Западноевропейское искусство от Хогарта до Сальвадора Дали

4. Courbet liked the Luncheon on the Grass. 4. Manet never painted subjects from contemporary history. 6. A Bar at the Folie-Bergere is a brilliant restatement of Manet's earlier interest in the human figure.

II. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?

1. Where did Manet study painting?

2. What did Manet exhibit in 1863? How was this painting accepted by the public?

3. Why did the Luncheon on the Grass create an uproar? What had Manet wittily adapted in this picture? What did Manet point out by this painting? What did the erasure of form allow Manet to do? What enigma did Manet pose in this work of art?

4. What event does the Execution of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico

record? How did Manet treat the incident? How are the figures arranged?

5. What picture was painted two years before Manet's premature death? What is depicted in the background? What role does the mirror play in this picture? What does this mirror recall?

6. Why is A Bar at the Folie-Bergere considered to be the most complex image in the history of art? What makes this painting the most monumental accomplishment of the Impressionists?

III. i. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

an insoluble enigma; the brilliant brushwork; immediate vision; illumination comes from the direction of the observer; a subject from contemporary history; the broken brushwork; to record an event; to make a close study of; to take a snapshot of the scene; a tragic subject; to give up the Hat style; to adopt the brilliant palette; an elaborately staged protest composition; the reflection in the mirror.

ii. Give English equivalents of the following phrases:

неразрешимая загадка; сосредоточиться на свете; великолепный мазок; отказаться от плоского стиля; запечатлеть событие; богатая цветовая гамма; разорванный мазок; подражать композиции и позам гравюр XVI в.; отражение в зеркале; свет исходит со стороны зрителя; тщательно изучить; трагическая тема.

iii. Make up questions of your own with the given phrases.

iv. Arrange the following in the pairs of synonyms:

a) brilliant; to eliminate; broken; tragic; subject; to give up;

b) disastrous; to refuse; theme; to exclude; split; dazzling.

IV. Here are descriptions of some of Manet's works of art. Match them up to the titles given below.

1. The picture consists of coloured uniforms, a briskly painted background, and puffs of smoke.

2. The grouping of a nude female figure and two fully clothed men in a public park created an uproar.

3. The entire background is constituted by the marble bar, laden with fruit, flowers and bottles of champagne and liqueurs.

a. A Bar at the Folie-Bergure

b. Execution of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico

c. Luncheon on the Grass

V. Translate the text into English.

Формирование импрессионистов началось вокруг Эдуарда Мане, который получил образование в мастерской Кутюра, одного из столпов академического искусства. Однако подлинными учителями Мане явились Тициан, Веласкес, Гойя, Хале, Рубенс. Старые мастера, прежде всего, были для него предметом восхищения. Мане отличало от импрессионистов то, что он не отказался от широкого мазка, от обобщенной реалистической характеристики и сохранил синтетичность формы и цельность передаваемых характеров. Однако многое связывает Мане с импрессинизмом. Наиболее «импрессионистическое» произведение Мане – «Бар «Фоли-Бержер». В творчестве Эдуарда Мане, с одной стороны, нашли завершение классические реалистические традиции французского искусства XIX в., с другой – сделаны первые шаги в решении проблем, которые станут основными в развитии западноевропейского реализма XX в.

VI. Summarize the text.

VII. Topics for discussion.

1. Manet's early works of art.

2. Manet's Impressionist paintings.

3. Manet's artistic heritage.

Unit XI Monet (1840-1926)