Where the Iron Crosses Grow

5. Milner, The Crimea: Its Ancient and Modern History: the Khans, the Sultans, and the Czars, pp. 220–222.

6. Milner, The Crimea: Its Ancient and Modern History: the Khans, the Sultans, and the Czars, p. 279.

7. W. Bruce Lincoln, The Romanovs: Autocrats of all the Russias (New York: Anchor Books, 1981), pp. 233–235.

8. John N. Lenker, Lutherans in all lands: the wonderful works of God, Volume 2 (Milwaukee, WI: Lutherans in all Lands Company, 1896), pp. 450.

9. The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle for 1855, Volume 24 (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co., 1855), pp. 581–582.

10. Apollon G. Zarubin, Bez Pobeditelei: Iz Istorii Grazhdanskoi Voiny v Krymu [Without Winners: From the History of the Civil War in the Crimea] (Simferopol: Antiqua, 2008).

11. Peter Kenez, Civil War in South Russia, 1919–1920: the Defeat of the Whites (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1977), p. 192.

12. Vladimir I. Lenin, Protest to the German Government Against the Occupation of the Crimea, May 11, 1918, Collected Works, 4th English Edition, Volume 27 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1972), pp. 358–359.

13. The German forces in the Crimea in 1918 included the Bavarian Cavalry Division, 15. Landwehr-Division and the 217. Infanterie-Division.

14. Stephen McLaughlin, Russian and Soviet Battleships (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003), p. 308.

15. David Snook, British Naval Operations in the Black Sea 1918–1920, Part 1, Warship International, Volume XXVI, No. 1 (1989), p. 44.

16. J. Kim Munholland, The French army and intervention in Southern Russia, 1918–1919, Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, Volume 22, Issue 1, 1981, pp. 43–66.

17. Snook, British Naval Operations in the Black Sea 1918–1920, Part 1, p. 45.

18. Snook, British Naval Operations in the Black Sea 1918–1920, Part 1, p. 45.

19. W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), pp. 423–424.

20. Vladimir K. Triandafillov, “Perekopskaya Opyeratsiya Krasnoy armii” [Perekop Operation of the Red Army] in Boris Gulubev (ed.) Perekop and Chongar (Moscow: Military Publishing, 1933), p. 63.

Chapter 1

1. Mikhail V. Frunze, “Pamyat Perekop I Chongar” [Memories of Perekop and Chongar] in Boris Gulubev (ed.) Perekop and Chongar (Moscow: Military Publishing, 1933), pp. 23–32.

2. W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), p. 449.

3. Vasiliy I. Achkasov and Nikolai B. Pavlovich, Soviet Naval Operations in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1981), p. 19.

4. Stephen McLaughlin, Russian and Soviet Battleships (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003), p. 310.

Chapter 2

1. Richard W. Harrison, The Russian Way of War: Operational Art, 1904–1940 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001), pp. 247–269.

2. Aleksandr B. Shirokorad, Bitva za Krym [Battle of the Crimea] (Moscow: AST, 2005).

3. Christer Bergström and Andrey Mikhailov, Black Cross, Red Star: The Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume 1 (Pacifica, CA: Pacifica Military History, 2000), pp. 67–69.

4. Hugh Trevor-Roper (ed.), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945 (London: Birlinn Ltd, 2004), p. 96.

5. Heather Pringle, The Master Plan: Himmler’s Scholars and the Holocaust (New York City: Hyperion Books, 2006).

6. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s War Directives 1939–1945, pp. 143, 149.

7. Hilda Riss, Germans from Crimea in Labor Camps of Sverdlovsk District, Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Russland Heimatbuch, 2007/2008, pp. 58–91.