Stalin

Trotsky assassination attempts by, 368

Trotskyites arrested by, 279–80, 294, 319

Trotsky surveilled by, 322–23

twentieth anniversary of, 471

writers’ union surveilled by, 182, 185

Yagoda as head of, 176, 272, 436, 523, 527

Yagodaites eliminated from, 415

Yezhov as head of, 344–45, 392, 415, 437, 449, 451, 471, 498, 521–22, 540–42, 618

Yezhovites eliminated from, 578, 588, 619

Yezhov loyalists in, 499

Yezhov’s resignation as head of, 587

Yezhov’s review of, 229

Nomonhan, 644

battles at, 645, 650–51, 683

nonaggression pacts:

Stalin’s desire for, 88–89

see alsospecific pacts

Non-Intervention Agreement, 327, 329, 330, 337, 342, 346, 347

Non-Intervention Committee, 339, 347

North Caucasus, 107, 112–13, 122, 128

party purges in, 112, 114

Northern Fleet, Soviet, 133, 703

Norway, 763

German occupation of, 762–63, 889

Trotsky in, 327, 368, 610

Novokuznetsk, 190

Nuremberg, Nazi Party Congress in, 266–67

Nuremberg laws, 266

Odessa, 13, 146, 774

Odessa military district, 779

OGPU, 35, 50, 51, 54, 89, 94, 95, 97, 117, 908

Beria’s career in, 140

collectivization and, 38, 39, 41–42

dekulakization and, 36, 37, 74–75

famine and, 122, 130

foreign directorate of, 172

1931 shakeup in, 79, 80

peasant deportations and, 125

power struggles in, 22–24, 78–79, 80

Red Army investigated by, 76–77, 84

replaced by NKVD, 176

Trotsky smuggled out of Russia by, 12–13

wrecking investigations of, 57

Okhotsk, Sea of, 133

okhranka, 436

Olberg, Valentin, 279–80

Olsky, Jan (Kulikowski), 56, 78

Olympics of 1936 (Berlin), 326

“On Anti-Soviet Elements” resolution, 450

“On Certain Cunning Techniques of Recruitment by Foreign Intelligence” (Pravda article), 486

One-Story America (Ilf and Petrov), 285–86, 404

“On the Hills of Manchuria” (Shatrov), 209

On the History of the Bolshevik Organization in the South Caucasus (Beria), 503

On the Nature of Absolutism (Vorovsky), 493

On the Road to Thermidor (Besedovsky), 294

Open Letter to Members of the Bolshevik Party, An (Trotsky), 787

opera, Stalin’s love of, 594

oprichnina, 465–66

Orakhelashvili, Mamiya, 140, 141, 264, 358, 508, 515

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), 437, 610

orgburo, 66, 162, 224, 225, 507, 907

Orjonikidze, Papuliya, 348, 504

Orjonikidze, Sergo, 12, 20, 26, 29, 36, 39, 46, 49, 55, 57, 58, 65, 73, 86, 136, 140, 141, 159, 162, 209, 212, 231, 264, 273, 278, 308, 314, 345, 362, 373, 386, 396

appointed head of Supreme Council of the Economy, 66

funeral of, 385

as heavy industry commissar, 262, 278, 314, 320, 323–24, 325, 348, 371, 383–84

“hidden enemies” campaign resisted by, 323–24, 325

illnesses and failing health of, 123, 197, 324, 348, 350

as inner circle member, 162, 197, 262, 386, 526, 548

Kaganovich’s friendship with, 386, 500

as key to survival of Stalin dictatorship, 69

Kirov murder and, 205, 206, 209

Lakoba’s friendship with, 137

military budget cuts and, 101

popularity of, 325–26, 501

posthumous vilification of, 508–9

and proposed replacement of Rykov, 56

Stalin’s correspondence with, 54, 82, 98, 337

Stalin’s friendship with, 111, 133, 237

Stalin’s meetings with, 211, 384

Stalin’s plenum attack on, 358

suicide of, 384–86, 428, 443, 526

torture and confession of, 371

Orjonikidze, Zinaida, 324, 384, 506

Orlov, Alexander (Leiba Feldbein), 339, 347, 349, 351, 382, 410, 524, 534

Orlova, Lyubov, 216, 217, 293, 593, 795, 853, 854

Orwell, George, 410–11

Ōshima, Hiroshi, 485, 640, 855

Oslo, Trotsky in, 322

Osten, Maria, 363, 460

Ott, Eugen, 221, 356, 640, 650, 791, 874–76, 890

Ozaki, Hotsumi, 667–68, 851, 874

Paasikivi, Juho Kusti, 710–11, 712, 713, 715, 717, 718, 719, 723, 747

Paasonen, Aladár, 710, 711

Pacific Fleet, Soviet, 703

Packard automobiles, Stalin’s preference for, 164

Pact of Steel, 632–34, 639

painting:

foreign sale of “bourgeois” artworks in, 184

Industry of Socialism exhibition of, 607

socialist realism in, 184

see also culture, Soviet

Paris:

German occupation of, 765

Hitler’s tour of, 769–70

1937 International Exhibition in, 411

Party Card (film), 293–94

Party Construction, 34

Pascua, Marcelino, 381

Passov, Zelman, 575–76

passports, internal system of, 115

Pasternak, Boris, 169, 181–82, 183, 184, 186, 255, 277, 326, 416, 481

Stalin’s call to, 170

Patolichev, Nikolai, 846–47

Pauker, Karl, 109, 165, 228, 344–45, 526, 618

arrest of, 393

in fabricated coup plots, 397

Kirov murder and, 205

Paulus, Friedrich von, 21, 820

Paustovsky, Konstantin, 289–90

Pavlov, Dmitry, 757, 877

Pavlov, Karp, 598–99

Pavlov, Vladimir, 628, 864

Pavlunovsky, Ivan, 140, 511

peasant revolution, 9, 10

peasants:

anticollectivization protests by, 27, 29, 38–39, 41–42, 68

dekulakization of, see dekulakization

executions of, 131

in flight from collectives, 93, 99, 101, 117

grain procurements from, see grain procurements

internal incarceration and deportation of, 131

suspension of mass deportations of, 125

working class and, 369