Сталин и Гитлер

19. H. Giesler Ein anderer Hitler: Bericht seines Architekten Hermann Giesler (Leoni, 1977), pp. 199, 206; G. Troost (ed.) Das Bauen im neuen Reich (Bayreuth, 1939), p. 131.

20. Weihsmann, Bauen unterm, Hakenkreuz, pp. 274–5.

21. Thies, ‘Nazi Architecture’, pp. 45–6.

22. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, p. 254.

23. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, pp. 277–8.

24. Berton, Moscow, p. 226.

25. Berton, Moscow, pp. 228–9; V. Paperny ‘Moscow in the 1930s and the Emergence of a New City’, in H. Günther The Culture of the Stalin Period (London, 1990), pp. 233–4.

26. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, pp. 257–9.

27. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, p. 327.

28. Brumfi eld, History of Russian Architecture, p. 49.

29. Münk, Die Organisation des Raumes, p. 304.

30. Forndran, Die Stadt-und Industrigründungen, pp. 88–9; M. Cluet L’Architecture du Hie Reich: Origines intellectuelles et visées idéologiques (Bern, 1987), pp. 201–4.

31. Weihsmann, Bauen unterm Hakenkreuz, p. 28.

32. Münk, Die Organisation des Raumes, pp. 306–7; on Wolfsburg see C. Schneider Stadtgründung im Dritten Reich: Wolfsburg und Salzgitter (Munich, 1979).

33. Weihsmann, Bauen unterm Hakenkreuz, p. 22.

34. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 140. The calculation was in current (1960s) marks.

35. T. Harlander and G. Fehl (eds) Hitlers sozialer Wohnungsbau 1940–1945: Wohnungs politik, Baugestaltung und Siedlungsplanung (Hamburg, 1986), p. 111: Memorandum of D AF ‘Die sozialen Aufgaben nach dem Kriege’, 1941.

36. Harlander and Fehl, Hitlers sozialer Wohnungsbau, p. 116: DAF Homesteads Offi ce Totale Planung und Gestaltung’, 1940.

37. Harlander and Fehl Hitlers sozialer Wohnungsbau, pp. 131–2: Hitler Decree ‘Das Grundgesetz des sozialen Wohnungsbau’, 25 November 1940.

38. On the plans for the new economy area see for example H. Kahrs ‘Von der “Grossraumwirtschaft” zur “Neuen Ordnung”’, in H. Kahrs (ed.) Modelle für ein deutsches Europa: Ökonomie und Herrschaft im Grosswirtschaftsraum (Berlin, 1992), pp. 9–26.

39. Thies, ‘Nazi Architecture’, pp. 54–8.

40. S. Steinbacher ‘Musterstadt Auschwitz’: Germanisierungspolitik und Judenmord in Ostoberschlesien (Munich, 2000), pp. 223–4, 238.

41. D. Dwork and R. J. van Pelt Auschwitz: 1270 to the Present (New York, 1996), p. 156.

42. Dwork and van Pelt, Auschwitz, pp. 241–4.

43. Steinbacher, ‘Musterstadt Auschwitz’, p. 224; G. Aly and S. Heim Architects of Annihilation: Auschwitz and the Logic of Destruction (London, 2002), pp. 106–12.

44. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, p. 284.

45. Starr, ‘Visionary Town Planning’, pp. 208, 210; Stites, Revolutionary Dreams, pp. 197–8.

46. Starr, ‘Visionary Town Planning’, p. 238; Stites, Revolutionary Dreams, pp. 97–8.

47. Blomquist, ‘Utopian Elements in Stalinist Art’, p. 298; on the ambiguity between modernity and progress see C. Caldenby The Vision of a Rational Architecture’, Russian Review, 11 (1984), pp. 269–82.

48. Brumfi eld, History of Russian Architecture, pp. 486–7.

49. Colton, Socialist Metropolis, p. 223.

50. S. Kotkin Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as Civilization (Berkeley, Calif., 1995), pp. 34, 397.

51. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain, pp. 116–17, 120; see too Caldenby, ‘Rational Architecture’, pp. 270–71.

52. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain, p. 117.

53. Kotkin, Magnetic Mountain, pp. 125, 134–5.

54. F. Rouvidois ‘Utopia and Totalitarianism’, in R. Schner, G. Claeys and L. T. Sargent (eds) Utopia: the Search for the Ideal Society in the Western World (New York, 2000), p. 330.

55. D. Schoenbaum Hitler’s Social Revolution: Class and Status in Nazi Germany 1933–1939 (New York, 1966), p. 38.

56. R. Zitelmann Hitler: the Politics of Seduction (London, 1999), pp. 109, 127; E. Syring Hitler: seine politische Utopie (Frankfurt am Main, 1994), pp. 170–71.

57. Zitelmann, Hitler, pp. 145, 147.

58. S. Fitzpatrick ‘Ascribing Class: The Construction of Social Identity in Soviet Russia’, Journal of Modern History, 65 (1993), pp. 749–50; see too G. Alexopoulos Stalin’s Outcasts: Aliens, Citizens, and the Soviet State 1926–1936 (Ithaca, NY, 2003), pp. 14–17, 21–5.

59. Zitelmann, Hitler, pp. 127, 145; Schoenbaum, Hitler’s Social Revolution, pp. 65–6; F. L. Kroll Utopie als Ideologie: Geschichtsdenken und politisches Handeln im Dritten Reich (Paderborn, 1998), pp. 35–9.

60. A. Kolnai The War Against the West (London, 1938), pp. 73, 80.

61. Münk, Organisation des Raumes, p. 67.

62. F. Janka Die braune Gesellschaft: ein Volk wird formatiert (Stuttgart, 1997), pp. 172–85, 196–7; see too Syring, Hitler: seine politische Utopie, pp. 22–9, 210.

63. Münk, Organisation des Raumes, p. 63

64. Schoenbaum, Hitler’s Social Revolution, p. 62.

65. Schoenbaum, Hitler’s Social Revolution, p. 57.

66. A. Lüdtke The “Honor of Labor”: Industrial Workers and the Power of Symbols under National Socialism’, in D. Crew (ed.) Nazism and German Society 1933–1945 (London, 1994), pp. 67–109.

67. Zitelmann, Hitler, pp. 154–6.