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“Preventing from Pernicious Ways”: Jewish Movement in the late Soviet Union and the Reproduction of Intolerance

Galina Zelenina

Russian State University for the Humanities,

Moscow, Russia

The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy

and Public Administration,

Moscow, Russia

ORCID: 0000–0001–9411–4102

Ph.D. in History, Associate Professor

Department of Jewish Theology, Biblical and Jewish Studies,

Russian State University for the Humanities

6 Miusskaya sq., bld. 1, office 605, 125993 GSP-3 Moscow, Russia

Tel.: +7 495 250 64 70

Senior Researcher

The School for the Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The Russian

Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

Prospekt Vernadskogo, 82, bld. 9, 119606 Moscow Russia

E-mail: galinazelenina@gmail.com

DOI: 10.31168/2658–3356.2022.9

Abstract. Drawing on ego-documents, samizdat, and oral histories, this article examines Soviet Jewish refuseniks’ attitudes to two of their Jewish Others: Judeo-Christians and so-called noshrim – that is, Jews who used Israeli visas to emigrate to the USA or other Western countries. It describes how refusniks marginalized and transformed Judeo-Christians and noshrim into inner enemies, and discusses the probable patterns and reasons for this intolerance in the contexts of Jewish history, the sociology of envy, and studies on the Soviet personality and collective values.

Keywords: Jewish national movement, USSR, emigration, Refuseniks, Judeo-Christians, Jewish history, Soviet Jewry, Soviet collective

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