Stalin: A Biography

M. Parrish, The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953 (Westport, 1996)

D. Peris, Storming the Heavens: the Soviet League of the Militant Atheists (New York, 1998)

M. Perrie, The Cult of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin’s Russia (London, 2001)

N. Petrov, ‘The Gulag as Instrument of the USSR’s Punitive System’ in E. Dundovich, F. Gori and E. Guercetti (eds), Reflections on the Gulag, with a Documentary Appendix on the Italian Victims of Repression in the USSR (Milan, 2003)

R. Pikhoya, Sovetskii Soyuz: istoriya vlasti, 1945–1991 (Novosibirsk, 2000)

B. Pinkus, The Soviet Government and the Jews, 1948–1967: A Documentary Study (Cambridge, 1984)

R. Pipes, The Formation of the Soviet Union. Communism and Nationalism,1917–1923 (2nd revised edn: Cambridge, Mass., 1964)

S. Pons, Stalin and the Inevitable War, 1936–1941 (London, 2002)

S. Pons, ‘The Twilight of the Cominform’ in The Cominform. Minutes of the Three Conferences, 1947/1948/1949 (eds G. Procacci, G. Adibekov, A. Di Biagio, L. Gibianskii, F. Gori and S. Pons: Milan, 1994)

S. Pons and A. Romano (eds), Russia in the Age of Wars, 1914–1945 (Milan, 1998)

A. Ponsi, Partito unico e democrazia in URSS. La Costituzione del ’36 (Rome, 1977)

D. Pospielovsky, The Russian Church under the Soviet Regime, vols 1–2 (New York, 1984)

P. Preston, Franco: A Biography (London, 1993)

A. Pyzhikov, Khrushchëvskii ‘ottepel’’ (Moscow, 2002)

E. Radzinsky, Stalin: The First In-Depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia’s Secret Archives (London, 1996)

D. Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those Who Served Him (London, 2004)

E. A. Rees (ed.), Central-Local Relations in the Soviet State, 1928–1941 (London, 2002)

E. A. Rees (ed.), The Nature of Stalin’s Dictatorship. The Politburo, 1924–1953 (London, 2004)

E. A. Rees, Political Thought from Machiavelli to Stalin: Revolutionary Machiavellism (Basingstoke, 2004)

E. A. Rees, ‘Stalin as Leader, 1924–1937: From Oligarch to Dictator’ in E. A. Rees (ed.), The Nature of Stalin’s Dictatorship. The Politburo, 1924–1953 (London 2004)

E. A. Rees, State Control in Soviet Russia: The Rise and Fall of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspectorate, 1920–1934 (London, 1987)

J. Rossi, Spravochnik po Gulagu, vols 1–2 (2nd edn: Moscow, 1992)

R. Richardson, The Long Shadow. Inside Stalin’s Family (London 1993)

A. Rieber, ‘Stalin, Man of the Borderlands’, American Historical Review, no. 5 (2001)

T. H. Rigby, Communist Party Membership in the USSR, 1917–1967 (Princeton, 1968)

T. H. Rigby, ‘Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?’, Soviet Studies, no. 3 (1986)

G. Roberts, The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War: Russo-German Relations and the Road to War, 1933–1941 (London, 1995)

W. H. Roobol, Tsereteli, A Democrat in the Russian Revolution: A Political Biography (The Hague, 1976)

J. J. Rossman, ‘The Teikovo Cotton Workers’ Strike of April 1932: Class, Gender and Identity Politics in Stalin’s Russia’, Russian Review, January 1997

J. Rubenstein and V. P. Naumov (eds), Stalin’s Secret Pogrom: the Postwar Inquisition of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (New Haven, 2001)

L. Rucker, Staline, Israël et les Juifs (Paris, 2001)