118 исторических миниатюр и 108 авторских текстов на 13 иностранных языках. Сборник (СИ)

On the one hand - the person, who created sources of the all-European culture of distant ocean sailings.

On the other hand, second in a history the round-the-world seafarer, successful seaman and the soldier, and is possible - "pirate". Let's add to said "captain", and, maybe, and - "naval commander".

And Prince Henry the Navigator, and Francis Drake were the people successful. There can be, a comparison of separate features, of parameters of success - is permissible.

Let's mark - for historical distinctness - that Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 - 1460) lived before English seaman Francis Drake (approximately 1540 - 1596). Drake was born approximately in 80 years after completion of a zoetic path of great Portuguese prince.

Naturally, Prince Henry the Navigator could not take advantage of something from experience or from discoverings of sir Francis Drake.

To the contrary, and during second in a history of around-the-world cruise (1577-1580), and during diverse expeditions Francis Drake has used that cultural potential, to formation which Prince Henry the Navigator made start. In sailings Francis Drake we see, that become a reality both new "engineering" and new cultural "format" of navigation.

Drake had ability to intuitive knowledge, to improvising, suddenness. But Francis Drake could not make a little long voyage without planned use, rationality, discipline, development of intellect (fissile usage of knowledge and skills), without results of civilization efforts Prince Henry the Navigator. Who have made of the ship not a simplly nautational means, but small terrain unified (christian in that time) Europe.

It is understandable, that the element of opposition , on the one hand, disciplines, planned use, intellectuality, and, with another, - improvising, capacity to intuitive knowledge, steady tendency to achievement of good luck, - is partly conditional, is illustrative.

It is clear, that Prince Henry the Navigator, outfitting all new and new expeditions along the African coast, acted partly intuitively, and Francis Drake could not to fulfill the voyages without the order, discipline and calculation.

Consideration of a subject "the order and improvisation", the consideration of activity Prince Henry the Navigator and Francis Drake makes by a subject of attention the participants of the first around-the-world cruise: Ferdinand Magellan, Juan Sebastian del Cano, Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa.

Historically after Prince Henry the Navigator (years of life: 1394 - 1460) followed Ferdinand Magellan (years of life: approximately 1480 - 1521), Juan Sebastian del Cano (years of life: 1486-1526), Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa (one of presumable versions of dating of the birth and death: approximately 1490 - after 1550), and behind them - Francis Drake (years of life: approximately 1540-1596).

2. Henry the Navigator (rationality and planned use, discipline)

The cultural revolution in european (and global) seamanship is connected to a name Henry the Navigator.

At first, rather brief sea voyages (tied to the coast ) on courts with paddles (galera) step-by-step of steel to leave in past (or on the second schedule). Them were succeeded by long ocean voyages on sailing ships (caravels).

In this point of reasoning we have the right to recollect about Vikings and their distant ocean sailings. Those most ancient samples of the ships Vikings, which one were kept till now, are dated IX by century. They are intended as for rowing (as for the course on oars), and for the course under a sail [2]. But in XI century for Vikings used also clean sailing vessels (alongside with the ships equipped with oars and a sail) [2].

"Due to skill of the seamen and art of the shipbuilders Vikings were the sovereigns of the seas, and their courageous instructions to the seafarers prolong confidently to sound through centuries: "From Hernar in Norway be floating directly to the west, to Greenland ..." [2].

The culture of distant marine sailings of Vikings was a part of enough especial ethnic -religious culture.

The memory on distant ocean sailings of vVikings clearly demonstrates one more cultural merit Henry the Navigator - the merit, maybe, exceeding "technical" replacement of galeras on caravels.

Secondly, Henry the Navigator made the ship the territory of the all-European culture, the small territory big (Christian at that time) Europe.

The theses about "the all-European culture", about "the European community" with reference to a boundary 1400 - 1500 years can to someone show hypothetical. However structure of distant marine expeditions, including expedition of Magallanes, allows to use such terms. A considerable proportion of a personal structure of the first round-the-world expedition - Spaniards. The chief - Ferdinand Magellan - the Portuguese, Antonio Pigafetta, drawing up diary of expedition, - Italian.