Читаем 2006_X_kongress полностью
^Wf jV flUl, Tfl lbUiejViFjQ – `gfdf`geeldfN Vi bgGgejg ]ldfì_geeXM Vi^iT. :.+. Cgeje ZTj_, Tfl eg_NVW lfbXìfN ^gWfg_NeldfN `XSlbeXM lbUiel` lf ^gWfg_Neldfj g@ ]gb`jTeXM WTgg[ j [iI^lUl T_gei ]ibfjj. i lfT@feXQ ]gbjl^ SX_l ]bl`g^gel 35 Vidg^iejQ Bbì_gejW EBC, Tfl dllf`gfdf`Zgf fbgSlìejW\ dfiì ]ibfjj. 5g SX_l ej l^- elUl d_ZTiW eibZGgejW dbl[l` dlVXì Vidg^iejQ Bbì_gejW EBC. 5i `dgM lS_idfgQ ^gWfg_Neldfj ]ibfjj. id_ZGjì_jdN lfT@fX T_gel` ]ibfjj – ^g]Zfifl` `dgM ZblègQ, lfT@fX j je8lb\iFjj dg[bgfibgQ ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ ]l biV_jTeX\ `l]bldi\, bidd\ifbjì_jdN ]_ieX \iddl`l-]l_jfjTgd[jM \gbl]bjWfjQ ]ibfjj j d\gfX bidMl^lèi ejM. 7dlSlg \gdfl `dgU^i Viej\i_j `l]bldX `Vij\llfelGgejQ 136 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- d ^bZUj\j ]ibfjW\j lS#g^jegejW «
gefb dlU_idjW», dfifjdfjTgd[jg j 8jeiedl`Xg lfT@fX ]gbg^ KNAB-l\, `l]bldX Z]_ifX ]ibfjQeXM `Veldl`, ]bl`g^gejW dlSbiejQ ` ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjWM, bldfi bW^l` ]ibfjj, \ifgbji_X lTgbg^eXM Vidg^iejQ Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC , `l]bldX dlfbZ^ejTgdfì d Sbifd[j\j VibZSgIeX\j ]ibfjW\j j \el- Ulg ^bZUlg, SgV TgUl IjVeN j ^gWfg_NeldfN ]ibfjj eg\Xd_j\i. 5g- lSMl^j\l lf\gfjfN ^jdFj]_jejblìeeldfN T_gel` Bbì_gejW: ]lTfj `dg Vidg^iejW ]blMl^j_j ]bj 100-]blFgefelQ W`[g, Sl_NGlQ i[fjèldfj j jejFjifjèldfj T_gel` Bbì_gejW, `XeldWAjM ei d`ljM ]_gTiM ldelèZH fWIgdfN lbUiejViFjleel-]ibfjQelQ biSlfX ]ibfjj. 0jdFj]_jejblìeel biSlfi_ j Bl_jfdl`gf ]ibfjj. 5g SX_l ej l^elUl d_ZTiW eibZGgejW ZdfièXM dbl[l` dlVXì Vidg^iejQ. Bbl`g^gel 12 Vidg^iejQ Bl_jfdl`gfi. 5i Vidg^iejWM Bl_jfdl`gfi bidd\ifbjì_jdN ìIegQGjg `l]bldX lSgd]gTgejW `X]l_egejW bg- GgejQ d#gV^l` ]ibfjj, `l]bldX dldflWejW ]ibfjQelQ ^jdFj]_jeX (Z]_ifX ]ibfjQeXM `Veldl`, ]bl`g^gejW dlSbiejQ), `l]bldX ]l^Ul- fl`[j \iddl`l-]l_jfjTgd[jM \gbl]bjWfjQ ]ibfjj, biSlfX ^g]Zfifl` ` 2`bl]ib_i\gefg, EgQ\g j di\lZ]bì_gejWM, `l]bldX fi[fj[j ]ib- fjj j ^b. E_g^Zgf ]bjVeifN, Tfl eg[lflbXg T_geX j [ie^j^ifX ` T_geX Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC `d@ Ig ]bl]Zd[i_j Vidg^iejW SgV dgbN@VeXM Zì- Ijfg_NeXM ]bjTje. 5g^ldfiflTel i[fjèl, Vi jd[_HTgejg\ ]gbjl^i lfT@fel-`XSlb- eXM dlSbiejQ, `g_idN biSlfì Vi[bg]_@eeXM bgUjleiM. 7fdH^i j eg^ldfiflTeiW ]l\lAN dllf`gfdf`ZHAj\ ]gb`jTeX\ lbUiejViFjW\, eg^ldfiflTeXQ [lefbl_N. l_NGjedf`l ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ fi[Ig biSlfi_j i[fjèl, dfibifg_Nel `X]l_eW_j bgGgejW Bl_jfdl`gfi j Bbì_gejW, dfbg- \j_jdN lbUiejVlìfN jVZTgejg \ifgbji_l` d#gV^l` ]ibfjj, ]bgf`l- bgejg jM ÌjVeN.:d@ ` ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjWM, ]bg^Ggdf`lì`GiW d#gV^Z. El`\gdfeiW biSlfi Bl_jfdl`gfi, Bbì_gejW j ]gb`jTeXM lbUi- ejViFjQ ei^ `X]l_egejg\ bgGgejQ d#gV^l` ]ibfjj, ^i_j jV`gdf- eXg ]l_lIjfg_NeXg bgVZ_NfifX. i lfT@feXQ ]gbjl^ Z^i_ldN lSAj\j Zdj_jW\j ^ldfjTN ]l_lIj- fg_NeXM d^`jUl` ` fi[l\ eg]bldfl\, el ìIegQGg\ `l]bldg, [i[ bldf bW^l` ]ibfjj. :dgUl ]bjeWfl 87 Tg_l`g[. %i[lUl bldfi bW^l` ]ibfjj bieNGg eg SX_l. eiTjfg_Nel Z_ZTGj_dW [iTgdf`geeXQ dldfì ]bjej\ig\XM ` ]ibfjH. +V 87 el`XM T_gel` ]ibfjj 60 W`_WHfdW UbiI^iei\j Cif- XIII E20 EBC 137 `jj (]lTfj 70 %), 19 Tg_l`g[ (22 %) j\g_j `lVbidf ^l 30 _gf, jV `dgM ]bjeWfXM fl_N[l 22 ]blFgefi dfibGg 60 _gf. fl Sl_NGlQ GiÙ]g- b@^.
