Простое начало. Как четыре закона физики формируют живой мир

9 Antoniou A. et al. Average risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations detected in case series unselected for family history: A combined analysis of 22 studies. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2003; 72: 1117–1130.

10 Edwards R. G. et al. Early stages of fertilization in vitro of human oocytes matured in vitro. Nature. 1969; 221: 632–635.

11 Подробный разбор научного, исторического и социального контекстов искусственного оплодотворения см. в Ball P. Unnatural: The Heretical Idea of Making People. London, first edition: Bodley Head, 2011.

12 Harris L. The Life poll. Life. 1969; 66 (23): 52–55.

13 Kiefer H. M. Gallup brain: The birth of in vitro fertilization. Gallup.com. 2003; August 5 (https://news.gallup.com/poll/8983/Gallup-Brain-Birth-Vitro-Fertilization.aspx).

14 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Science Daily 2018; July 3 (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180703084127.htm).

15 Danish Health and Medicines Authority, 2017 assisted reproduction report.

16 Cimadomo D. et al. The impact of biopsy on human embryo developmental potential during preimplantation genetic diagnosis. BioMed Research International. 2016; e7193075; Stern H. J. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: Prenatal testing for embryos finally achieving its potential. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2014; 3: 280–309.

17 Karavani E. et al. Screening human embryos for polygenic traits has limited utility. Cell. 2019; 179: 1424–1435.e8.

18 Wills M. When forced sterilization was legal in the U. S. JSTOR Daily. 2017; August 3 (https://daily.jstor.org/when-forced-sterilization-was-legal-in-the-u-s/).

19 DenHoed A. The forgotten lessons of the American eugenics movement. New Yorker. 2016; April 27 (https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-forgotten-lessons-of-the-american-eugenics-movement); Zimmer C. She Has Her Mother's Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity (1st ed.). New York: Dutton, 2018.

20 Robinson M. R. et al. Genetic evidence of assortative mating in humans. Nature Human Behaviour. 2017; 1: 1–13.

Глава 15. Как мы пишем ДНК

1 Wendt D. Two tons of pig parts: Making insulin in the 1920s. O Say Can You See? (blog for the National Museum of American History). 2013; November 1 (https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2013/11/two-tons-of-pig-parts-making-insulin-in-the-1920s.html); Cloning insulin. Genentech. 2016 (https://www.gene.com/stories/cloning-insulin).

2 Простое иллюстрированное объяснение бактериальной трансформации можно найти на сайте «Академии Хана»: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-cloning-tutorial/a/bacterial-transformation-selection. Более подробные протоколы этапов трансформации, позволяющие понять, как эти процедуры выглядят в реальности, можно найти на сайтах поставщиков расходных материалов и реактивов – например, https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cloning/cloning-learning-center/invitrogen-school-of-molecular-biology/molecular-cloning/transformation.html.

3 Cohen S. N. et al. Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1973; 70: 3240–3244.