St Petersburg

4 The history of the founding of Petersburg and the legends surrounding it are related, in particular, in P. N. Petrov, Istoriia Sankt-Peterburga s osnovaniia goroda do vvedeniia v deistvie vybornogo gorodskogo upravleniia po Uchrezhdeniiam o guberniiakh, 1703-1782 (The History of St. Peterburg from the Founding of the City to the Implementation of the Elected City Government According to Administrations of Provinces, 1703-1782) (St. Petersburg, 1885); P. N. Stolpyanskii, Kak voznik, osnovalsia i ros Sanktpiterburkh (How St. Petersburg Arose, Was Founded, and Grew) (Petrograd, 1918); M. I. Pyliaev, Staryi Peterburg (Old Petersburg), 2nd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1889); Ocherki istorii Leningrada (Sketches of the History of Leningrad), vol. 1 (Moscow and Leningrad, 1955); V. Mavrodin, Osnovanie Peterburga (The Founding of Petersburg) (Leningrad, 1983).

5 The basic sources for the description of Peter the Great were V. O. Klyuchevsky, Sochineniia (Works), 9 vols., vol. 4 (Moscow, 1989); S. M. Solovyov, Chteniia i rasskazy po istorii Rossii (Readings and Stories in Russian History) (Moscow, 1990); K. Shmurlo, Petr Velikii v otsenke sovremennikov i potomstva (Peter the Great in the Evaluation of His Contemporaries and Descendants) (St. Petersburg, 1912); M. Ustryalov, Istoriia tsarstvovaniia Petra Velikogo (History of the Reign of Peter the Great) (St. Petersburg, 1859-1863); N. I. Pavlenko, Petr Velikii (Peter the Great) (Moscow, 1994); V. V. Mavrodin, Rozhdeniie novoi Rossii (Birth of the New Russia) (Leningrad, 1988); E. V. Anisimov, Vremia petrovskikh reform (The Time of Petrine Reforms) (Leningrad, 1989).

6 Klyuchevsky, Sochineniia (Works), vol. 4, p. 196.

7 Ibid., p. 115.

8 M. I. Semevskii, Slovo i delo! 1700-1725 (Word and Deed! 1700-1725) (St. Petersburg, 1884), p. 88.

9 Ibid., pp. 87-90.

10 The description of Catherine the Great used, in particular, A. G. Brikner, Istoriia Ekateriny Vtoroi (History of Catherine the Second) (St. Petersburg, 1885); Zapiski imperatritsy Ekateriny Vtoroi (Notes of Empress Catherine the Second) (St. Petersburg, 1907); E. R. Dashkova, Zapiski (Notes) (Leningrad, 1985); E. V. Anisimov, Rossiia v seredine XVIII veka: Bor’ba za nasledie Petra (Russia in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century: The Struggle for Peter’s Inheritance) (Moscow, 1986); A. Kamenskii, “Pod seniiu Ekateriny …” (“Under Catherine’s Protection”) (St. Petersburg, 1992).

11 Quoted in A. Kaganovich, “Mednyi Vsadnik”: Istoriia sozdaniia monumenta (The Bronze Horseman: The History of the Creation of a Monument) (Leningrad, 1975), p. 42.

12 Ibid., p. 88.

13 Ibid., p. 90.

14 Ibid., p. 164.

15 Anna Akhmatova, in conversation with the author, Komarovo, 1965.

16 In the description of the personality and reign of Emperor Nicholas I, sources were N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Nikolai Pervyi: Ego zhizn’ i tsarstvovanie (Emperor Nicholas I: His Life and Reign), 2 vols. (St. Petersburg, 1903), as well as numerous notes and memoirs by contemporaries, particularly Marquis de Custine, Zapiski o Rossii (Notes on Russia) (Moscow, 1910); A. I. Herzen, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 30 vols., vol. 14 (Moscow, 1958); A. F. Tyutcheva, Pri dvore dvukh imperatorov: Vospominaniia i fragmenty dnevnikov freiliny dvora Nikolaiia I i Aleksandra II (At the Court of Two Emperors: Memoirs and Diary Fragments of a Lady-in-Waiting of the Court of Nicholas I and Alexander II) (Moscow, 1990).

17 N. V. Gogol, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 7 vols., vol. 7 (Moscow, 1967), p. 62.

18 Ibid., p. 207.

19 Vladimir Nabokov, Nikolai Gogol (New York, 1961), p. 12.

20 I. I. Panaev, Literaturnye vospominaniia (Literary Reminiscences) (Moscow, 1988), p. 281.

21 Vladimir Nabokov, Lectures on Russian Literature (New York and London, 1981), p. 313.

22 V. A. Sollogub, Povesti. Vospominaniia (Novellas. Reminiscences) (Leningrad, 1988), p. 667.

23 Quoted in Kornei Chukovsky, Sobranie sochinenii (Collected Works), 6 vols., vol. 5 (Moscow, 1967), p. 14.