X_l `bg\W, [lU^ì ]ibfjH `dfZ]i_j _H^j fl_N[l dfibGg 60 _gf. BZdfN eg\elUl, el Z`g_jTj_ldN Tjd_l ]bjej\ig\XM ` ]ibfjH biSlTjM. 7ej dldfì_WHf 24 % lf `dgM ]bjeWfXM. fl lTgeN MlblGl. : ]ibfjH `dfZ]j_j 18 Tg_l`g[ SgVbiSlfeXM (21 %). 7FgejìW d#gV^l` ]ibfjj `X]l_eWHfdW. Bbj ]bj@\ dfblUl je^j`j^Zi_NeXQ. %i[lUl dfblUlUl ]bj@\i, dZ^W ]l Zdfiì\, egf ` ^bZUjM ]ibfjWM Cif`jj, [bl\g «Visu Latvijai!» lblGl ]l ]bj@\Z ` ]ibfjH biSlfi_j ]gb`jTeXg lbUiejViFjj CifUi_Nd[lUl ]bg^\gdfNW j «
gefbi_NeiW» (U. )jUj), «Cjg]iW» , «)g- Vg[eg», «-_Z[deg», «0iZUì]j_d» , «Bib^iZUiì» (U. )jUj), «'bi- d_iì» , «0Vg_VFg_Nejg[d» (U. )jUj). ' eg^ldfif[i\ ` T_gei\j ]ibfjj ]l]l_ej_idN _jGN [iI^iW `flbiW ]gb`jTeiW lbUi- ejViFjW. eiTjf, gdfN gA@ Sl_NGjg `lV\lIeldfj ^_W bldfi bW^l` ]ibfjj. ZIg lSdfljf ^g_l d dlV^iejg\ el`XM ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ. ìbg\W ]ld_g XI d#gV^i EBC SX_j dlV^ieX _jGN ^`g ]gb`jTeXg lbUiejViFjj. EgQTid EBC j\ggf 28 ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ, 8 jV [l- flbXM Ù.)jUg. 0l `X]l_egejW Vi^iTj, Vi]jdieelQ ` BblUbi\\g ]ibfjj: j\gfN ]gb`jTeZH lbUiejViFjH j_j ]ibflbUiejViflbì [iI^l\ [big j bgd- ]ZS_j[ied[l\ Ulbl^g – gA@ ^i_@[jQ ]ZfN. %i[lg ]l_lIgejg d dlV- ^iejg\ el`XM ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ eg dllf`gfdf`Zgf fl\Z, [i[ _H^j Ul_ldZHf eìXSlbiM `dgM ZblègQ. i eiGjM [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g- ]ZfifX Ul_ldZHf lf 154 894 Tg_l`g[ eìXSlbiM di\lZ]bì_gejQ, ^l 251 397 Tg_l`g[ eìXSlbiM EgQ\i C). fl, gd_j dTjfifN Ul_ldi jVSjbifg_gQ Vi lSAjg d]jd[j [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX lf «
gefbi dlU_idjW». )iVZ\ggfdW, lf EBC, i VìgdN d]jdl[, j `d@ Ig _jTjg Sl_NGjM `lV\lIeldfgQ ^_W bldfi bW^l` ]ibfjj ` Fg_l\ j dlV- ^iejW ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ EBC ` bgUjleiM, U^g jM ]l[i egf. fl – Vi^iTi ei SZ^ZAgg ` ]gb`ZH lTgbg^N ^_W Bl_jfdl`gfi j Bbì_g- ejW ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj. 5g_NVW lSlQfj `l]bld l biSlfg d fg\j, [fl Ulfl`jfdW `dfZ]jfN ÈBC j ]ld_g jM `dfZ]_gejW ` ]ibfjH. BbjMl^jfdW egbg^[l dfi_[j- ìfNdW d fg\, Tfl ]bjej\ig\Xg ` ]ibfjH d_iSl VeiHf dfì j Bbl- Ubi\\Z EBC. 0g_l ]lblQ ^lMl^jf ^l flUl, Tfl ]bjej\ig\Xg ^iIg 138 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- eg Tjfi_j l[iViejg g\Z ]l\lAj ` ld`lgejj BblUbi\\X j dfiì EBC `Ml^jf ` lSWVieeldfj bg[l\ge^ZHAgUl. i bl_N dl dflbleX ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ, f.[. dlU_idel dfìZ EBC j\geel lej ]bjej\iHf _H^gQ ` ]ibfjH, j jM bgGgejg W`_WgfdW l[leTifg_NeX\. 