Почему тело дает сбой. Как ежедневные привычки могут незаметно нас убивать

can dictate the behavior of macrophages and other immune cells: См., например: Jose E. Galgani and Diego García, “Chapter 25: Role of Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fat in Obesity-Related Inflammation”, in Inflammation, Advancing Age and Nutrition, ed. Irfan Rahman and Debasis Bagchi (San Diego: Academic Press, 2014); Robert Caesar et al., “Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Dietary Lipids Aggravates WAT Inflammation through Tlr Signaling”, Cell Metabolism 22, no. 4 (2015); Yan Y. Lam et al., “Effects of Dietary Fat Profile on Gut Permeability and Microbiota and Their Relationships with Metabolic Changes in Mice”, Obesity 23, no. 7 (July 1, 2015); Christopher K. Glass and Jerrold M. Olefsky, “Inflammation and Lipid Signaling in the Etiology of Insulin Resistance”, Cell Metabolism 15 (May 2, 2012).

Насыщенные жиры активируют NF-κB: См., например: C. Lawrence Kien et al., “Lipidomic Evidence That Lowering the Typical Dietary Palmitate to Oleate Ratio in Humans Decreases the Leukocyte Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Muscle Expression of Redox-Sensitive Genes”, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 26, no. 12 (Dec. 1, 2015); David L. Katz, Rachel S. C. Friedman, and Sean C. Lucan, Nutrition in Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Manual for the Practitioner (Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2015); Rupali Deopurkar et al., “Differential Effects of Cream, Glucose, and Orange Juice on Inflammation, Endotoxin, and the Expression of Toll-Like Receptor‑4 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling‑3”, Diabetes Care 33, no. 5 (2010).

Они подталкивают макрофаги к формированию инфламмасомы: Megan M. Robblee et al., “Saturated Fatty Acids Engage an Ire1– Dependent Pathway to Activate the Nlrp3 Inflammasome in Myeloid Cells”, Cell Reports 14, no. 11 (2016); Suzanne Devkota et al., “Dietary-FatInduced Taurocholic Acid Promotes Pathobiont Expansion and Colitis in Il‑10 Mice”, Nature 487, no. 7405 (July 1, 2012); Haitao Wen et al., “Fatty Acid– Induced Nlrp3-Asc Inflammasome Activation Interferes with Insulin Signaling”, Nature Immunology 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2011).

в результате чего он начинает только способствовать воспалению: Stephen J. Nicholls et al., “Consumption of Saturated Fat Impairs the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of HighDensity Lipoproteins and Endothelial Function”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48, no. 4 (Aug. 15, 2006).

способствует активному размножению воспалительных бактерий: Justin Sonnenburg and Erica Sonnenburg, The Good Gut: Taking Control of Your Weight, Your Mood, and Your Long-Term Health (New York: Penguin, 2016); Melisa A. Bailey and Hannah D. Holscher, “Microbiome-Mediated Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflammation”, Advances in Nutrition 9, no. 3 (2018); Tien S. Dong and Arpana Gupta, “Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome”, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 17, no. 2 (Jan. 2019); Suzanne Devkota and Eugene B. Chang, “Nutrition, Microbiomes, and Intestinal Inflammation”, Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 29, no. 6 (2013).

обладает гораздо меньшим воспалительным действием: David L. Katz, Kim Doughty, and Ather Ali, “Cocoa and Chocolate in Human Health and Disease”, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 15, no. 10 (Nov.15, 2011).

помог подтвердить эту идею: Frank M. Sacks et al., “Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association”, Circulation 136, no. 3 (July 18, 2017).

В 1980 году Уиллетт начал собирать данные: Walter Willett, interview with author, Feb. 2020.

одному из крупнейших эпидемиологических исследований в истории нутрициологии: “Nurses’ Health Study”, accessed Nov. 8, 2021, https://nurseshealthstudy. org/.

наибольшее внимание в медицинской литературе: См., например: Cristina Nocella et al., “Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Diseases: Benefits for Human Health”, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders – Drug Targets 18, no. 1 (2018); Lukas Schwingshackl, Marina Christoph, and Georg Hoffmann, “Effects of Olive Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Function – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Nutrients 7, no. 9 (Sept. 11, 2015).

защищают от многих хронических воспалительных заболеваний: Cheng Luo et al., “Nut Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, no. 1 (2014); Marta Guasch-Ferré et al., “Frequency of Nut Consumption and Mortality Risk in the Predimed Nutrition Intervention Trial”, BMC Medicine 11 (July 16, 2013); Cyril W. C. Kendall et al., “Nuts, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes”, British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 4 (2010).