Stalin: A Biography

Allilueva, Svetlana (Stalin’s daughter): and father’s upbringing; birth; and mother’s suicide; takes ride on Metro; writes memoirs; relations with father; upbringing; romances; marriage to Morozov; congratulates Stalin on victory over Germany; dacha; marriage to Yuri Zhdanov; at Stalin’s 73rd birthday party; and Stalin’s stroke and death; changes surname after Stalin’s death

Allilueva, Yevgenia (Pavel’s wife)

Andreev, Andrei

Anglo-Soviet Treaty (March 1921

Anti-Comintern Pact (1936)

anti-semitism,; see also Jews

Anti-Soviet Trotskyist-Zinovievite Centre

Antonov, General Alexei

Arcos (trading company)

Arctic convoys

Armenia: subdued; as Soviet republic; borders disputed

atheism

atomic bomb: USA develops and uses; USSR plans to develop; USSR acquires

Attlee, Clement: replaces Churchill as Prime Minister; Stalin unimpressed by; policy of coexistence; noninterference in eastern Europe; denigrated in USSR; protests at potential US nuclear weapons in Korea

Auschwitz

Austria: Germany annexes; post-war occupation

autonomous republics: established

Axelrod, Pavel,

Azerbaijan: subdued; as Soviet republic; borders disputed; Bolshevik appeasement of; leaders deported (1926)

Babel, Isaak

Bacon, Arthur

Badaev, Alexander

Bagashvili, Spartak

Bagration, Operation

Baibakov, Nikolai

Baikalov, Anatoli

Bakinski rabochi (newspaper)

Baku: Marxism in; ethnic hatreds in; Stalin in; Menshevik-Bolshevik rivalry in

Baltic states: resist Soviet expansionism,; USSR occupies; and Soviet advance; armed resistance in; dissenters sent to Gulag; see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania

Barbarossa, Operation: surprises Stalin; planned; successes

Barbusse, Henri

Barrio, Diego

Bashkirs

Basic Law (1905)

Batumi

Bauer, Otto

Bauman, Nikolai

Bazhanov, Boris

Beaverbrook, William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron

Bedny, Demyan

Belorussia: and autonomisation; established as Soviet state; nationhood; Germans overrun; resistance to Soviet rule in

Beneš, Eduard,

Berdzvenishvili, V.

Beria, Lavrenti: cruelty,; visits Stalin on Black Sea, ref3; publishes article on Bolsheviks in Transcaucasus, ref4; career, ref5; heads NKVD, ref6; association with Stalin, ref7; reports on economic success of Gulag, ref8; and Nazi-Soviet pact (1939), ref9; actions in Poland, ref10; at German invasion of USSR, ref11; in conduct of war, ref12; repressive measures in war, ref13; and women; trouble-making in Stavka; heads Soviet atomic research programme; on counter-productive effect of repression, ref20; Stalin entertains, ref21, ref22; status and power, ref23; investigates Zhdanov’s death; favours post-war reforms, ref25; refuses to wear tie, ref26; Stalin turns against, ref27; Stalin suspects of conspiracy, ref28; at Nineteenth Party Congress, ref29; fears of denunciation by Stalin, ref30; executed; and Stalin’s stroke; at Stalin’s death, ref34; position after Stalin’s death, ref35, ref36; suspected of murdering Stalin, ref37; eulogy at Stalin’s funeral; reforms after Stalin’s death, ref39; collects tape recordings of Stalin’s instructions to police agencies, ref40; arrested (1953), ref41

Beria, Nina,

Beria, Sergo: on Stalin’s mother; relations with Svetlana, ref2, ref3; on Tehran conference, ref4; learns to fly, ref5

Berlin: Stalin visits; conquest of, ref2; occupation zones, ref3; blockade and airlift (1948–9), ref4

Berman, Jakub,

Berzins, R.

Bierut, Bolesław,

Birobidzhan

‘Black Hundreds’

Blizhnyaya dacha,

Blum, Léon

Bobrovski, Vladimir

Bogdanov, Alexander; Short Course in Economic Science

Bolsheviks: formed by Party split; in Georgia, ref2; Stalin’s commitment to; differences with Mensheviks; funding by criminal means; idealise revolution, ref16; win seats in Fourth Duma, ref17, ref18; as threat to Imperial rule, ref19; oppose participation in First World War; conflict with Provisional Government; and national question, ref24, ref25, ref26; discuss revolutionary seizure of power from April 1917, ref27; revolutionary doctrine, ref28, ref29; attempt to call off protest demonstration (July 1917); at Democratic State Conference (1917), ref31; control Petrograd and Moscow Soviets, ref32, ref33; policy unformulated, ref34; commitment to centralism, ref35, ref36; use of terror, ref37, ref38; attacked by Cossack armies, ref39; internal opposition, ref40; fear of counter-revolution, ref41; factionalism and inefficiency, ref42; unpopularity, ref43; membership numbers, ref44, ref45; and state-directed economy, ref46; and ‘cultural revolution’, ref47; and political repression, ref48; and crisis of capitalism, ref49;

Conferences: Seventh Party (1917); Ninth Party (1920); Thirteenth Party (1924)