holiday.

LiiiilU ,trickle 'down (especially about money) to spread from rich to poor people through the economic system of a country: The rising costs are trickling down to millions of customers. -» trickle- down

noun [c, usually sing.]

a small amount or number of sth, coming or going slowly: There has been a steady trickle of redundancies over the last few months, о The crisis has slowed exports to a trickle.

'trickle-down noun [u]

(Economics) (in an economic system) the way in which the poorest people benefit as a result of the increasing wealth of the richest: There has been no trickle-down of economic growth to the average family.

2 used to describe a process where people at the bottom level of an organization or a system eventually start to have, do, etc. sth that people at a higher level had, did, etc. first: Once the company improved its quality control, the trickle-down effect meant that its suppliers improved their quality too. trickle down at trickle verb

trigger /'triga(r)/ noun, verb

noun [c, usually sing.]

something that is the cause of a particular reaction or development, especially a bad one: The trigger for the strike was the closure of another factory.

verb [+ obj]

to make sth happen suddenly: The release of the results triggered a sharp fall in the group's share price.

to cause a device to start functioning: Opening this door will trigger a security alarm.

trigger point noun [c] a level or rate that is reached, or an event that happens, which causes action to be taken: His frequent absence from work had reached the trigger point for formal action to be taken.

trim /trim/ verb [+ obj] (-mm-) to make sth smaller by cutting parts from it: (figurative) 20% of staff are to be trimmed by May. о We must trim the training budget by 20 000. [Ed trim (the) 'fat if a business trims the fat, it reduces or removes unnecessary expenses, for example by reducing the number of workers: They have trimmed the fat out of their production process.

trip /trip/ noun [C] see also: business trip, round trip

'trophy wifeпоивМ:] (informal) a young attractive woman who is married to an older senior businessman and is thought of as sth that impresses other people and shows that the man is successful (a trophy)

troubled /ЧглЬМ/ adjective [usually before noun] (often used in newspapers) having a lot of problems: Analysts expect the troubled company to be broken up or sold, о Investors are not willing to take risks in these troubled times.

troubleshoot /ЧглЪЦи-Л/ verb [+ obj or no obj] (troubleshot, troubleshot /'trAblJot; AmE-Ja:t/)

to try to solve problems that sb/sth has: She is responsible for troubleshooting problems with clients.

[IT) to find and solve problems in a mechanical or an electronic system: An IT consultant visits the company every Monday to troubleshoot.

'troubleshooting noun [U]

troubleshooter /чглЬЦи^э(г)/ noun [c] a person who helps to solve problems in a company or an organization

trough Itrof; AmE tro:f/ noun, verb

noun [c]

a period of time when the level of sth is low, especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing: The rate fell to a trough of3% last year, о The pension fund invested in bonds to avoid the peaks and troughs of the stock market. [oppI peak—Picture at business cycle

verb [no obj]

if a price, a rate, a decrease, etc. troughs it reaches its lowest level: Analysts believe that interest rates have troughed at 4%. IoppI peak

truck/trAk/ noun, verb

noun [c]

see also: forklift truck, panel pickup ~ 579 TSR

trust /tTASt/ noun

see also: brains trust, breach of business deed of discretionary investment living unit ~

(Finance; Law) [c,U] an arrangement in which a group of people or an organization (the trustees) have legal control of money or property for another person or group of people (the beneficiary/ beneficiaries); an amount of money or property that is controlled in this way: He set up a trust for his children, о The money will be held in trust until she is 18. о Our fees depend on the value of the trust. о a bank's trust department

(Finance) [C] an organization or a group of people that invests money that is given or lent to it: Shareholders in a small number of trusts may lose virtually all of their capital, о The money to set up these trusts is to be provided by local industries, о a charitable trusts investment company

О to create/establish/manage/set up a trust ♦ a trust board/manager

(Economics) [C] (especially AmE) a group of companies that work together illegally to reduce competition: antitrust laws

trustbuster /'trAstbAsta(r)/ noun [c] (especially AmE)

