Russia

Sectarianism—Two Kinds of Heresy—Probable Future of the Heretical

Sects—Political Disaffection.

CHAPTER XVIII

CHAPTER XVIII

THE DISSENTERS

Dissenters not to be Confounded with Heretics—Extreme Importance

Attached to Ritual Observances—The Raskol, or Great Schism in the

Seventeenth Century—Antichrist Appears!—Policy of Peter the Great

and Catherine II.—Present Ingenious Method of Securing Religious

Toleration—Internal Development of the Raskol—Schism among the

Schismatics—The Old Ritualists—The Priestless People—Cooling of the

Fanatical Enthusiasm and Formation of New Sects—Recent Policy of

the Government towards the Sectarians—Numerical Force and Political

Significance of Sectarianism.

CHAPTER XIX

CHAPTER XIX

CHURCH AND STATE

The Russian Orthodox Church—Russia Outside of the Mediaeval Papal

Commonwealth—Influence of the Greek Church—Ecclesiastical History of

Russia—Relations between Church and State—Eastern Orthodoxy and the

Russian National Church—The Synod—Ecclesiastical Grumbling—Local

Ecclesiastical Administration—The Black Clergy and the Monasteries—The

Character of the Eastern Church Reflected in the History of Religious

Art—Practical Consequences—The Union Scheme.

CHAPTER XX

CHAPTER XX

THE NOBLESSE

The Nobles In Early Times—The Mongol Domination—The Tsardom of

Muscovy—Family Dignity—Reforms of Peter the Great—The Nobles Adopt

West-European Conceptions—Abolition of Obligatory Service—Influence of

Catherine II.—The Russian Dvoryanstvo Compared with the French Noblesse

and the English Aristocracy—Russian Titles—Probable Future of the

Russian Noblesse.

CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXI

LANDED PROPRIETORS OF THE OLD SCHOOL

Russian Hospitality—A Country-House—Its Owner Described—His Life,

Past and Present—Winter Evenings—Books—-Connection with the Outer

World—The Crimean War and the Emancipation—A Drunken, Dissolute

Proprietor—An Old General and his Wife—"Name Days"—A Legendary

Monster—A Retired Judge—A Clever Scribe—Social Leniency—Cause of

Demoralisation.

CHAPTER XXII

CHAPTER XXII

PROPRIETORS OF THE MODERN SCHOOL

A Russian Petit Maitre—His House and Surroundings—Abortive Attempts

to Improve Agriculture and the Condition of the Serfs—A Comparison—A

"Liberal" Tchinovnik—His Idea of Progress—A Justice of the Peace—His

Opinion of Russian Literature, Tchinovniks, and Petits Maitres—His

Supposed and Real Character—An Extreme Radical—Disorders in

the Universities—Administrative Procedure—Russia's Capacity for

Accomplishing Political and Social Evolutions—A Court Dignitary in his

Country House.

CHAPTER XXIII

CHAPTER XXIII