Секреты лаборатории питания. Наука похудения, мифы о силе воли и пользе диет

46. Flegal et al., “Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index among US Adults, 1999-2010”.

47. Tatiana Andreyeva, Rebecca M. Puhl, and Kelly D. Brownell, “Changes in Perceived Weight Discrimination among Americans, 1995-1996 through 2004-2006”, Obesity (Silver Spring, MD) 16, no. 5 (May 2008): 1129-34, doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.35.

48. Gordon W. Allport, “The Nature of Prejudice” (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954). Для ознакомления с характерным примером гомофобии см.: Sebastian Е. Barto, Israel Berger, and Peter Hegarty, “Interventions to Reduce Sexual Prejudice: A Study-Space Analysis and Meta-Analytic Review”, Journal of Sex Research 51, no. 4 (January 2014): 363-82, doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.871625.

49. S. S. Wang, K. D. Brownell, and T. A. Wadden, “The Influence of the Stigma of Obesity on Overweight Individuals”, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 28, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1333-7, doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802730.

50. Tracy Moore, “I Don’t Love (or Hate) My Body — and So Can You!”, Jezebel.com, 2014, http://jezebel.com/i-dont-love-or-hate-my-body-and-so-can-you-1557099034.

51. Joan Jacobs Brumberg, “The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls” (New York: Vintage Books, 1998).

52. Там же.

53. “Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US: Market Research Report”, IBISWorld.com, 2014, http://www.ibisworld.com/industry/default. aspx?indid=1655.

54. Se-Jin Lee, “Regulation of Muscle Mass by Myostatin”, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 20 (January 8, 2004): 61-86, doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.135836.

55. Frank Bruni, “These Wretched Vessels”, New York Times, December 24, 2012.

ГЛАВА 12. О РЕАЛЬНЫХ ПРИЧИНАХ НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ УПРАЖНЕНИЙ И О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПРИВЫЧКИ К НИМ

1. Четкая позиция по данному вопросу сформулирована в работе: Amy Luke and Richard S. Cooper, “Physical Activity Does Not Influence Obesity Risk: Time to Clarify the Public Health Message”, International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1831-36, doi:10.1093/ije/dytl59. Для ознакомления с противоположной точкой зрения см.: James О. Hill and John С. Peters, “Commentary: Physical Activity and Weight Control”, International Journal of Epidemiology 42, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1840-42, doi: 10.1093/ije/dytl61.

2. Один из девяти фактов об ожирении, представленных в работе: Casazza et al., “Myths, Presumptions, and Facts about Obesity”.

3. Petra Stiegler and Adam Cunliffe, “The Role of Diet and Exercise for the Maintenance of Fat-Free Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate during

Weight Loss”, Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ) 36, no. 3 (January 2006): 239-62.

4. N. A. King et al., “The Interaction between Exercise, Appetite, and Food Intake: Implications for Weight Control”, American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 7, no. 4 (February 6, 2013): 265-73, doi: 10.1177/1559827613475584; Catia Martins et al., “Effects of Exercise on Gut Peptides, Energy Intake and Appetite”, Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 251-58, doi:10.1677/JOE-06-0030.

5. Carolina О. C. Werle, Brian Wansink, and Collin R. Payne, “Just Thinking about Exercise Makes Me Serve More Food: Physical Activity and Calorie Compensation”, Appetite 56, no. 2 (April 2011): 332-35, doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.12.016.

6. 150 минут тренировок средней интенсивности (или 75 минут тренировок высокой интенсивности) в неделю рекомендованы для поддержания здоровья, для похудения же надо заниматься спортом по 300 минут в неделю при средней интенсивности (или по 150 при высокой). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans”, http://www.health. gov/paguidelines/.

7. Этот вывод следует из анализа 80 экспериментов, в которых участвовало более миллиона человек. Примерно в половине исследований особое внимание уделялось контролю массы тела. Guenther Samitz, Matthias Egger, and Marcel Zwahlen, “Domains of Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies”, International Journal of Epidemiology 40, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 1382-400, doi:10.1093/ije/dyrll2.

8. За больными наблюдали более восьми лет. Edward W. Gregg et al., “Relationship of Walking to Mortality among US Adults with Diabetes”, Archives of Internal Medicine 163, no. 12 (June 23, 2003): 1440-7, doi:10.1001/archinte.l63.12.1440.

9. Samitz, Egger, and Zwahlen, “Domains of Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality”.

10. Huseyin Naci and John P. A. Ioannidis, “Comparative Effectiveness of Exercise and Drug Interventions on Mortality Outcomes: Metaepidemiological Study”, BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 347 (January 2013): f5577.