0_W ]l^Ulfl`[j Tg_l`g[i, `dfZ]iHAgUl ÈBC, gdfN `dg eglSMl- ^j\Xg \ifgbji_X: dfì j BblUbi\\i ]ibfjj, \ifgbji_X `dgM d#gV- ^l` j [le8gbgeFjQ EBC ei _ifXGd[l\ j bZdd[l\ WVX[iM. 5g Mìfigf, `j^j\l, ^bZUlUl: WdelUl j lf`gfdf`geelUl ldlVeiejW ìIeldfj fi[lQ ]l^Ulfl`[j el`XM T_gelÈBC ` Zd_l`jWM ]bljdMl^W- AgQ ` ]ibfjj d\geX ]l[l_gejQ. : eiGjM bW^iM `d@ \geNGg ldfi@fdW flìbjAgQ dl dfiblQ ]ibfjQelQ Vi[i_[lQ, `d@ Sl_NGg dfiel`jfdW _H^gQ eg Vei[l\XM d iVi\j ]ibfjQelUl dfbljfg_Ndfì, d Ubl\i^elQ bl_NH dlVeifg_NelQ ]ibfjQelQ ^jdFj]_jeX, jd[_HTiHAgQ g@ ^g_g- ejg ei ìIeXg `gAj j «\g_lTj», `bl^g eg `l`bg\W Z]_iTgeeXM `Vel- dl`, ]bl]ZAgeelUl ]ibfdlSbiejW j_j ViSXflUl ]ibfjQelUl ]lbZTgejW. 5i^l j\gfN ` `j^Z j fl, Tfl dgUl^eW `dfZ]iHf ` ]ibfjH _H^j, eg Ij`Gjg ÈEE), eg jVZTìGjg \ib[djV\-_gejejV\ j eg dldflW`Gjg ej ` 'BC j 'BEE, ej ` [l\dl\l_g, i, d_g^lìfg_Nel, eg j\gHAjg dlSdf`geelUl ]bi[fjTgd[lUl l]Xfi ^gWfg_Neldfj ` ]l_jfjTgd[jM lb- UiejViFjWM. flQ [ifgUlbjj ]l]l_egejW bW^l` ]ibfjj, [i[ j \l_l^@Ij ` Fg_l\, eglSMl^j\l ]ldflWeel Z^g_WfN ldlSlg èj\iejg. +\ ` ZTgS- eXM Vìg^gejWM ]bg]l^eldWf jdflbjTgd[j eg`gbeZH [ibfjeZ ]bl- G_lUl, jdfjeeXg Tg_l`gTgd[jg Fgeeldfj Tidfl ]l^\geWHfdW [Z_Nfl\ eidj_jW, jedfje[fl` j biV`_gTgejQ ]l^ `j^l\ d`lSl^X _jT- eldfj. 5i di\l\ Ig ^g_g d`lSl^i _jTeldfj d`l^jfdW egbg^[l [ SgV- lf`gfdf`geeldfj ]gbg^ dlSlQ, ]gbg^ bl^jfg_W\j j lSAgdf`l\ ` Fg_l\, [ `dg^lV`l_geeldfj. E_g^Zgf fi[Ig ZTjfXìfN, Tfl `dfZ]iHAjQ ` ]ibfjH eg \lIgf j\gfN MlblGZH \ib[djdfd[ZH ]l^Ulfl`[Z j eg ^l_Ige ]l_ZTifN lFge[Z l Veiejj \ib[djV\i – ZTgejW, ei ldel`g [lflblUl biSlfigf eiGi ]ibfjW. 0_W `dfZ]iHAgUl ^ldfiflTel, gd_j le Vei[l\ d Bbl- Ubi\\lQ j dfìl\ ]ibfjj, ]bjVei@f jM j lSWVZgfdW `X]l_eWfN. 0i_NegQGgg gUl ]ibfjQel-]l_jfjTgd[lg lSbiVlìejg Vìjdjf lf egUl di\lUl, lf ]gb`jTelQ ]ibfjQelQ lbUiejViFjj, lf dfibGjM fl- ìbjAgQ ]l ]ibfjj. l`lbW l `dfZ]iHAjM ` ]ibfjH j bldfg dgfj ]gb`jTeXM lbUiej- ViFjQ, eg_NVW eg d[iVifN MlfW SX [lblf[l l fgM, [fl ZMl^jf di\ j_j XIII E20 EBC 139 [lUl jd[_HTig\ jV ]ibfjj. +d[_HT@eeXM jV ]ibfjj \i_l, jM `dgUl 6 Tg_l`g[. 7ej jd[_HTgeX Vi iefj]ibfjQeZH ^gWfg_NeldfN j ^bZUjg UbZSXg ]bldfZ][j ]gbg^ ]ibfjgQ (lfbX` lf ]ibfjj, ^_jfg_NeiW eg- Z]_ifi ]ibfjQeXM `Veldl` SgV ZìIjfg_NeXM ]bjTje j f.].). fl Ig [idigfdW ]l[jeZ`GjM bW^X ]ibfjj ]l dlSdf`geel\Z Ig- _iejH, fl fZf \lIel l]bg^g_jfN ^`g [ifgUlbjj. 7^ej eg ]l_ZTj_j èj\iejW ]ibfjQelQ lbUiejViFjj, eg j\g_j ]ibfjQeXM ]lbZTgejQ, eg TZ`df`lì_j dgSW eZIeX\j ` ]ibfjj, di\j jejFjifj`Z eg ]bl- W`j_j j ]l[jeZ_j eiGj bW^X. +M eg\elUl – Tg_l`g[ 4-5. 5gSl_NGZH UbZ]]Z dldfì_WHf j fg, [fl SX_j ]bjeWfX ` ]ibfjH SgV ^ldfiflTelQ ]bl`gb[j jM jdfjeeXM ei\gbgejQ. 