Stalin

Luftwaffe, 221, 473, 566, 766, 794

in Battle of Britain, 780, 783, 784, 785, 793, 794

bombers of, 351, 678, 755

creation of, 240

fighters of, 351, 407, 755–56, 783

losses of, 780

order of battle of, 882

in Polish invasion, 679

Soviet airspace violations by, 846, 855–56, 857, 869, 878, 880, 898

in Spanish civil war, 323, 351, 407

in transfer to Soviet border, 857, 880

in Yugoslavia invasion, 848

Luxembourg:

German invasion of, 763

see also Low Countries

Lvov (Lwów, Lviv, Lemberg), 685–86, 774

German withdrawal from, 686

Lyakhterov, Nikolai (“Mars”), 840, 842, 872

“Lycée-ist,” see Berlings, Orests

Lyons, Eugene, 63, 71, 780–81

Lyushkov, Genrikh, 228

accusations against, 528–29, 531

defection of, 530–31, 533–35, 536, 540, 668

as NKVD head for Far East, 528, 530

Stalin’s mass arrests denounced by, 532–33

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 422

MacDonald, Ramsay, 24–25, 80

Machiavelli, Niccolò, vii, 4–5, 297–98, 493

Maclean, Donald, 222, 636, 836

Madrid:

air attacks on, 323, 350, 351

fall of, 615

Franco’s failed assault on, 350–52, 376, 398, 406–7

Magadan, 133, 599

Maginot Line, 592, 766, 827

Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine, 32, 75, 94, 96

Main Military Council, Soviet, 473, 547, 562, 564–65, 726, 736, 757

Main Military Council, Soviet, June 1937 session of, 417–18, 435

arrests of members of, 420–21

Blyukher’s report to, 420

interrogation reports presented to, 418

Stalin’s address to, 418–19

Voroshilov’s reports to, 418

Maisky, Ivan, 242, 280, 339, 614, 621, 622, 623, 627, 633, 648, 652, 656, 663, 719, 739, 740, 775, 776, 778, 780, 858, 868, 884, 890

Churchill and, 709–10

Triple Alliance proposal and, 638

Makhatadze, Nikolai, 81–82

Maksimovsky, Vladimir, 4–5

Malenkov, Georgy, 280, 839

inventories of “former people” drawn up by, 383, 391

on justification for mass terror, 483

list of candidates for NKVD head compiled by, 540–41

mass arrests overseen by, 350, 516

regional party arrests and, 444, 518

Stalin’s correspondence with, 383

Yezhov denounced by, 542

Yezhov’s file on, 619

Malraux, André, 181–82, 255, 256, 417, 635

Maly, Tivadar “Theodore,” 222, 409, 546–47

Malyshev, Vyacheslav, 603, 757, 832

managerial class, arrests of, 434, 444, 445, 599, 821

Manchukuo, 125, 277, 299, 527, 531, 852

Chinese Eastern Railway sold to, 233, 243

Japanese troops in, 536, 730; see also Kwantung Army, Japanese

Soviet border clashes with, 456–57, 535–40, 547, 557, 562, 597, 644–45, 650, 667–70, 677, 683, 726, 755, 902

Soviet relations with, 144

Manchuria, 29–30

Japanese occupation of, 83–84, 88

Japanese puppet state in, see Manchukuo

Soviet invasion of, 30–31

Mandelstam, Nadezhda, 169–70, 544, 635

Mandelstam, Osip, 404

arrest and internal exile of, 169–70, 186

Mannerheim, Gustaf, 708–9, 717–18, 739, 747

on Red Army capabilities, 749–50

Mannerheim Line, 727, 743, 753

Manuilsky, Dmytro, 168, 171, 189, 361, 362, 446

Man with a Gun (Pogodin), 476

Man with the Gun, The (film), 548

Mao Zedong, 360, 367, 370, 373, 458, 471, 539, 744, 805, 813

and capture of Chiang, 361, 363–64

negotiation with Nationalists offered by, 330

rise of, 277

Marco Polo Bridge, 457

Marmara, Sea of, 13

Martel, Giffard, 340

Marty, André, 338, 405, 406

Marx, Harpo, 145

Marx, Karl, 2–3, 302, 493–94, 573

Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute, 154, 734

Marxism, 131

capitalism as viewed by, 6

Hegel’s influence on, 302

idealism of, 6

Stalin’s dedication to, 10, 573, 576–77, 691

Marxism-Leninism, 3, 6, 49, 304, 494, 901

Stalin’s role in synthesis of, 8

Stalin’s view of, 10, 570–71

Maryasin, Lev, 436

Mason-MacFarlane, Noel, 629

mass violence:

Communism’s justification of, 6–7

Stalin’s use of, see terror campaign

Master and Margarita, The (Bulgakov), 635, 746

Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (Lenin), 691

Matsesta sulfur baths, 4, 47, 98, 264, 311

Matsuoka, Yōsuke, 851–52, 855, 860

Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 149, 181–82, 276

Mdivani, Polikarp “Budu,” 337, 509, 515, 542

Mediterranean, German “peripheral strategy” in, 784, 791, 798, 815, 835, 837, 838, 849, 905

Medved, Filipp, 79, 201, 235

Kirov murder and, 202, 204–5, 206, 208, 220

as Leningrad NKVD head, 193–94

Stalin’s lack of confidence in, 194

Mein Kampf (Hitler), xiv, 158, 238, 245, 630, 681–82, 845, 867

Meissner, Otto, 810, 872

Mekhlis, Lev, 57, 193, 230, 390, 496, 698, 699, 719, 749

and arrests of Red Army officer corps, 426

Beria criticized by, 508, 509

as deputy defense commissar, 530

elevated to Central Committee, 162

Kirov murder and, 205

as Pravda editor, 425

in Soviet Far East, 530, 531, 533, 534, 535–36, 537

in Winter War, 731, 735, 751, 753

Meltzer, Judith “Yulia,” 272–73, 388

Member of the Government, A (film), 745–46

Mensheviks, 40, 50, 99, 116, 176, 233, 254, 467

as émigrés, 34, 48, 62, 65–66, 106, 349, 352–53, 378, 385, 437; see also émigré groups, anti-Soviet

Mercader, Ramón, 611–12, 787

Merekalov, Aleksei, 621–22, 623, 631

Meretskov, Kirill, 380, 417, 707–8, 723

as army chief of staff, 758, 779

promoted to general, 759

Red Army shortcomings reported by, 825

Winter War and, 726, 727, 729, 735, 736, 743, 753