The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

179. TNA, FO 898/176, ‘Psychological Warfare in the Mediterranean Theater’, 31 Aug 1945, 14; FO 898/318, Dr Vojacek to PWE, 19 Feb 1943; Dr Vojacek to PWE, 11 Jan 1943.

180. TNA, FO 898/318, memorandum by Elizabeth Barker (PWE), ‘Probable Effects of Intensified Large-Scale Bombing of Densely Populated Areas in South-Eastern Europe’, 26 Jan 1944; PWE memorandum, ‘The Bombing of Romania, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Jugoslavia’ [n.d.].

181. TNA, FO 898/318, PWE Regional Director (Czechoslovakia) to Calder, 25 Jan 1944.

182. TNA, FO 898/437, Wing Commander Burt-Andrews to Elizabeth Barker, 10 Dec 1943; FO 898/318, Barker memorandum, 26 Jan 1944, 2.

183. Charles Webster, Noble Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany, 1939–1945, 4 vols (London: 1961), vol 4, 508–9, 518.

184. TNA, AIR 20/3238, HQ RAF Middle East to Air Ministry, 26 Apr 1942; Air Ministry memorandum, ‘Tactical Appreciation on the Interruption of Axis Supplies of Oil from Romania’, 21 Dec 1942; Churchill to Portal, 28 Feb 1943; Portal to Churchill, 9 Mar 1943.

185. TNA, PREM 3/374/6, Churchill to Eden, 10 Mar 1943; Ismay to Churchill, 18 May 1943; Eisenhower to CCS, 25 May 1943.

186. TNA, AIR 20/3238, Air Ministry to Mediterranean Air Command, 31 May 1943; Portal to Tedder, 2 June 1943.

187. TNA, AIR 20/3238, Eisenhower to CCS, 25 May 1943; PREM 3/374/6, minute by Ismay, 19 June 1943; Ismay to Churchill, 23 June 1943.

188. TNA, AIR 20/3238, Lt. Col. W. Forster to E. Berthoud (Cairo Embassy), 3 Aug 1943.

189. Cooke, Nesbit, Target: Hitler’s Oil, 86–7.

190. TNA, AIR 20/3238, HQ RAF Middle East to Air Ministry, 3 Aug 1943; Report, ‘Bombing of Roumanian Oilfields’, 9 Aug 1943. For details of both raids see Wesley F. Craven, James L. Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II: Europe: Torch to Pointblank (Chicago, IL: 1949), 481–4; Cooke, Nesbit, Target: Hitler’s Oil, 89–96.

191. TNA, AIR 20/3238, H. Knatchbull-Hugesson to the Foreign Office, 8 Aug 1943.

192. AFHRA, Disc MAAF/233, HQ MAAF, ‘Notes on Strategic Bombardment Conference, Gibraltar, 8–10 November 1943’, 11 Nov 1943, 2; Richard G. Davis, Bombing the European Axis Powers: A Historical Digest of the Combined Bomber Offensive, 1939–1945 (Maxwell AFB, AL: 2006), 322–4.

193. FDRL, Map Room Files, Box 136, Arnold to Spaatz, 17 Mar 1944; CoS to Wilson and Spaatz, 22 Mar 1944; AFHRA, Disc MAAF/233, Air Ministry to Eaker, 11 Apr 1944.

194. Akten zur Deutschen auswärtigen Politik: Serie E, Band VIII: 1 Mai 1944 bis 8 Mai 1945 (Göttingen: 1979), 99–100, Joachim von Ribbentrop to Bucharest Embassy, 6 June 1944.

195. ADAP: Serie E, Band VIII, 114, OKW to Ambassador Ritter, 7 June 1944 (appointment from 4 June 1944).

196. TNA, AIR 23/7776, Fifteenth Air Force, ‘The Air Battle of Ploesti’, Mar 1945, 2, 6, 61–8, 81.

197. Cooke, Nesbit, Target: Hitler’s Oil, 105–6; AFRHA, Disc MAAF/233, HQ MAAF, Operation Order for Mining the Danube, 25 Apr 1944.

198. ADAP: Serie E, Band VIII, 383–4, Budapest Embassy to the German Foreign Office, 30 Aug 1944; Karl-Heinz Frieser (ed), DRZW: Band 8: Die Ostfront 1943/44 (Stuttgart: 2007), 782–800.

199. NARA, RG 107, Lovett papers, Box 28, Eaker to Robert Lovett, 18 Sept 1944; FDRL, President’s Secretary’s Files, Box 82, Arnold to Roosevelt, 22 Sept 1944.

200. TNA, WO 204/1068, Air Ministry to Air Force HQ, Algiers, 4 Apr 1944.

201. AFHRA, MAAF/233, HQ MAAF, Intelligence Section, ‘The Balkan Situation – Possibilities of Air Attack’, 24 Apr 1944, 13.

202. Ibid., Portal to Spaatz and Wilson, 30 May 1944.

203. NARA, RG 107, Box 28, Eaker to Lovett, 18 Sept 1944, 2–3; Davis, Bombing the European Axis Powers, 323.

204. AFHRA, Disc MAAF/233, HQ MAAF, Intelligence Section, ‘Priority List of Strategic Targets in MAAF Area’, 31 July 1944.

205. Ibid., HQ MAAF, Operational Instruction 111, 21 Mar 1945, 1–2.

206. Ibid., HQ MAAF, cypher message to all air staff, 24 Apr 1944. See too John Deane, The Strange Alliance: The Story of American Efforts at Wartime Co-operation with Russia (London: 1947), 128–9.

207. TNA, AIR 20/3229, HQ MAAF to Air Ministry, 9 Nov 1944; JSM Washington to AMSSO (Moscow), 19 Nov 1944; Deane, The Strange Alliance, 132–4.

208. TNA, AIR, 20/3229 Spaatz to Arnold, 29 Nov 1944; US Joint Chiefs to John Deane, Military Mission, Moscow; Joint Planning Staff memorandum, ‘Co-ordination of Allied Operations’, 23 Jan 1945.

209. FDRL, President’s Secretary’s Files, Box 82, Arnold to Roosevelt, 17 Sept 1944, 2.