'i[ ]bìj_l, Ajg ` ]ibfjH eg ^_W flUl, TflSX SlblfNdW Vi g@ j^gi_X j bgGgejg ]bi[fjTgd[jM Vi^iT BblUbi\\X ]ibfjj, i _jGN \gTfiHAjg l \gdfg ` d]jd[g [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX j_j ^bZUlQ _jTelQ `XUl^g. %i[jM SX_l fbj Tg_l`g[i. :dg eXM lbUiejViFjQ j ZTjfXìfN ` biSlfg ]l bldfZ bW^l` ]ibfjj. +\geel SX_l, gdfN j ldfi@fdW ìIegQGgQ Vi^iTgQ ]ibfjj ei SZ^ZAgg. 7]Xf \ib[djdfd[jM ]ibfjQ ^bZUjM UldZ^ibdf` ]ldfdlFji_jdfjTg- d[lUl ]bldfbiedfì d`j^gfg_Ndf`Zgf l ei_jTjj, ]l [biQegQ \gbg, ^`ZM ]blS_g\ ^_W bldfi bW^l` j Zdj_gejW `_jWejW \iddX. BgbìW. 5jV[iW ]l]Z_WbeldfN j ]bj`_g[ifg_NeldfN \ib[- djdfd[jM ]ibfjQ dbg^j eidg_gejW, ldlSgeel \l_l^@Ij. :flbiW. 7ei d`WViei d ]gb`lQ – dfibgejg ]ibfjQ. : jM bW^iM ldfiHfdW ` Sl_NGgQ dfg]gej _jGN SX`Gjg T_geX [l\]ibfjQ, `lVbidf [lflbXM Vi 60 _gf. 7dlSgeel 5g]l]Z_WbeldfN [l\\ZejdfjTgd[jM ]ibfjQ ` SX`GjM dfbieiM dl- Fji_jV\i d`WViei d fg\, Tfl ]bjGg^Gjg [ `_idfj ` ìM ]l_jfjTgd[jg dj_X ^g_iHf `d@, TflSX lSl_UifN \ib[djV\ j dlFji_jV\, ]bj]jdifN j\ `dg egdTidfNW \jbi, ZejVjfN ]l[l_gejW, Ij`Gjg ]bj dlFji_jdfjTgd[l\ dfblg. 5i Ajg ` bW^g dfbie, ` f.T. j ` Cif`jj, biV_jTeXg lUbiejTgejW j ]bg- d_g^lìejW SX`GjM T_gel` [l\\ZejdfjTgd[jM ]ibfjQ. ' fl\Z Ig ei^l lf[bl`geel ]bjVeifN, Tfl UldZ^ibdfì, ldfìGjgdW dlFji_j- dfjTgd[j\j j_j dfbiei\j, U^g Z `_idfj [l\\ZejdfjTgd[jg ]ibfjj, eg W`_WHfdW ]bj\gbl\ `Xdl[lUl ZblèW IjVej j S_iUl]l_ZTjW. bl- `geN IjVej ejVl[ Èg`gbelQ 'lbgg, :Ngfei\g, ei 'ZSg, ` l_^ìjj j ^iIg ` 'jfig. 5i eiedl`Xg j <[lel\jTgd[jg fbZ^eldfj, f.[. Sl_NGjg j <[lel\jTgd[j 140 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- dj_NeXg SZbIZiVeXg UldZ^ibdfì `dWTgd[j ]bg]Wfdf`ZHf biV`jfjH jM <[lel\j[j. 5i]bj\gb, 'ZSi ZIg ^ì ^gdWf[i _gf Ij`@f ` Zd_l`jWM <[lel\jTgd[lQ S_l[i^X E-. :l-`flbXM, ]bjGg^Gjg [ `_idfj [l\- \ZejdfjTgd[jg ]ibfjj eg d_l\i_j \iGjeZ dfiblQ SZbIZiVelQ UldZ- ^ibdf`geelQ `_idfj: dfblQ `bl^g ^g[_ibjblìe dlFji_jdfjTgd[jQ, i UldZ^ibdf`geelg ZdfblQdf`l SZbIZiVelg – `l U_ìg d ]ib_i\gefl\ j ]bgVj^gefl\, ei]bj\gb, 'j]b, l_^ìjW. fl Sl_NGiW j dgbN@V- eiW ]blS_g\i dl`bg\geelUl [l\\ZejdfjTgd[lUl ^`jIgejW. Bl^`l^W jflUj d[iVieel\Z ` VifN, Tfl èZfbj]ibfjQeiW biSlfìg_idN ` dllf`gfdf`jj d fbgSlì- ejW\j dfiì ]ibfjj j dllf`gfdf`lì_i Zdfiel`[i\ d#gV^l` ]ibfjj. :d@ Ig fg\] ^ldfjIgejW ^l_Ul_gfejM Fg_gQ eglSMl^j\l Zd[lbjfN. 7 `XSlbiM di\lZ]bì_gejQ ` [biWM j Ulbl^iM bgd]ZS_j[j, `XSlbiM ^g]Zfifl` 2`bl]ib_i\gefi j 10-Ul EgQ\i Cif`jj. fj `l]bldX lSdZI^i_jdN ei X, XI j XII d#gV^iM ]ibfjj, ei Vidg- ^iejWM Bbì_gejW j Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC d ZTidfjg\ dg[bgfibgQ ]gb- `jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ, i fi[Ig ei dlSbiejWM ` ]gb`jTeXM ]ibfjQeXM lbUiejViFjWM d ZTidfjg\ T_gel` Bbì_gejW EBC. Bl `j^j\l, egf eglSMl^j\ldfj gA@ biV ]l^blSel ldfieì_jìfNdW eìdgM `l]bldiM jV ejM Vi^iTiM ]ibfjj. XI j XII d#gV^X ]ibfjj l]bg^g_j_j, Tfl eìXSlbiM 2`bl]ib_i- \gefi, di\lZ]bì_gejQ j 10-Ul EgQ\i Cif`jj ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj SZ^gf ZTidf`lìfN ` dldfìg lS#g^jegejW «