(Law) a person or an organization that works to prevent groups of companies from working together illegally ►'trustbusting noun [u]

'trust deed (also .deed of 'trust, trust .instrument) noun [c]

(Law) a legal document that creates a trust. It states the purpose of the trust, how it must be run and who the trustees and beneficiaries are: Under the terms of the trust deed, the trustees can decide how to invest any profit.

trustee /trA'sti:/ noun [C]

(Law) a person or an organization that is responsible for managing money or property for another person or group of people: The pension fund will continue to be managed by the board of trustees, [syn! fiduciary -> beneficiary

trustee in 'bankruptcynoun [c](Law) a person chosen by a court to manage the affairs of a bankrupt company or person, sell its/ their property and pay its/their debts where possible

trusteeship /trA'stiijip/ noun [u.c] (Law) the job of being a trustee; a situation where money or property is controlled by a trustee: He has agreed to place his shares in a trusteeship for the next two years.

'trust fundnoun [c](Finance) money, property and other assets that are held for sb by an organization or a group of people: The money from the sale of the products is put into a trust fund.

'trust .instrument = trust deed

'trust re.ceiptnoun [c](Finance) a document that is given to a bank by a company that has accepted goods but cannot pay for them at that time, to say that the bank owns the goods. The bank pays for the goods and the company pays back the money later, for example when the goods have been sold.

the .Truth in 'Lending Actnoun [sing ] a law in the US that protects consumers by saying that companies who lend money must give full information about the cost of the loan and the annual rate of interest

TSR /.ti: es 'a:(r)/ = total shareholder return

ТТМ 580

TTM ti: ti:'em/= time то market

TUC /,ti: ju: si:/ abbr Trades Union Congress in

the UK and some other countries, an organization to which many trade unions belong -» AFL-CIO

tumble f'tAmbl/ verb [no obj] to fall rapidly in value or amount: Shares tumbled 8 per cent to 460yen. о The euro tumbled sharply against the dollar yesterday, ►'tumble noun [C]: Shares in the troubled company took a sharp tumble yesterday.

tune /tju:n; AmE tu:n/ noun, verb

noun

ШШ to the tune of sth

used to emphasize how much money sth has cost: loans to the tune of $92 million -» idiom at call verb

verb [+ obj]

see also: fine-tune

of time: We turn over £3.5 million a year. -» turnover (1) .turn sth 'over (Commerce) (about a shop/store) to sell goods and replace them: A supermarket turns over its stock very quickly. -> turnover (3) .turn sth 'over to sb/sth to give the control of sth to sb else: He turned the business over to his daughter.

noun [C]

see also: inventory turn, out-~, stock ~

a change in what is happening: Analysts are predicting a turn in the economy, о a downward turn in the company's fortunes

(Finance) the difference between the buying and selling price of shares or other financial products; the profit that is made: They were only interested in making a quick turn on the shares.

-» idiom at take verb

turnaround /'t3:naraund; AmE 't3:rn-/ (BrEalso 'turnround) noun [C, usually sing.]

the amount of time it takes to do and return a piece of work that you have been given: They guarantee a 2-day turnaround for small printing jobs.

a situation in which sth changes from bad to good: The past six months has seen a dramatic turnaround in the company's fortunes.

the amount of time it takes to unload a ship or plane at the end of one journey and load it again for the next one

-» turn around at turn verb

'turnaround .management (BrEalso

'turnround ~) noun [u]

the act of making changes to a failing company in order to make it more successful; the study of this subject

turndown /'t3:ndaun; AmE Чз:гп-/ noun [C]

a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker: market turndowns о We're in a turndown in the economy. [synl downturn turn down at turn verb

a refusal; not being accepted for a job, position, etc. -» turn sb/sth down at turn verb

turnkey /'t3:nki:; AmE Чз.тп-/ adjective [usually before noun]

