The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

41. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5. Fonseca was co-founder of the FSLN. Initially it was called the National Liberation Front. “Sandinista” was added, chiefly at Fonseca’s insistence, in 1962 in honor of the “anti-imperialist” hero, General Augusto César Sandino. Volume 2 will give more detail on KGB links with the FSLN and on other operations in Latin America.

42. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

43. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

44. vol. 8, ch. 10.

45. t-7,173.

46. It was planned to put the Wilhemshaven-Wesseling oil pipeline out of action where it crosses the Lippe river and the Seitenkanal; t-7,277.

47. t-7,65; k-16,380.

48. k-2,186.

49. t-7,163,165,170-2. For examples of radio caches, see this chapter, appendices 2, 3.

50. k-5,483.

51. On the MOLNIYA device, see this chapter, appendix 1. Mitrokhin’s notes do not always identify clearly which caches are booby-trapped.

52. See this chapter, appendix 2.

53. Reuter report (January 18, 1999).

54. k-5,382. The Belgian caches turned out not to be booby-trapped.

55. In 1968-9, the Thirteenth Department had one illegal, PAUL, assisted by his wife VIRGINIA, and two pairs of German illegal agents, on whom Mitrokhin’s notes give no further details; vol. 3, pakapp. 3. There may have been others in files not noted by Mitrokhin.

56. The fullest account of PAUL’s career is in vol. 7, ch. 7; there are a few further details in vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5. On RAG see also k-11,17. PAUL’s file, on which Mitrokhin made detailed notes, gives little indication of the nature of the assistance provided by VIRGINIA.

57. vol. 7, ch. 7; vol. 8, ch. 9; vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5. Among other illegals seconded for shorter periods to Thirteenth Department operations was Vasili Gordievsky (GROMOV), who on a mission to Spain in the winter of 1964-5 selected seven landing sites and eight arms caches for DRG operations. Rodin, the head of the Thirteenth Department, requested the Illegals Directorate to give him an award to mark the success of his mission; t-7,279.

58. vol. 6, ch. 1, part 1.

59. See above, chapter 11.

60. Deryabin and Rastvorov defected in 1954 to the CIA in, respectively, Vienna and Tokyo. In the same year the Petrovs defected in Canberra.

61. vol. 5, sec. 7n.; vol. 2, app. 3.

62. vol. 6, ch. 8, part 6.

63. vol. 2, app. 3; vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

64. See above, chapter 11.

65. Wise, Molehunt, ch. 11; Mangold, Cold Warrior, ch. 12.

66. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

67. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5. The KGB also sought, unsuccessfully, to use its agent in the Canadian RCMP, Jim Morrison (FRIEND), to track down Runge.

68. vol. 2, app. 3.

69. Nureyev, Nureyev, pp. 96-7.

70. Percival, Nureyev, pp. 55-6.

71. vol. 2, app. 3.

72. Sheymov, Tower of Secrets, pp. 92-3. Probably because of the deep lingering hostility to Nureyev among the KGB old guard, he was not rehabilitated in Russia until September 1998, five years after his death in exile. See “Russia reinstates Nureyev,” The Times (September 23, 1998).

73. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

74. Percival, Nureyev, p. 99.

75. vol. 6, ch. 5, part 5.

76. vol. 2, app. 3. Both Nureyev and Makarova were also the targets of numerous KGB active measures designed to discredit them.

77. k-10,155.

78. k-10,154.

79. Ministère Public de la Confédération press release (January 18, 1999). The Swiss press release made no reference to the documents from Mitrokhin’s archives used to locate the cache.

80. k-5,382.

81. k-10,156.

82. k-10,158.

83. k-10,157.

84. k-10,158.

Chapter Twenty-three Special Tasks Part 2

1. vol. 3, pakapp. 3.

2. The earliest reference to Department V (the letter “V,” not the Roman numeral) noted by Mitrokhin was contained in order no. 00197 of October 7, 1965 instructing other FCD departments with agents suitable for use in time of war or international crisis to hand them over to Department V. The Department had probably been founded not long before. vol. 2, app. 3.

3. vol. 3, pakapp. 3.

4. k-16,408.

5. k-26,317.

6. The earliest subsidies recorded by Mitrokhin were 135,000 dollars in February 1968, followed by 100,000 dollars in March. Mitrokhin’s notes on Greek Communist Party files for 1967, however, are very thin and it is likely that the first subsidies to the underground Party were handed over in Budapest during the later months of 1967. k-26,319.

7. k-16,69.

8. See above, chapter 18.

9. k-27,61.

10. k-16,69.

11. k-27,61.

12. k-3,28.

13. k-3,23,24,29.

14. k-3,28; k-26,315,318,323,325,326,384,387,390,394.

15. k-26,322. The Iraqi Communist Party also deposited its archives in the Soviet Union for safekeeping; see volume 2.