gefb dl- U_idjW», ]l^^gbIjìW lSAZH ]bg^`XSlbeZH ]blUbi\\Z j j\gW d`lH. fl, `l-]gb`XM. + `l-`flbXM, Vi^iTi ]ibfjj – lSgd]gTjfN eìdgM `XSlbiM jVSbiejg d`ljM ]bg^dfìjfg_gQ ` jVSjbig\Xg lbUieX `_idfj. 5j[i[jg [le[bgfeXg [l_jTgdf`geeXg Vi^iTj eg dfìj_jdN. 'legTeiW Fg_N `XSlbl` ` Zd_l`jWM `_idfj SZbIZiVjj d8lb\Z_jbl- ìeì BblUbi\\g EBC, [i[ ^l_UldblTeiW Vi^iTi j lei U_idjf, Fj- fjbZH: «0_W ldZAgdf`_gejW d`ljM ]blUbi\\eXM Fg_gQ ` ]gbgMl^eXQ ]gbjl^ EBC SZ^gf dfbg\jfNdW [ ]l_ZTgejH S_l[jbZH- AgUl Tjd_i ^g]Zfifd[jM \ie^iflèìXSlbiM ÈgQ\ bgd]ZS_j[j ^_W d`ljM ]bg^dfìjfg_gQ j `lV\lIeXM dlHVej[l`». (BblUbi\\i EBC. )jUi,2005 U., dfb.36) fl VeiTjf: ei^l dfbg\jfNdW [ ]l_ZTgejH di\ldflWfg_Nel j_j `\gdfg d dlHVej[i\j eg \gegg 34-35 \ie^ifl`. E_g^Zgf lf\gfjfN, Tfl [ ^ldfjIgejH jV «
gefbi dlU_idjW» ÈgQ\g C) \X Zd]gGel ]bl^`jUig\dW, j dg- Ul^eW j\gg\ 29 \ie^ifl`. fl MlblGjQ fbi\]_je, d [lflblUl `lV- XIII E20 EBC 141 \lIel ZIg ei d_g^ZHAjM `XSlbiM ÈgQ\ C) `X]l_ejfN Ubi\\eZH Vi^iTZ ]gbgMl^elUl ]gbjl^i. :eg `dW[lUl dl\egejW, ]ibfjj, l [lflbl\ 15 j ^iIg 10 _gf eiVi^ \X \lU_j fl_N[l \gTfifN. :]gb`Xg ` jdflbjj EBC \X j\gg\ d`lgUl ^g]Zfifi 2`bl]ib_i- \gefi. l`lbW ` Fg_l\ l bgVZ_NfifiM `XSlbl`, d_g^Zgf d[iVifN, Tfl EBC ]l_ZTigf `d@ Sl_NGgg ]bjVeiejg dbg^j eidg_gejW. 2d_j eìXSlbiM di\lZ]bì_gejQ 2005 Ul^i EBC ]l_ZTj_i 7 ^g]Zfifd[jM \gdf, fl eìXSlbiM 2009 Ul^i – 18 \ie^ifl`, jV ejM – 7 Ù. )jUg. fl, egdl- \egeel, ]bl^`jIgejg `]gb@^. 7^ei[l, ei]l\eH, Tfl EBC eg dTjfigf d`lgQ Vi^iTgQ `VWfN `_idfN ]ib_i\gefd[j\ ]Zf@\ j biSlfifN ]l SZbIZiVeX\ Vi[lei\. :dg `g[i, ^_W lfdfijìejW ]bì Tg_l`g[ì SZbIZiVel\ UldZ^ibdf`g, U^g `d@ l]bg^g_WHf ^geNUj, `dg Vi[leX ViAjAiHf jefgbgdX SlUifXM j ]bg^dfìjfg_gQ SZbIZiVelQ `_idfj. : [iTgdf`g ]bj\gbi \lIel ei- VìfN eXegGegg ]l_lIgejg Cif`jj j bW^i ^bZUjM UldZ^ibdf` 2`bl- dlHVi. i fl, Tfl dfbieX ^l`g^geX ^l dldflWejW eg]_ifgIgd]ldlS- eldfj, i eibl^X – ^l lSejAiejW j `X\jbiejW, ej[fl ]gbg^ dZ^l\ eg lf`gTigf. BblfgdfX eibl^ì 8lb\g \jbeXM ^g\ledfbiFjQ j Vi- Sidfl`l[ Igdfl[l ]l^ì_WHfdW j_j ]l]bldfZ jUelbjbZHfdW. :lf ì\ `dW _Ij`ldfN Gjbl[l jd]l_NVZg\lUl SZbIZiVeX\j `_idfW\j _l- VZeUi: `_idfN ]bjei^_gIjf eibl^Z! Bbj [i]jfi_jdfjTgd[l\ ZdfblQ- df`g lSAgdfì `_idfN ]bjei^_gIjf [i]jfi_Z, j\gHAgQ gUl SZbIZiVjj, i eg eibl^Z, fl [bidelbgTj`l ]l^f`gbI^iHf fg Ig `X- SlbX ÈgQ\ Cif`jj. 5i eg^iègQ Egddjj 2`bl]gQd[lUl ]ib_i\gefi Bbg^dg^ifg_N )g- `jVjleelQ ]i_ifX Bib_i\gefi ]bjVei_, Tfl \j__jib^X g`bl jV SH^- Igfi 2`bldlHVi fbifWfdW egbiFjlei_Nel j eg ^iHf lf^iTZ, i fbj \j__jib^i g`bl, [i[ lèXbiVj_dW, `llSAg jdTgV_j ` «T@belQ ^Xbg». BldflWeel bidf@f biVejFi \gI^Z ^lMl^i\j SlUifXM j Sg^eXM ^iIg ` Zd_l`jWM [bjVjdi, bidf@f [l_jTgdf`l \j__jlegbl` ` 2`bl- dlHVg. : fl Ig `bg\W bidf@f Tjd_l Sg^eXM. : 2`bl]g dgUl^eW 84 \j__jlei Tg_l`g[ jV 500-\j__jleelUl eidg_gejW 2`bldlHVi Ij`Zf ei [biH j Vi TgbflQ Sg^eldfj. : [i]jfi_jdfjTgd[l\ lSAgdf`g ]l- jel\Z j SXfN eg \lIgf – SlUifXg dlSdf`geej[j dbg^df` ]bljV`l^- dfì j eg^`jIj\ldfj Ij`Zf j ]blF`gfiHf Vi dT@f <[d]_ZifiFjj, ]lbiSlAgejW j lUbiS_gejW biSlTgUl [_iddi j lUbl\elUl d_lW Sg^- elUl eidg_gejW. '.ib[d ei 142 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- `_idfj eg bg8lb\jbZg\X, jM ei^l d_l\ifN j ei jM \gdfg ]ldfbljfN el`Xg, dlFji_jdfjTgd[jg, jSl lej `dgU^i SZ^Zf jdflTej[l\ [lefb- bg`l_HFjj». fl – Fg_N j Vi^iTi jdflbjTgd[iW j \jb egZ[_leel ^`jIgfdW [ egQ. EgUl^eWGeWW eiGi Vi^iTi – ZTidf`lìfN ` `XSlbiM, j\gfN ^g- ]Zfifd[jg \gdfi d Fg_NH ViAjfX jefgbgdl` biSlTgUl [_iddi, ]ge- djlegbl`, ^gfgQ j jeì_j^l`. l`lbW lS ZTidfjj [l\\Zejdfl` ` SZbIZiVeXM ]ib_i\gefiM ` [ejUg «0gfd[iW Sl_gVeN «_g`jVeX» ` [l\\ZejV\g» :.+. Cgeje ]jdi_: «...ZTidfjg ` ]ib_i\gefd[jM `XSlbiM j ` SlbNSg ei ]ib_i- \gefd[lQ fbjSZeg lSWVifg_Nel ^_W ]ibfjj bg`l_HFjleelUl ]bl_g- fibjifi». (dfb.42) 7 T@\ dfljf d[iVifN gA@, lFgejìW ]bg^`XSlbeXg [i\]iejj? Bgb`lg. 7S Z_Nfj\ifjèXM fbgSlìejWM eg[lflbXM T_gelÈBC j ^iIg dg[bgfibgQ ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ ]l `l]bldZ [l\]_g[fl- ìejW d]jd[i [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX. : dllf`gfdf`jj d dfìl\ EBC df. 14, ].3 d]jd[j [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX dldfì_Wgf Bbì_gejg j Zf`gbI^igf Bl_jfdl`gf EBC. BZe[f 2 ]bìl `X^`jUifN [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX ]gb`jTeX\ lbUiejViFjW\ EBC, Bbì_gejH j Bl_jfdl`gfZ EBC. fj fbgSlìejW dfiì ]ibfjj iSdl_HfeX\ Sl_NGjedf`l\ ]gb- `jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ, Bbì_gejg\ j Bl_jfdl`gfl\ T@f[l dlS_H^i- _jdN. :dg\ SX_i ^ieìlV\lIeldfN `Xd[iVifN d`lj ]bg^_lIgejW, lfdfijìfN j_j lf`l^jfN [ie^j^ifl`. 7^ei[l eiG_jdN T_geX ]ibfjj j ^iIg dg[bgfibj ]gb`jTeXM ]ibfjQeXM lbUiejViFjQ, ^gQdf`lì`- Gjg \gfl^l\ Z_Nfj\ifZ\l`, \l_, j_j W SZ^Z [ie^j^ifl\ ` ^g]ZfifX j_j ZQ^Z jV ]ibfjj. )iVZ\ggfdW, ]l^lSelUl bl^i «^g\l[bifjTgd[jg» \gfl^X ` ]ibfjj _gejed[lUl fj]i eg]bjg\_g\X j lej eg j\g_j Zd- ]gMi. Bbì_gejW j Bl_jfdl`gfi Mìfj_l dflQ[ldfj ]bgl^l_gfN ]l- ^lSeXg ]l]Xf[j. BbjG_ldN dfl_[eZfNdW j d 8i[fi\j, [lU^i, eg SZ^ZTj `[_HT@e- eX\j ` d]jd[j [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX lf EBC, ^ì T_gei ]ibfjj SgV ]bg^Z]bgI^gejW MlfW SX d`ljM ]gb`jTeXM lbUiejViFjQ ViW`j_j dgSW ` d]jd[iM [ie^j^ifl` èg[lflbXM el`lW`_geeXM ]ibfjWM j, gd- fgdf`geel, eg SX_j jVSbieX, f.