Stalin: A Biography

40. See M. Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, p. 98.

41. Ibid., pp. 115–17.

42. See the account of interviews conducted by L. Vasil’eva, Deti Kremlya, pp. 168–9 and 176.

8. At the Centre of the Party

1. See above, pp. 61 and 66.

2. N. Zhordaniya, Moya zhizn’, p. 53.

3. G. Uratadze, Vospominaniya gruzinskogo sotsial-demokrata, p. 234.

4. Vserossiiskaya Konferentsiya Ros. Sots.-Dem. Rab. Partii 1912 goda: see the introduction by R. C. Elwood, pp. xx–xxi.

5. See M. Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, p. 130.

6. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 48, p. 53.

7. Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, p. 197.

8. deda ena (ed. Y. Gogebashvili: 1912 edn). The poem in question was ‘Morning’.

9. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 2, p. 219.

10. He had ceased to show his romantic aspect since leaving the Tiflis Spiritual Seminary: see above, pp. 40–1.

11. Easily the best work on the transmutation of Stalin’s political and ‘personal’ persona is A. Rieber’s ‘Stalin, Man of the Borderlands’, which highlights the artificial qualities of his self-representation from 1900 — and not just from 1912. My belief, though, is that Stalin after 1912, rather than becoming a sort of Russian, adopted a binational persona which at any given time might give emphasis either to the Russian or to the Georgian aspect.

12. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 48, p. 162. For the contents of the booklet, see below, pp. 96–100.

13. S. Vereshchak, ‘Stalin v tyur’me’.

14. A. S. Allilueva, Vospominaniya, p. 115.

15. S. Vereshchak, ‘Stalin v tyur’me’.

16. Stalin related the story to A. E. Golovanov shortly before the 1943 Tehran Conference. Golovanov in turn related it to Felix Chuev: see Molotov. Poluderzhavnyi vlastelin, p. 202.

17. A. S. Allilueva, Vospominaniya, p. 113.

18. Ibid., p. 115.

19. Ibid., p. 116.

20. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, vol. 22, pp. 207–9. The article was unpublished at the time.

21. Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927, p. 16.

22. Ibid.

23. Ibid.

24. Zastol’nye rechi Stalina, p. 301. He told a similar story to Kandide Charkviani: see his unpublished memoirs, p. 25.

25. N. Lenin, ‘Zametki publitsista’, p. 9.

26. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 4, d. 647, p. 432.

27. See below, p. 441.

28. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 4, d. 647, pp. 432–3.

29. Ibid., p. 433.

30. Ibid.

31. The contents of the booklet are discussed below, pp. 96–100.

32. F. Samoilov, ‘O Lenine i Staline’: RGASPI, f. 558, op. 4, d. 659, p. 1.

33. Prosveshchenie, nos 3–5 (1913).

34. I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 1, pp. 368–72: ‘Polozhenie v sotsial-demokraticheskoi fraktsii’. It was published in Pravda on 26 February 1913.

9. Koba and Bolshevism

1. Bogdanov developed ideas which, if he had become more widely known, would have given pause to thinkers since the 1960s who have become known as post-modernists. Although he insisted that ‘culture’ is never simply a reflection of economic production relations, he stipulated too that collective insights, indeed insights which reflect the interests of particular social groups, inform and condition what both is and can be thought in society. Bogdanov did not have all the answers. Yet his turn-of-the-century oeuvre was overlooked abroad and suppressed at home, and the neglect of his ideas has delayed the philosophical demise of fashionable postmodernism.

2. See below, pp. 357–8.

3. J. Davrichewy, Ah! Ce qu’on rigolait bien, p. 212.

4. Slovo tovarishchu Stalinu, p. 462: from notes taken by V. D. Mochalov at meeting with Stalin on 28 December 1945.

5. Even Davrishevi admitted this: Ah! Ce qu’on rigolait bien, p. 212.

6. See also below, p. 300.

7. See above, pp. 62–3.

8. See above, p. 63.

9. S. Shaumyan, Izbrannye proizvedeniya, vol. 1, p. 267.

10. I. M. Dubinskii-Mukhadze, Shaumyan, p. 156.

11. F. D. Kretov, Bor’ba V. I. Lenina za sokhranenie i ukreplenie RSDRP v gody stolypinskoi reaktsii, p. 141.

12. I. M. Dubinskii-Mukhadze, Shaumyan, p. 156.

13. ‘Sotsial-demokratiya i natsional’nyi vopros’ in I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya, vol. 1, p. 295.

14. Ibid.

15. See above, p. 53. I am grateful to Stephen Jones for his help with formulating this paragraph. See also chapter 8 of his forthcoming history of Georgian Marxism before the October Revolution.