Сталин и Гитлер

56. See for example P. Pulzer The Rise of Political Anti-Semitism in Germany and Austria (London, 1988), pp. 121ff., 195–207. In May 1918 the small Austrian ‘Workers’ Party’ changed its name to German National Socialist Workers’ Party. ‘National socialist’ ideas were central to much Austrian radical nationalism before 1914. See too, K. D. Bracher The German Dictatorship: the Origins, Structure and Consequences of National Socialism (London, 1971), pp. 72–9.

57. Kroll, Utopie als Ideologie, pp. 49–56; Syring, Hitler, pp. 40–4; P. Longerich The Unwritten Order: Hitler’s Role in the Final Solution (Stroud, 2001), pp. 15–26; K.-U. Merz Das Schreckbild: Deutschland und der Bolschewismus 1917 bis 1921 (Frankfurt am Main, 1995), pp. 457–71.

58. Rauschning, Hitler Speaks, pp. 208–9; Hitler, Mein Kampf, pp. 96–7.

59. Rauschning, Hitler Speaks, p. 211.

60. Hitler, Mein Kampf, p. 269.

61. On Hitler’s medical history Redlich, Hitler: Diagnosis, pp. 223–54.

62. G. Ward Price I Know These Dictators (London, 1937), pp. 9–10; PRO, WO 218/4775, Dollmann interrogation, p. 1.

63. Ward Price, I Know These Dictators, pp. 16–17; see too the account in K. Krause Zehn Jahre Kammerdiener bei Hitler (Hamburg,

1990), pp. 14–21. On champagne over Pearl Harbor see Liddell Hart Archive, King’s College, Hechler Collection, fi le 1, ‘The enemy side of the hill’, p. 93.

64. Krause, Zehn Jahre, pp. 31–2; Junge, Until the Final Hour, pp. 67–70 on Hitler’s eating habits and hostility to meat-eaters.

65. Junge, Until the Final Hour, p. 114.

66. Miskolczy, Hitler’s Library, pp. 3–5.

67. E. H. Schwaab Hitler’s Mind: a Plunge into Madness (New York, 1992), p. 29.

68. Schwaab, Hitler’s Mind, p. 43.

69. F. Genoud (ed.) The Testament of Adolf Hitler: the Hitler-Bormann Documents (London, 1961), p. 95, entry for 25 February 1945.

70. Allen (ed.), Infancy of Nazism, p. 165.

71. Tucker, Stalin, pp. 309–10 on the collective leadership principle; p. 319 for Bukharin quotation.

72. Graham, Stalin, p. 121.

73. I. Zbarsky and S. Hutchinson Lenin’s Embalmers (London, 1998), pp. 11–12; N. Tumarkin Lenin Lives! The Lenin Cult in Soviet Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), pp. 174–5.

74. J. Stalin Problems of Leninism (Moscow, 1947), pp. 13–93, ‘The Foundations of Leninism’; Tucker, Stalin, pp. 316–24; R. W. Daniels The Conscience of the Revolution: Communist Opposition in Soviet Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1960), pp. 236–8.

75. Stalin, Works, vol. vi, p. 48, ‘On the death of Lenin’, speech of 26 January 1924 to Second All-Union Congress of Soviets.

76. Stalin, Works, vol. vi, pp. 189–90, ‘Foundations of Leninism’, Pravda, May 1924.

77. Stalin, Works, vol. vi, p. 47.

78. Stalin, Works, vol. vi, pp. 191–2.

79. Graham, Stalin, pp. 78–9.

80. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 104–5. On the contest with Trotsky see too R. W. Daniels Trotsky, Stalin and Socialism (Boulder, Colo., 1991); Y. Felshtinsky ‘Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and the Left Opposition in the USSR, 1918–1928’, Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique, 31 (1990), pp. 570–73.

81. Stalin, Works, vol. vi, p. 373, Trotskyism or Leninism?’ speech 19 November 1924; Tucker, Stalin, pp. 340–44.

82. Tucker, Stalin, pp. 353–4.

83. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, p. 134.

84. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy’, p. 113.

85. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, p. 135.

86. L. Trotsky My Life: an Attempt at an Autobiography (London, 1970), p. 554.

87. Stalin, On the Opposition, p. 865, speech at plenum of the Central Committee, 23 October 1927.

88. Stalin, On the Opposition, pp. 867, 883.

89. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, pp. 175–8; Zbarsky and Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers, pp. 61–2 for the description of Bukharin. See too S. Cohen Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography 1888–1938 (New York, 1980) for the standard account.

90. On the emergence of the ‘right opposition’ see C. Merridale, ‘The Reluctant Opposition: the Right “Deviation” in Moscow 1928’, Soviet Studies, 41 (1989), pp. 382–400.

91. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, p. 177.

92. Merridale, ‘Reluctant Opposition’, pp. 384–8; see too idem, Moscow Politics and the Rise of Stalin: the Communist Party in the Capital 1925–32 (London, 1990) esp. chs 2–3; R. Medvedev Nikolai Bukharin: The Last Years (New York, 1980), pp. 17–18.

93. A. Avtorkhanov Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: a Study in the Technology of Power (Munich, 1959) pp. 117–18.