[. ]blFgefi Ul_ldl` jVSjbifg_gQ. +V bW^lÈBC lej SX_j jd[_HTgeX. 7Sl `d@\ eg bW^ lSdflWfg_Ndf`. BibfjW ^l_Iei VeifN, Tfl gQ dgUl^eW ]bjMl^jfdW biSlfifN j ]bl- SjìfN ]ZfN dlMbiegejW dlFji_jdfjTgd[lQ j^gj ` [biQeg eiFjlei- XIII E20 EBC 143 _jdfjTgd[l\, SZbIZiVel\ lSAgdf`g eg fl_N[l ` Zd_l`jWM I@df[lQ l]]lVjFjj, bg]bgddjQ j eg^l]ZAgejW dlFji_jdfjTgd[lUl `lVblI^g- ejW, el j ` Zd_l`jWM SlbNSX d iefj]ibfjQeX\j ^gQdf`jW\j lf^g_N- eXM _jF èZfbj di\lQ ]ibfjj. 5i]l\eH: ` Cif`jj ]l-]bgIeg\Z ]l^ Vi]bgfl\ eiMl^jfdW 'l\]ibfjW Cif`jj; SX`Gjg T_geX 'BC, i[fjèl ^gQdf`lì`Gjg ` ]ibfjj ]ld_g 13 WeìbW 1991 Ul^i, ]l-]bgIeg\Z eg j\gHf ]biì Si__lfjblìfNdW [ie^j^ifi\j ` ^g]ZfifX ` Cif`jj, ì 2`bl]ib_i\gef – \lUZf; ` Cif`jj Vi[lel\ Vi]bgAgei ]bl]iUie^i [l\\ZejV\i, lei ]bjbiègei [ ]bl]iUie^g 8iGjV\i j [ibigfdW ` ZUl_lèl\ ]lbW^[g. Bl l^el\Z jV ]gbgTjd_geeXM `l]bldl` dgUl^eW d#gV^Z ]bg^_iUigfdW ]bjeWfN dllf`gfdf`ZHAZH bgVl_HFjH. :dg lUbiejTgejW, Vi]bgfX j ei^Vlb Vi ]l_jfjTgd[j\j ]ibfjW\j `lV_i- UiHf ei bZ[l`l^WAjg lbUieX ]ibfjj, ei [iI^lUl T_gei ]ibfjj ^`lQ- eZH lf`gfdf`geeldfN Vi dlMbiegejg g^jedfì, j^gQelQ TjdflfX j lbUiejVlìeeldfj ]ibfjj. 2d_j Ul`lbjfN lf[bl`geel j `gAj eiVX- ìfN d`lj\j j\gei\j, fl ]ibfjj, eg SZ^gf ]bl]iUie^jdfi j ViAjfej[i \ib[djdfd[lUl ]Zfj biV- `jfjW lSAgdfì eg fl_N[l ` Cif`jj, el `l `dgQ
i_fjj. :lf Fgei eiGgQ d ì\j biSlfX, Fgei ]bjej\ig\XM bgGgejQ. i^iTìdg\gbel [bg]jfN g^jedf`l, èZfbj]ibfjQeZH ^jdFj]- _jeZ, egZ[_leel dlMbieWfN j^gQeZH ei]bì_geeldfN ]ibfjj ` dllf- `gfdf`jj d BblUbi\\lQ j bgGgejW\j d#gV^l` ]ibfjj, ldfi@fdW Fgefbi_NelQ Vi^iTgQ j ei SZ^ZAgg. Bl_jfdl`gf j Bbì_gejg dTjfiHf eglSMl^j\X\ ègdfj WdeldfN gA@ ]l l^el\Z `l]bldZ. 7e [idigfdW eiMlI^gejW EBC ` dldfìg lS#g^jegejW ]l_jfjTgd[jM ]ibfjQ «
gefb dlU_idjW». +elU^i d_XGeX biddZI^gejW l fl\, Tfl, \l_, _ZTGg j^fj eìX- SlbX l^ej\, lf^g_NeX\ d]jd[l\, flU^i \X ^lSN@\dW Sl_NGgUl. fl lGjSlTeXQ `VU_W^. -ei_jV ]l[iVXìgf, Tfl lf^g_NeXQ d]jdl[ EBC eìXSlbiM d[lbgg `dgUl ` dgUl^eWGejM Zd_l`jWM eg ]bgl^l_ggf 5-]blFgefeXQ SibNgb j eiGj [ie^j^ifX eg dfieZf ^g]Zfifi\j. - fi[lg \X dgSg ]lV`l_jfN eg j\gg\ ]biì. l^ jdflbjTgd[jM dlSXfjQ ei eid `lV_lIj_ Vi^iTZ: SXfN ì[fjèlQ ]l_jfj[g. Bl_jfdl`gf j Bbì_gejg ]l-]bgIeg\Z dTjfiHf, Tfl eiMlI^gejg ` dldfìg lS#g^jegejW «