(IT) used to describe a product or service, especially a computer system, that is supplied in a complete form, ready for the buyer to use: turnkey systems

(Commerce) used to describe a large project that one company designs, builds and provides equipment for on behalf of another, so that it is completely ready to use at the end of the contract: We provide our clients with a complete turnkey operation, о a turnkey contract to build an airport terminal

turnover /'t3:nauva(r); AmE 't3:rnou-/ noun [C, usually sing., U]

see also: asset turnover, capital inventory sales stock ~

(Accounting) the total value of goods or services sold by a company during a particular period of time: The firm has an annual turnover of

$75 million. Isyni sales revenue О annual/daily/first-half/full-year/yearly turnover ♦ an overall/a total/worldwide turnover ♦ a high/ low/strong turnover

(HR) the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by other people: The factory has a high turnover of staff, о plans to prevent avoidable turnover о Our turnover rate last year was 3%.

О employee/labour/staff turnover ♦ a high/low

turnover

(Accounting; Commerce) the rate at which goods are sold in a shop/store and replaced by others: Special offers help to ensure a fast turnover of stock. о the stock turnover rate

О a fast/rapid turnover

(Stock Exchange) the total value of the business done on a stock exchange during a particular period of time; the total number of shares bought and sold: Market turnover was 2.6 billion shares.

light/heavy turnover

'turnover .rationoun [c, usually sing.] [Finance) the relationship between the value of shares, bonds, etc. that a fund buys or sells in a particular period and the average total value that it holds during the period

'turnover taxnoun [u; sing.] [Economics) tax that a company pays on the money received from the sale of goods

turnround /'t3:nraund; AmEЧз:т-/ = turnaround

turnround .management = turnaround

management

TVR /,ti: vi: 'a:(r)/ = television rating

twentysomething /'twentisAmeig/ noun [c] (informaf)

a person who is between twenfy and twenty-nine years old: a staff of young, ambitious twentysomethings thirtysomething

twisting /'twistirj/ noun [u] [Insurance) when an agent sells insurance to a customer based on a dishonest comparison of products

,tWO-'tier adjective [only before noun] (about a system) having two levels: a two-tier system of interest rates о a two-tier workforce (= where people are paid different rates for doing the same job) о They operate a two-tier structure with management and supervisory boards.

.two-'wayadjective [usually before noun]

moving in two different directions; allowing sth to move in two different directions: two-way trade

involving two people or groups: a two-way battle for ownership of the company 581 UMTS

3 (about communication between people) with each person or side playing an equal role: They maintain a two-way dialogue with their customers through their website.

tycoon /tai'ku:n/ noun [C] a person who is successful in business or industry and has become rich and powerful: He is one of the world's wealthiest business tycoons. See note at

baron

О a business/media/an oil/a property tycoon type /taip/ verb, noun

verb [+ obj or no obj]

see also: touch-type

to write sth using the keyboard of a computer, etc: I taught myself to type, о I just need to type an email, о Type the url into the address box. -» key ► 'typing noun [u]: typingerrors 'typist noun [c]: I'm quite a fast typist.

ШИ9 .type sth 'up to type sth that was written by hand, often in the form of notes: I haven't typed up the minutes of the meeting yet.

noun [u]

see also: display type

letters that are printed or typed: The warning is written in small type on the back of the packet.

typeface /'taipfeis/ noun [c] a set of letters, numbers, etc. of a particular design, used in printing: The heading should be in a different typeface from the text.

typescript /'taipskript/ noun [c.u]

a copy of a text or document that has been typed typewritten /'taipritn/ adjective written using the keyboard of a computer, etc: The report is 20 typewritten pages long.

tyrekicker [also spelled tyre kicker in BrE) [AmE spelling tirekicker, tire kicker) /'tai9kika(r); AmE 'taiarkikar/ noun [C]

(Marketing, informaf) a possible customer who asks a lot of questions about a product but never buys anything idiom at kick

U u