Stalin: A Biography

Moscow: Soviet government transfers to from Petrograd, ref1; wartime defence of, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; victory parade (1945), ref8

Moscow Metro: Stalin rides on with family

Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal

Moshentseva, Dr P.

Mother Tongue (Georgian anthology)

Murakhovski, A.A.

Muranov, Matvei

Murmansk

Musavatists

Mussolini, Benito,

MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs),

Nagasaki

Nagy, Ferenc

Nakhaev, General A.S.

Nalchik

Napoleon I (Bonaparte), Emperor of the French

Narym: Stalin exiled to,

national question: Stalin on,, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; and Stalin’s commissarship, ref16, ref17; Party policy on, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22; and autonomous republics, ref23

Nazaretyan, Amakyan

Nazism: Stalin’s attitude to rise of, ref1; see also Germany; Hitler, Adolf

Nenni, Pietro

Neumann, Franz

New Economic Policy (NEP): introduced (1921),; Trotski’s reservations on, ref4; and Stalin’s socialism, ref5, ref6; Bukharin supports, ref7; Stalin destroys, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18; achievements, ref19

Nicholas II, Tsar: war with Japan, ref1; issues October Manifesto (1905), ref2; and composition of Duma, ref3; in First World War, ref4, ref5, ref6; disperses Duma (February 1917), ref7; abdicates, ref8; behaviour, ref9; coronation, ref10

Nietzsche, Friedrich

Nikolaev, Leonid,

NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs): expanded, ref1; OGPU incorporated in, ref2; arrests, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; purges Leningrad, ref7; and Constitution (1936), ref8; Yezhov heads, ref9, ref10; and forced labour, ref11; in Great Terror, ref12; reports on public opinion, ref13; Beria replaces Yezhov as head, ref14; liquidates Spanish Trotskyists, ref15; purges Polish Communist Party exiles, ref16; and foreign communist activities, ref17; operations in Poland, ref18; in Baltic States, ref19, ref20; scorched-earth policy, ref21; in wartime Leningrad, ref22; repressions in wartime, ref23; post-war activities and records, ref24; see also GPU; MGB; OGPU

Nogin, Viktor

Nomonhan

Normandy invasion (1944)

North Africa: German successes in

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)

Novaya Uda, Irkutsk Province

Novaya zhizn (newspaper)

nuclear weapons see atomic bomb

Nutsubidze, Shalva,

October Manifesto (1905)

October Revolution (1917): and working class motivation, ref1; effect on world order, ref2

Ogarëv, Yakov

OGPU (earlier GPU): repressions,; power, ref4, ref5; and Shakhty trial, ref6; and dekulakisation, ref7; interrogates army officers, ref8; and Nadya Allilueva’s funeral, ref9; incorporated in NKVD, ref10, ref11; see also NKVD

Okhrana: Stalin suspected of being agent for,; investigates demonstrations in Batumi, ref3; ineffectiveness against political unrest, ref4; arrests Stalin, ref5; infiltrates revolutionary parties, ref6; informed of Bolshevist Central Committee, ref7; monitors Stalin, ref8; and Stalin’s exile in Turukhansk, ref9; acts against Bolsheviks, ref10

Okulov, Alexei,

Onufrieva, Pelageya

Ordzhonikidze, Sergo: Lenin recruits to Central Committee, ref1; and Soviet expansionism, ref2; supports Stalin on status of republics, ref3; in Caucasian Bureau, ref4; in Stalin’s Testament, ref5; allies with Stalin, ref6; and Stalin’s deference to mother, ref7; takes charge of Central Control Commission, ref8, ref9; occasional disloyalty to Stalin, ref10; in Politburo, ref11; and Stalin’s fears of conspiracies, ref12; as Stalin’s confidant, ref13, ref14; letter from Nadya Allilueva, ref15; supports industrial expansion, ref16; Georgian origins, ref17; opposes Stalin’s strategic ideas, ref18; disbelieves campaign against Pyatakov, ref19; suicide, ref20; and popular adulation of Stalin, ref21

Orgburo: composition,; changes postings, ref3; role, ref4

Orwell, George: Homage to Catalonia

Osinski, Nikolai

Overlord, Operation

Panslavism

Pasternak, Boris

Patolichev, Nikolai

Patolichev, N.S.

Pauker, Ana

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich von

Pavlov, Dmitri,

Pavlov, Ivan

peasants: Lenin’s policy on,; unrest in Imperial Russia, ref7; and Stolypin’s reforms, ref8; demands on Provisional Government, ref9; in Civil War, ref10, ref11; and forced grain procurement, ref12, ref13, ref14; grain hoarding, ref15, ref16, ref17; Bukharin’s conciliatory policy on, ref18, ref19; and NEP, ref20, ref21; Stalin’s policy on, ref22, ref23, ref24; incorporated in industrial labour force, ref25; in administrative posts, ref26; risings and resistance, ref27, ref28, ref29; hatred of Soviet agricultural system, ref30; trading, ref31; punished, ref32; starvation, ref33; hatred of Stalin, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37; defect during war, ref38; wartime trading, ref39; see also collectivisation; kulaks

People’s Commissariat of Enlightenment,

People’s Commissariat of External Affairs,

People’s Commissariat of Nationalities’ Affairs: Stalin heads,; offices and organisation, ref6; Jewish section, ref7; and structure of Soviet Union, ref8

people’s democracies: in eastern Europe

Pereprygin family,

Perm: military disaster at,