Читаем Sex at Dawn полностью

Sex at Dawn

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

EPub Edition © SEPTEMBER 2010 ISBN: 978-0-062-00293-8

FIRST EDITION

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ryan, Christopher Sex at dawn: the prehistoric origins of modern sexuality/ Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jetha.—1st ed. p. cm.

Summary: “A controversial, idea-driven book that

challenges everything you know about sex, marriage, family, and society.”—Provided by publisher

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-06-170780-3 (hardback)

1. Sex. 2. Sex—History. 3. Sex customs. 4. Marriage. I. Jetha, Cacilda. II. Title.

HQ12.R93 2010 306.7—dc22

2009045457

10 11 12 13 14 OV/RRD 10 987654321

Ss HarperCollins e-books

About the Publisher

Australia

HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd.

25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321)

Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com.au

Canada

HarperCollins Canada

2 Bloor Street East - 20th Floor Toronto, ON, M4W 1A8, Canada http://www.harpercollinsebooks.ca

New Zealand

HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand) Limited P.O. Box 1 Auckland,

New Zealand

http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.nz

United Kingdom

HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.

77-85 Fulham Palace Road

London, W6 8JB, UK http://www.harpercollinsebooks.co.uk

United States

HarperCollins Publishers Inc.

10 East 53 rd Street

New York, NY 10022

http://www.harpercollinsebooks.com

NOTES

Please visit sexatdawn.com for the latest news, further discussion, and updates on the issues raised in this book, or to contact the authors.

Introduction

1. Maybe as recently as 4.5 million years ago. For a recent review of the genetic evidence, see Siepel (2009).

2. de Waal (1998), p. 5.

3. Some of these numbers are reported in McNeil et al. (2006) and Yoder et al. (2005). The hundred billion figure comes from http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/ la-fg-vienna-porn25-2009mar25,0,7189584.story.

4. See “Yes, dear. Tonight again.” Ralph Gardner, Jr. The New York Times (June 9, 2008): http://www.nytimes.com/ 2008/06/09/arts/09iht-08nights.13568273.html?_r=1

5. Full disclosure: Murdoch also owns HarperCollins, the publisher of this book.

6. Diamond (1987).

7. Such relationships would have been among many group-identity-boosting techniques, including participation in group bonding rituals still common to shamanistic religions characteristic of foraging people. Interestingly, such collective-identity-affirming rituals are often accompanied by music (which—like orgasm—releases oxytocin, the hormone most associated with forming emotional bonds). See Levitin (2009) for more on music and social identity.

8. The precise timing of this shift has recently been called into question. See White and Lovejoy (2009).

9. For more on the sharing-based economies of foragers, see

Sahlins (1972), Hawkes (1993), Gowdy (1998), Boehm

(1999), or Michael Finkel’s National Geographic article on the Hadza, available here:

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text.

10. Mithen (2007), p. 705.

11. Taylor (1996), pp. 142-143. Taylor’s book is an excellent archaeological account of human sexual origins.

Part I: On the Origin of the Specious

Chapter 1: Remember the Yucatan!

1. This account comes from Todorov (1984), but Todorov’s version of events is not universally accepted. See http://www.yucatantoday.com/culture/esp-yucatan-name.htm, for example, for a review of other etymologies (in Spanish).

2. From the FDA’s Macroanalytical Procedures Manual—Spice Methods. Accessed online at: http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ LaboratoryMethods/

MacroanalyticalProceduresManualMPM/ucm084394.htm.