The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

119. vol. 6, app. 1, part 37

120. Philby’s original codename had both Russian and German forms, respectively SYNOK and SÖHNCHEN, both meaning “Sonny.”

121. vol. 6, app. 1, part 37

122. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 525-6.

123. See above, chapter 23.

124. Gordievsky, Next Stop Execution, p. 184.

125. Kalugin, Spymaster, p. 131.

Chapter Twenty-five Cold War Operations against Britain Part 2

1. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 24-6. Knightley, Philby; pp. 234-7.

2. Izvestia (October 1, 1971).

3. See above, chapter 7.

4. SIS officers stationed in Beirut since Philby’s defection in 1963 had been identified by the bugging of the British embassy and SIS station in operation RUBIN; vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 38.

5. Izvestia (October 1, 1971). Robert G. Kaiser, “Soviets Name 7 Britons as Mideast Spies,” Washington Post (October 2, 1971).

6. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 29. Al Zaman editorial (May 8, 1972).

7. BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, ME/3823/i (October 27, 1971). Al Zaman editorial (May 8, 1972).

8. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 36.

9. vol. 7, ch. 5, para. 29.

10. L’Orient-Le Jour (Beirut) (May 13, 1972); The Times (April 7, 1973). When later questioned by Knightley about the KGB’s renewed contact with him in the early 1970s, Philby was “a little vague” (Knightley, Philby, p. 237). Philby could scarcely have forgotten the long interview in Izvestia on October 1, 1971, which marked his partial return to favor, but plainly preferred not to talk about it.

11. Kalugin, Spymaster, pp. 133-41. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 544-5.

12. vol. 7, app. 2, item 82.

13. Brook-Shepherd, The Storm Birds, p. 199; West, A Matter of Trust, pp. 171-2.

14. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, pp. 525-6.

15. vol. 7, ch. 6.

16. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 526.

17. vol. 7, ch. 6, para. 9. Mitrokhin’s notes do not record the date at which the bugging of the trade delegation was discovered. In 1989, however, the Soviets publicized their discovery of the bugs some years earlier. Christopher Andrew, Simon O’Dwyer Russell and Robert Porter, “Battle of the Bugs on the Wall,” Sunday Telegraph (June 4, 1989).

18. Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 514.

19. vol. 7, app. 2, item 7. KGB agents in the London embassy on January 15, 1973 were Ivan I. Ippolitov (minister-counselor), Ralf Bernkhardovich Mikenberg (second secretary), V. I. Solovev (third secretary), Andreï Sergeyevich Parastayev (first secretary), Grigori Petrovich Dremlyuga (aide to naval attaché), Andrei Filippovich Pekhterev (senior assistant military attaché), Nikolai Nikolayevich Pleshakov (interpreter), I. A. Bardeyev, (assistant naval attaché), A. A. Abramov (attaché), I. M. Klimanov, Dmitri Alekhin (duty office keeper), Leonid A. Moskvin (third secretary), Vasili A. Tolstoy (duty office keeper), Viktor Mikhailovich Gribanov (trade attaché), Vladimir Petrovich Molotkov, Stanislav Pokrovsky, Lev. A. Konev, Viktor Mikhailovich Ivanov (trade representative) and Tamara Tikhonovna Nikulina.

20. vol. 7, ch. 3, para. 12; vol. 7, ch. 3, paras. 6-7.

21. vol. 7, app. 3; k-27, 453.

22. k-4, 154.

23. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 16.

24. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 17.

25. k-2, 124.

26. See above, chapter 24.

27. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 4.

28. vol. 7, ch. 3.

29. vol. 7, app. 3, n. 8. It does not follow that the KGB succeeded in sending agents or trusted contacts to all these colleges.

30. vol. 7, app. 2, item 77. Because of his difficulty in combining a career as a distinguished research scientist with work as an operational intelligence officer, Lednev was later allowed to leave the KGB, though he was no doubt expected to retain an association with it. According to KGB files, in 1981 he was deputy director of the Institute of Biological Physics in the city of Pushchino. vol. 6, app. 2, part 5.

31. vol. 7, app. 2, item 4. In 1979 Lopatin was succeeded as head of Directorate T by Leonid Sergeyevich Zaitsev, who had also begun specializing in ST while at the London residency in the 1960s. vol. 3, pakapp. 3, items 294-5; Andrew and Gordievsky, KGB, p. 622.

32. k-2, 124. vol. 7, app. 1, item 66.

33. COOPER, who worked in the new products department of a pharmaceutical company; a virologist; a research scientist in a pharmaceutical company; and an engineer at a British nuclear reactor. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 31; k-2, 124; vol. 7, app. 1, item 96.

34. Meetings between STARIK and his controller took place in Paris, those with DAN in Western Europe. In 1975-6 contact with HUNT was maintained by an agent of the Paris residency. Other cases were run by the Copenhagen and Helsinki residencies (k-2, 124; vol. 6, app. 1, part 39; vol. 7, app. 1, items 65, 68).

35. vol. 7, ch. 14, item 12.

36. John Steele, “25 years for the Spy Who Stayed in the Cold,” Daily Telegraph (November 18, 1993).