118 исторических миниатюр и 108 авторских текстов на 13 иностранных языках. Сборник (СИ)

With Magallanes many aliens have departed "to expedition: at least thirty seven Portuguese, seventeen Italians, five фламандцев (mainly бомбардиров), some germans, Englishmen, Africans, Arabs, Basques, Greeks, inhabitants of Azores and Madeira" [3].

By and large, the participants of expedition perceived one another, cooperated, jointly overcame considerable difficulties.

"Thanks to connection of dynastic lines Carl inherited huge territories in Western, Southern and Central Europe, earlier never integrated ... (...) Actually Carl was the first governor (ruler) of unified Spain in 1516-1556 years ... Itself Carl officially was the king of Aragon (as Carl I, Spanish: Carlos I, 1516-1556), and in Castile was Regent of his the mother ... " [4].

Probably, there are basis for a conclusion about the all-European structure of the first round-the-world expedition.

The ship on a boundary 1400 - 1500 years became a place of a faith, discipline, accumulation of knowledge.

The ship went to a long voyage with particular purposes, the captain received rather detailed instructions.

In sailing the definite rules bolstering discipline, rallying crew, guides it to achievement of effective objectives worked. Not having communications with a native land the ship, nevertheless, as a whole, in general followed the regulations and the rules developed the European practice. Having returned from sailing, the crew of expedition enriches all-european community by the obtained knowledge. Let's mark, that to the moment of a beginning of the first round-the-world expedition already there were those oldest universities, in which one has listened cycles of the lectures in XIX century Heinrich Schliemann: the Parisian university (Paris-Sorbonne University), founded in 1215, and Neapolitan university (The University of Naples), founded in 1224. Approximately 1440 dates a beginning european mechanical movable type printing of the books (Johann Gutenberg).

Observatory and a school of navigators and map-makers, organized by Henry the Navigator have activated enormous, global processes.

3. Ferdinand Magellan (talent, intuition, resoluteness, discipline)

Though Henry the Navigator and Ferdinand Magellan also could not be personally familiar, but we have the right to draw a conclusion, that Magellan was the representative of cultural traditions of the long sea voyages initiated by Henry the Navigator.

"On September 20, 1519 the squadron Magallanes has left in the high sea" [3].

During the first around-the-world cruise expedicion de Magallanes-Del Cano (1519-1522) there were some extreme moments.

One of them - the mutiny which has taken place in the first numbers of April, 1520, even before passing of the Strait called later by the name of Magellan.

Not it was pleasant to all participants of spanish expedition, that it heads by Portuguese navigator. But if the sea voyage at "a initial" phase was accompanied by apparent successes and sensation of safety, hardly nationality of the chief would have essential value. But the success was still far, and sensation of danger was in air. In some measure the mutiny was based on opposition to the "alien" Portuguese.

Words said Magallanes for day up to supression of mutiny: "my solution is solid: I will better experience the heaviest deprivations, than with a shame return back in Spain" [3].

The ships of expedition of Magallanes - part of an european civilization; on the ships already - european orders acts - more or less standard.

As a part of an expedition there are officials with special functions. One of such officials, quoters of the Crown - Spaniard - responds for observance of the law order. His positions, probably, unambiguous modern analogy can't be picked up. In one books him call as the judge, chief justice, in other - police officer. There is also such version of translation of concept "alguacil" in modern realities: the bailiff. The Stefan Zweig will use the original naming of the position: he decided to name Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa "alguacil of fleet" [5] (alguacil mayor de la armada de Magallanes) (preboste de la flota ("alguazil")). By the literature, Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa was the judge above the participants of mutiny.

Probably, approximately exact will be generalized comprehension: "accountable for the law order with judicial and administrative functions". (Once again we shall mark, that Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa - certainly not navigator; he - figure of an sphere of control (management sphere)).

Ferdinand Magellan routes alguacil Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa to one of the chiefs of mutiny with an order to demand subordination and termination of mutiny, and at resistance - to apply force.