The Augustan Empire 43 BC

History, St John's College, Oxford

The place of religion: Rome in the early Empire 812

by s. r. f. price, Fellow and Tutor in Ancient History, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford

I Myths and place 814

II The re-placing of Roman religion 820

Imperial rituals 837

Rome and Her empire 841

The origins and spread of Christianity 848 by g.w. clarke, Director, Humanities Research Centre, and Professor of Classical Studies, Australian National University

I Origins and spread 848

II Christians and the law 866

III Conclusion 871

Social status and social legislation 873 by susan treggiari, Professor of Classics and Bass

Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University

I Legal distinctions 873

II Social distinctions 875

Social problems at the beginning of the Principate 883

The social legislation of Augustus and the Julio-

Claudians 886

The impact of the Principate on society 897

Literature and society 905 by Gavin townend, Emeritus Professor of Eat in in the University of Durham

Definition of the period 905

Patronage and its obligations 907

Rhetoric and escapism 916

The justification of literature 921

The accessibility of literature 926

Roman art, 43 в.с. to a.d. 69 930 by Mario torelli, Professor of Archaeology and the

History of Greek and Roman Art, University of Perugia

I The general characteristics of Augustan Classicism 930

The creation of the Augustan model 934

From Tiberius to Nero: the crisis of the model 952

Early classical private law 959 by bruce w. frier, Professor of Classics and Roman Earn, University of Michigan

I The jurists and the Principate 959

II Augustus' procedural reforms 961

Labeo 964

Proculians and Sabinians 969

Legal writing and education 973 VI Imperial intervention 974

VII The Flavian jurists 97^

Appendices to chapter 13a by м.н. crawford

I Consular dating formulae in republican Italy 979

II Survival of Greek language and institutions 981

Inscriptions in languages other than Latin after the

Social War 983

Italian calendars 985

Votive deposits 987 VI Epichoric funerary practices 987

VII Diffusion of alien grave stelae 989

Stemmata 990

Chronological table 995

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbreviations page 1006

A General studies 1015

В Sources 1019

Works on ancient authors 1 о 19

Epigraphy 1027

Numismatics 1031

Papyrology 1034

С Political history 1035

The triumviral period and the reign of Augustus 103 5

The expansion of the empire, 43.b.c.-a.d. 69 1044

The Julio-Claudians and the year a.d. 69 1047

D Government and administration 1050

The imperial court 1050

The Senate and the equities 105 1

Provincial administration 1053

The imperial wealth ^io54

The army and the navy 1056

The administration of justice 1059

E Italy and the provinces 1061

Italy 1061

Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica 1066

Spain 1068

Gaul 1070

Britain 1082

Germany 1083

Raetia 1084

The Balkans 1086

Africa 1089

Cyrene 1091

Greece and Asia Minor ^io93

Egypt 1097

Syria 1100

Judaea 1104

F Society, religion and culture 1111

Society and its institutions 1111

Religion 1114

Art and architecture 1120

Law 113 5

Index 113 8

NOTE ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY The bibliography is arranged in sections dealing with specific topics, which sometimes correspond to individual chapters but more often combine the contents of several chapters. References in the footnotes are to these sections (which are distinguished by capital letters) and within these sections each book or article has assigned to it a number which is quoted in the footnotes. In these, so as to provide a quick indication of the nature of the work referred to, the author's name and the date of publication are also included in each reference. Thus 'Syme 1986 (a 95) 50' signifies 'R. Syme, The Augustan Revolution, Oxford, 1986, p. 50', to be found in Section a of the bibliography as item 95.MAPS

The Roman world in the time of Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors page xvi

Italy and the eastern Mediterranean 2

Italy 416

Sicily 436

Sardinia and Corsica 444

Spain 450

Gaul 466

Britain as far north as the Humber 5 04

Germany 518 ro Raetia 536

Military bases, cities and settlements in the Danubian provinces 5 46

Geography and native peoples of the Danubian provinces 5 60

Africa 588

Cyrene 620

Greece and the Aegean 642

Asia Minor 660

Egypt 678

Physical geography of the Near East 704

Syria and Arabia 710

Judaea 738

The eastern Mediterranean in the first century a.d. illustrating the origins and spread of Christianity 850

TEXT-FIGURES

Actium: fleet positions at the beginning of the battle page 60

Distribution of legions, 44 в.с. 374

Rodgen, Germany: ground-plan of Augustan supply base 380

Distribution of legions, a.d. 14 386

Vetera (Xanten), Germany: ground-plan of a double

legionary fortress, Neronian date 390

Valkenburg, Holland: fort-plan, c. a.d. 40 392