Ваш мозг. Что нейронаука знает о мозге и его причудах

3. H. De Wit and R.A. Wise, “Blockade of Cocaine Reinforcement In Rats with the Dopamine Receptor Blocker Pimozide, but Not with the Noradrenergic Blockers Phentolamine or Phenoxybenza-mine,” Canadian Journal of Psychology 31, no. 4 (December 1977): 195–203.

^4. G. Di Chiara and A. Imperato, “Drugs Abused by Humans Preferentially Increase Synaptic Dopamine Concentrations in the Meso-limbic System of Freely Moving Rats,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85, no. 14 (July 1988): 5274–5278.

^5. R.A. Wise, “The Dopamine Synapse and the Notion of ‘Pleasure Centers’ in the Brain,” Trends in Neurosciences 3, no. 4 (1980): 91–95.

^6. J.M. Nash, “Addicted: Why Do People Get Hooked?” Time 149, no. 18 (May 1997).

^7. Вкусовые предпочтения крыс можно оценить, приглядевшись к выражениям их мордочек. Если крысе не нравится какой-то вкус (например, ей дали горький раствор), она обычно открывает пасть и трясет головой вперед-назад. Если вкус ей нравится, то она высовывает язык – словно облизывает губы. Любопытно, что младенцы реагируют точно так же. См.: K.C. Berridge and T.E. Robinson, “What Is the Role of Dopamine in Reward: Hedonic Impact, Reward Learning, or Incentive Salience?” Brain Research Reviews 28, no. 3 (December 1998): 309–369.

^8. L.H. Brauer, and H. De Wit, “High Dose Pimozide Does Not Block Amphetamine-Induced Euphoria in Normal Volunteers,” Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 56, no. 2 (February 1997): 265–272.

^9. M. Pignatelli and A. Bonci, “Role of Dopamine Neurons in Reward and Aversion: A Synaptic Plasticity Perspective,” Neuron 86, no. 5 (June 2015): 1145–1157.

^10. J.E. Painter and J. North, “Effects of Visibility and Convenience on Snack Food Consumption,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 103, supplement 9 (September 2003): 166–167.

¹¹ D.J. Nutt, A. Lingford-Hughes, D. Erritzoe, and P.R. Stokes, “The Dopamine Theory of Addiction: 40 Years of Highs and Lows,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16, no. 5 (May 2015): 305–312.

^12. K.G. Berridge and M.L. Kringelbach, “Pleasure Systems in the Brain,” Neuron 86, no. 3 (May 2015): 646–664.

^13. Там же.

^14. D.C. Castro and K.C. Berridge, “Opioid Hedonic Hotspot in Nucleus Accumbens Shell: Mu, Delta, and Kappa Maps for Enhancement of Sweetness ‘Liking’ and ‘Wanting,’” Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 12 (March 2014): 4239–4250.

^15. “Nationwide Trends,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, last modified June 2015, https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/ nationwide-trends.

^16. S. Sussman, N. Lisha, M. Griffiths, “Prevalence of the Addictions: A Problem of the Majority or the Minority?” Evaluation & the Health Professions 34, no. 1 (March 2011): 3-56.

^17. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Maryland: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, 2017).

^18. Sussman et al., “Prevalence of the Addictions,” 3-56.

^19. “Overdose Death Rates,” National Institute on Drug Abuse, last modified January 2019, https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/ trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates.

^20. T.E. Robinson and B. Kolb, “Structural Plasticity Associated with Exposure to Drugs of Abuse,” Neuropharmacology 47, Suppl. 1 (2004): 33–46.

²¹ A.R. Childress, R.N. Ehrman, Z. Wang, Y. Li, N. Sciortino, J. Hakun, W. Jens, et al., “Prelude to Passion: Limbic Activation by ‘Unseen’ Drug and Sexual Cues,” PLoS One 3, no. 1 (January 2008): e1506.

^22. M. Muraven, “Practicing Self-Control Lowers the Risk of Smoking Lapse,” Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 24, no. 3 (September

2010): 446–452.

²³ R.Z. Goldstein and N.D. Volkow, “Dysfunction of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction: Neuroimaging Findings and Clinical Implications,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 12, no. 11 (October 2011): 652–669.

^24. G.F. Koob and N.D. Volkow, “Neurobiology of Addiction: A Neurocircuitry Analysis,” Lancet Psychiatry 3, no. 8 (August 2016): 760–773.

^25. C. Lopez-Quintero, D.S. Hasin, J.P. de Los Cobos, A. Pines, S. Wang, B.F. Grant, and C. Blanco, “Probability and Predictors of Remission from Life-Time Nicotine, Alcohol, Cannabis or Cocaine Dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions,” Addiction 106, no. 3 (March 2011): 657–669.

Глава 9

^1. A Life Without Pain. Movie. Directed by M. Gilbert. Frozen Feet Films, 2015.

^2. J.J. Cox, F. Reimann, A.K. Nicholas, G. Thornton, E. Roberts, K. Springell, G. Karbani, et al., “An SCN9A Channelopathy Causes Congenital Inability to Experience Pain,” Nature 444, no. 7121 (December 2006): 894–898.

^3. M. Berthier, S. Starkstein, and R. Leiguarda,“Asymboliafor Pain: ASensory-Limbic Disconnection Syndrome,” Annals of Neurology 24, no. 1 (July 1988): 41–49.