Великий Китайский Файрвол

30 E. Harwit and D. Clark, ‘Shaping the internet in China: evolution of political control over network infrastructure and content’, Asian Survey 41, № 3 (2001), pp. 377–408.

31 M. Farley, ‘“Cyberdissident” in China on trial for subversion’, Los Angeles Times, 5 December 1998, http://articles.latimes.com/1998/dec/05/news/mn-50740

32 G. Barme and S. Ye, ‘The Great Firewall of China’, Wired, 1 June 1997, https://www.wired.com/1997/06/china-3/

33 Computer Information Network and Internet Security, Protection and Management Regulations, State Council, 1997.

34 J. Griffiths, ‘VPN down: China goes after Astrill, other anti-censorship apps in run up to WW2 anniversary parade’, South China Morning Post, 26 August 2015, http://www.scmp.com/tech/apps-gaming/article/1852658/vpn-down-china-goes-after-astrill-other-anti-censorship-apps-run

35 ‘How censorship works in China: a brief overview’ in ‘Race to the Bottom’: corporate complicity in Chinese internet censorship, New York NY: Human Rights Watch, 2006, https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/3.htm

36 G. Walton, China’s Golden Shield: corporations and the development of surveillance technology in the People’s Republic of China, Montreal: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, 2001, https://web.archive.org/web/20020206170828/http://www.ichrdd.ca/english/commdoc/publications/globalization/goldenShieldEng.html

37 J. Goldsmith and T. Wu, Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a borderless world, New York NY: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 93.

38 Интервью автора с Майклом Робинсоном, январь 2018 г.

39 D. Sheff, ‘Betting on bandwidth’, Wired, 1 February 2002, https://www.wired.com/2001/02/tian/

40 Evolution of Internet in China, China Education and Research Network, 2001, https://web.archive.org/web/20061125232222/http://www.edu.cn/introduction_1378/20060323/t20060323_4285.shtml

41 Sheff, ‘Betting on bandwidth’.

Глава 3

42 Автор этой книги несколько раз беседовал с Ли Хункуанем с мая 2017 г. по февраль 2018 г. лично и по телефону.

43 Laris, ‘Internet police on the prowl in China’, The Washington Post, 24 October 1998.

44 На самом деле это словосочетание переводится как «новостной справочник», но тут заложена игра слов. Есть омоним слова «сяо», который означает «маленький». F. Blumberg, When East Meets West: media research and practice in US and China), Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007, pp. 67–68.

45 Q. He, The Fog of Censorship: media control in China, New York NY: Human Rights in China, 2008.

46 ‘Sitrep no. 29: Article justifies martial law; PLA to use any and all means to enforce martial law; Defense minister appears, so does Li Peng; tension on Tiananmen Square’, US Embassy cable, 3 June 1989, https://wikileaks.com/plusd/cables/89BEIJING15407_a.html

47 G. Barme and S. Ye, ‘The Great Firewall of China’, Wired, 1 June 1997, https://www.wired.com/1997/06/china-3/

48 L. Hai, ‘Statement of Lin Hai, computer scientist, Shanghai, China’, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-107hhrg83512/html/CHRG-107hhrg83512.htm

49 G. Epstein, ‘Cat and mouse’, The Economist, 6 April 2013, https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21574629-how-china-makes-sure-its-internet-abides-rules-cat-and-mouse

50 M. Chase and J. Mulvenon, You’ve Got Dissent! Chinese dissident use of the internet and Beijing’s counter-strategies, Santa Monica CA: Rand Corporation, 2002, p. 54, https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1543.html

51 K. Platt, ‘China hits at e-mail to curb dissent’, The Christian Science Monitor, 31 December 1998, https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/1231/123198.intl.intl.1.html

52 C. Smith, ‘China sentences internet entrepreneur for trading e-mail list with dissidents’, The Wall Street Journal, 21 January 1999, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB916818019827637500

53 Smith, ‘China sentences internet entrepreneur’.

54 Barme and Ye, ‘The Great Firewall of China’.

55 S. Lubman, ‘China convicts Tiananmen Spring dissidents’, UPI, 5 January 1991, http://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/01/05/China-convicts-Tiananmen-Spring-dissidents/1900663051600/

56 M. Farley, ‘China is abuzz over openness’, Los Angeles Times, 30 June 1998, http://articles.latimes.com/1998/jun/30/news/mn-65084

57 ‘Wei Jingsheng released’, Human Rights Watch, 16 November 1997, https://www.hrw.org/news/1997/11/16/wei-jingsheng-released

58 ‘UN treaty bodies and China’, Human Rights in China, https://www.hrichina.org/en/un-treaty-bodies-and-china

59 J. Goldsmith and T. Wu, Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a borderless world, New York NY: Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 90–1.

60 ‘China dissidents add branches to banned opposition party’, Los Angeles Times, 5 February 1999, http://articles.latimes.com/1999/feb/05/news/mn-5115

61 Chase and Mulvenon, You’ve Got Dissent! p. 12.