The Historians' History of the World 05

. The massacre of the Germans,

522

. The Roman army meets the Britons,

523

.

CHAPTER XXIII

Cæsar at War against Pompey

(60-48

B.C.

)

528

The war between Cæsar and Pompey,

529

. Cæsar crosses the Rubicon,

532

. Cæsar’s serious position,

534

. Cæsar lord from Rome to Spain,

535

. Cæsar in Greece,

536

. Appian describes the battle of Dyrrhachium,

537

. Pharsalia,

541

.

CHAPTER XXIV

From Pharsalia to the Death of Cato

(48-46

B.C.

)

544

Cæsar in Egypt,

544

. The war with Pharnaces,

551

. Cæsar returns to Rome,

552

. The African War,

554

. Sallust’s comparison of Cæsar and Cato,

558

.

CHAPTER XXV

The Closing Scenes of Cæsar’s Life

(46-44

B.C.

)

560

The end of the African war,

560

. The return to Rome,

562

. Cæsar’s triumphs,

563

. The last campaign,

566

. The last triumph,

569

. Cæsar’s reforms,

572

. Cæsar’s life in Rome,

575

. Events leading to the conspiracy,

578

. The conspiracy,

579

. The assassination,

581

. Appian’s account of Cæsar’s last days,

583

.

CHAPTER XXVI

The Personality and Character of Cæsar

588

Appian compares Cæsar with Alexander,

599

. Mommsen’s estimate of Cæsar’s character,

602

. Mommsen’s estimate of Cæsar’s work,

607

.

CHAPTER XXVII

The Last Days of the Republic

(44-29

B.C.

)

609

Cæsar’s will and funeral,

610

. The acts of the young Octavius,

611

. The proscription,

617

. Death of Cicero,

619

. Brutus and Cassius,

621

. Philippi,

622

. Antony and Cleopatra,

624

. Antony meets with reverses,

625

. Octavian against Antony; the battle of Actium,

630

. Death of Antony and Cleopatra,

631

. An estimate of the personality of Antony,

633

.

CHAPTER XXVIII

The State of Rome at the End of the Republic

637

A retrospective view of the republican constitution,

637

. Literature,

643

. The drama,

645

. Poetry,

647

. The fine arts,

651

. Social conditions; religion,

652

.

Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters

655

PART X

THE HISTORY OF ROME FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES

TO THE YEAR 476 A.D.

BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITIES

AMMIANUS, APPIAN, THOMAS ARNOLD, BARTHÉLEMY AUBE, AUGUSTAN HISTORY,

C. JULIUS CÆSAR, HENRY FYNES CLINTON, CICERO, DION CASSIUS, DIONYSIUS

OF HALICARNASSUS, EUTROPIUS, FLORUS, VICTOR GARDTHAUSEN, EDWARD

GIBBON, OTTO GILBERT, ADOLF HARNACK, G. F. HERTZBERG,

HERODIAN, OTTO HIRSCHFELD, THOMAS HODGKIN, KARL

HOECK, WILHELM IHNE, JORDANES (JORNANDES),

JOSEPHUS, GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS,

H. G. LIDDELL, LIVY, JOACHIM MARQUARDT, CHARLES MERIVALE, EDUARD MEYER,

THEODOR MOMMSEN, MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM, CORNELIUS NEPOS,

B. G. NIEBUHR, PLINY THE ELDER, PLINY THE YOUNGER,

PLUTARCH, POLYBIUS, L. VON RANKE, SALLUST,

WILHELM SOLTAU, STRABO, SUETONIUS,

TACITUS, TILLEMONT, VELLEIUS,

GEORG WEBER, ZOSIMUS

TOGETHER WITH A CHARACTERISATION OF

THE WORLD INFLUENCE OF EARLY ROME

BY

EDUARD MEYER

A STUDY OF

THE SCOPE AND DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY ROMAN HISTORY

BY

WILHELM SOLTAU

A SKETCH OF

THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE

BY

OTTO HIRSCHFELD

AND A SUMMARY OF

THE RELATIONS OF THE ROMAN STATE AND THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH

BY

ADOLF HARNACK

WITH ADDITIONAL CITATIONS FROM

J. J. AMPÈRE, FRIEDRICH BLUHME, GEORGE W. BOTSFORD, A. BOUCHE-LECLERCQ,

KURT BREYSIG, R. W. BROWN, R. BURN, DION CHRYSOSTOM, JACQUES FRANÇOIS

DENIS, JEAN VICTOR DURUY, T. H. DYER, EPICTETUS, A. ESMEIN,

E. A. FREEMAN, G. C. FISKE, GABRIEL H. GAILLARD,

OLIVER GOLDSMITH, ALBERT GUELDENPENNING,

OSCAR JÄGER, JULIAN, THOMAS KEIGHTLEY,

GEORGE LONG, J. N. MADVIG,

MARCUS AURELIUS, VALERIUS MAXIMUS, ARTHUR MURPHY, PHILON, S. REINHARDT,

J. ERNEST RENAN, JOHANN HEINRICH KARL FRIEDRICH HERMANN SCHILLER,

K. W. F. VON SCHLEGEL, F. C. SCHLOSSER, ALBERT SCHWEGLER, L. ANNÆUS

SENECA, M. ANNÆUS SENECA, J. Y. SHEPPARD, JAMES SIME, H. W.

STÖLL, H. TAINE, AMÉDÉE THIERRY, VIRGIL, L. WIEGANDT,

EDUARD VOX WIETERSHEIM, H. S. WILLIAMS, R. H.

WRIGHTSON, XIPHILINUS, K. S. ZACHARIÆ

VON LINGENTHAL

THE WORLD INFLUENCE OF EARLY ROME

Written Specially for the Present Work

By DR. EDUARD MEYER

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin.

It might have been supposed that with the death of Alexander the political connection between the eastern and western halves of the Mediterranean, which had subsisted throughout the whole course of Greek history, was severed except for such occasional and superficial points of contact as, in the nature of things, had never been wholly lacking. As a matter of fact, the West was left to its own devices. But it presently became evident that the development which there took place, untroubled by interference from without, was fraught with consequences of the utmost moment to the Hellenistic political system. By abstaining from peremptory interference while such interference was yet possible, the Macedonian kingdoms permitted a power to arise in Italy so strong that in a very short time it proceeded to aim a fatal blow at their own existence.