The Bombing War: Europe 1939-1945

53. FHA, Foley papers, Mss 448, Box 1/5, J. M. Spaight, ‘Bombing Policy’, 12 Sept 1941.

54. Ibid., Box 1/1, Rev. Canon F. Cockin to Thomas Foley, 1 Oct 1941.

55. RAFM, Peirse papers, AC 71/13/61–2, speech to the Thirty Club, 25 Nov 1941, 11.

EPILOGUE: LESSONS LEARNED AND NOT LEARNED: BOMBING INTO THE POST-WAR WORLD

1. Lord Tedder, ‘Air Power in War: The Lees Knowles Lectures’, Air Ministry pamphlet 235, Sept 1947, 13.

2. USMA, Lincoln papers, Box 5, File 5/2, Presentation to the President by Maj. Gen. Lauris Norstad, 29 Oct 1946, ‘Postwar Military Establishment’, 11. Also 5, ‘future war’ will be ‘truly total’, and 6, ‘We must prepare for total war.’

3. USMA, Lincoln papers, Box 5, File 5/3, ‘Industrial Mobilization’, lecture to the General Session of the National Industrial Conference Board, 28 May 1947.

4. Tedder, ‘Air Power and War’, 12–13; USMA, Lincoln papers, Box 5, File 5/2, address by Lauris Norstad, National War College, ‘U.S. Vital Strategic Interests’, 22 Nov 1946, 2 (emphasis in both originals).

5. RAFM, Bottomley papers, AC 71/2/97, Director of Command and Staff Training to Bottomley, 23 Apr 1947; TNA, AIR 20/6361, Air Ministry Exercise Thunderbolt, vol I, Aug 1947, foreword by Lord Tedder; UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/BBSU/3/75, Exercise Thunderbolt, Joining Instructions, Pt II.

6. UEA, Zuckerman Archive, SZ/BBSU/3/75, Exercise Thunderbolt: Precis Folder, 10–17 Aug 1947; on the economy, TNA, AIR 20/6361, Air Ministry Exercise Thunderbolt, Presentation and Report, vol II, item 20: ‘neither the day nor the night offensive succeeded in their strategic task of destroying the enemy’s economy’.

7. Tedder, ‘Air Power and War’, 13, See too TNA, AIR 20/6361, Exercise Thunderbolt, vol II, item 20, 130.

8. RAFM, Bottomley papers, B2318, ‘Thunderbolt Exercise: Note on the Potentialities of Biological Warfare’, 13 Aug 1947; Note by Bottomley [n.d. but Aug 1947].

9. USMA, Lincoln papers, Box 5, 5/2, Somervell address, ‘Industrial Mobilization’, 7.

10. Ibid., Box 5, 5/2, Draft address by Gen. Wedemeyer to the National War College on ‘Strategy’, 15 Jan 1947, 4, 16, 21.

11. Ibid., Box 5, 5/2, Norstad, ‘Presentation Given to the President’, 27 Oct 1946, 1, 6.

12. Ibid., Box 5, 5/3, Maj. Gen. O. Weyland, Air Force-Civilian Seminar, Maxwell AFB, 20 May 1947.

13. Warren Kozak, LeMay: The Life and Wars of General Curtis LeMay (Washington, DC: 2009), 277–81.

14. TNA, AIR 8/799, Air Ministry (Plans), memorandum for the Defence Committee, 16 Oct 1946, 1.

15. D. A. Rosenberg, ‘American Atomic Strategy and the Hydrogen Bomb Decision’, Journal of American History, 66 (1979), 68.

16. TNA, DEFE 10/390, Joint Inter-Service Group for Study of All-Out Warfare (JIGSAW) papers, minutes of meeting 23 Feb 1960, 1–2; meeting 2 June 1960, 1; meeting 4 Aug 1960, 2.

17. Kenneth Hewitt, ‘Place Annihilation: Area Bombing and the Fate of Urban Places’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 73 (1983), 278–81.

18. On Britain see Nick Tiratsoo, ‘The Reconstruction of Blitzed British Cities 1945–55: Myths and Reality’, Contemporary British History, 14 (2000), 27–44; Stephen Essex, Mark Brayshay, ‘Boldness Diminished? The Post-War Battle to Replan a Bomb-Damaged Provincial City’, Urban History, 35 (2008), 437–61.

19. Jeffry Diefendorf, In the Wake of War: The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II (New York: 1993), 14–15.

20. LSE archive, Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom papers, 2009/52/3, Mary Phillips (Women’s International League), ‘Germany Today: Report on Visit to British Zone May 9 to 27 1947’, 2–3, 5.

21. Leo Grebler, ‘Continuity in the Rebuilding of Bombed Cities in Western Europe’, American Journal of Sociology, 61 (1956), 465–6.

22. LC, Eaker papers, Box I.30, MAAF Intelligence Section, ‘What is the German Saying?’, recording ‘G’.

23. Fred Iklé, The Social Impact of Bomb Destruction (Norman, OK: 1958), 213–15, 218–20.

24. Cited in Tiratsoo, ‘The Reconstruction of Blitzed British Cities’, 28.

25. Ibid., 36.

26. Grebler, ‘Continuity in Rebuilding’, 467–8.

27. Steven Brackman, Harry Garretsen, Marc Schramm, ‘The Strategic Bombing of German Cities during World War II and its Impact on City Growth’, Journal of Economic Geography, 4 (2004), 205, 212.

28. Grebler, ‘Continuity in Rebuilding’, 467.

29. Nicola Lambourne, ‘The Reconstruction of the City’s Historic Monuments’, in Paul Addison, Jeremy Crang (eds), Firestorm: The Bombing of Dresden, 1945 (London: 2006), 151–2, 156–60.