gefb dlU_idjW», `XdfZ]_gejg eìXSlbiM g^jeX\ d]jd[l\ gdfN ]bìj_NeiW fi[fj[i,lei dllf`gfdf`Zgf bgGg- ejW\ d#gV^lÈBC, j ^l_Iei ldfifNdW fi[lQ j ` SZ^ZAg\, gd_j lS#- g^jegejg\ SZ^gf `X^gbIiei eXegGeWW ]l_jfjTgd[iW j fi[fjTgd[iW _jejW. )iSlfiW ` l^jelT[Z, \X ]l[i eg d\lIg\ dldfìjfN d]jdl[ [ie- ^j^ifl`, ^ldfiflTel jefgbgdZHAjM jVSjbifg_gQ, TflSX Vi ejM Ul_l- 144 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- dlìfN. eid egf fi[jM 8jeiedl`XM bgdZbdl`, TflSX di\ldflWfg_Nel lSgd]gTjfN ]bg^`XSlbeZH [i\]iejH. BldTjfiQfg di\j, flìbjAj ^g_gUifX. 7S#g^jegejg «
gefb dlU_idjW» ei ]bg^`XSlbeZH [i\]i- ejH ]l `XSlbi\ 10-Ul EgQ\i C) Vifbifj_l 541 558,95 LVL (]l ^ie- eX\ KNAB), EBC – 6 531,26 LVL. 5i [iI^lUl jVSbieelUl lf EBC ^g]Zfifi VifbiTgel TZfN Sl_gg 1 600 LVL (`dgUl!). + Z eid egf dbg^df`, TflSX fbifjfN Sl_NGg. «
gefb dlU_idjW» ]lfbifj_ ` dbg^eg\ ei [iI- ^lUl jV 29 ^g]ZfiflÈgQ\i 18 674,45 LVL . «
gefb dlU_idjW» fbifj_ eìdgM j eìd@, gdfgdf`geel ` T@\-fl j U^g-fl lf^iìW ]bg^]lTfgejg d`lj\ [ie^j^ifi\. 5l iUjfjblì_ VìgdN d]jdl[, ` fl\ Tjd_g j Vi eiGjM [ie^j^iflèi bi^jl, ]l fg_g`j^gejH, ` ]gTifj, ` ]gbg^`jI- eXM ]i_if[iM, j Bbj dldfì_gejj d]jd[i [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX j `l `bg\W ]bg^- `XSlbelQ [i\]iejj \X dfl_[eZ_jdN d bW^l\ ]blS_g\ j fbZ^eldfgQ: d_iSlg Veiejg _ifXGd[lUl WVX[i lf^g_NeX\j [ie^j^ifi\j; egZ\gejg `XdfZ]ifN ]gbg^ iZ^jflbjgQ, ]gbg^ fg_g[i\gblQ j_j \j[bl8lel\; d_iSlg Veiejg ]bg^`XSlbelQ ]blUbi\\X j f.]. elUjg [ie^j^ifX ` ^g]ZfifX Gjbl[lQ ]ZS_j[g egjV`gdfeX f.[. i[fjèl ` ]ibfjj eg biSl- fi_j, ]ldflWeeXM ]ibfjQeXM ]lbZTgejQ eg j\g_j, ` \iddl`l-]l_jfj- Tgd[jM \gbl]bjWfjWM ]ibfjj eg ZTidf`lì_j j_j SX_j _jGN ]iddjèX\j Vbjfg_W\j. E fi[j\ «SiUiIl\» ` Zd]gM eìXSlbiM `gbjfN fbZ^el. :l \elUl\ j ]l ]Zfifi\j 10-Ul EgQ\i C) SX_j jVSbieX _jGN 4 Tg_l`g[i, f.g. [iI^XQ 4-Q – 5-Q, i ]l d]jd[Z «
gefbi dlU_idjW» ` Fg_l\ jV 115 jVSbieX 29, f.g. [iI^XQ 4-Q. E_g^lìfg_Nel, [i[lUl-fl Sl_NGlUl biVbXì ` bgVZ_N- fifiM Z eid egf. + «fWeZ_ l^gW_l ei dgSW», MlfW lf^g_NeXg 8i[fX fi[lUl ]lbW^[i SX_j. Bl_jfdl`gf j Bbì_gejg ]bl`g_j ]l^blSeXQ iei_jV jflUl` `X- Slbl`, lSdZ^j_j jM d [ie^j^ifi\j ` ^g]ZfifX j ]bjG_j [ g^jel^ZG- el\Z `X`l^Z l fl\, Tfl [ie^j^ifl` ` ^g]ZfifX d_g^Zgf Ulfl`jfN, Ulfl`jfN dgbN@Vel ZIg d ]gb`XM \gdWFg` ]ld_g ]blGg^GjM `XSl- bl`. 5i^l l]bg^g_jfN UbZ]]Z flìbjAgQ, [lflbXg \lU_j SX dfifN [ie^j^ifi\j ` ^g]ZfifX ei ]bg^dflWAjM `XSlbiM d ]bìl\ `XQfj jV UbZ]]X ]l^Ulfl`[j j_j ` _HSlg `bg\W `[_HTjfNdW ÙbZ]]Z d fg\, TflSX ]blQfj ]bl`gb[Z j ]l^Ulfl`[Z ei dfifZd [ie^j^ifì ^g]ZfifX. 5i eiG `VU_W^, EBC, d^g_igf jM ZVeiìg\X\j j ^idf `lV\lIeldfN ]gb`jTeX\ lb- UiejViFjW\ d`lg`bg\geel j _ZTGg jVZTjfN ]lfgeFji_NeXM [ie^j- ^iflèi ]bi[fjTgd[jM ^g_iM, jd[_HTjf `lV\lIeldfN ]l]i^iejW ` d]jd[j [ie^j^ifl` fgM, [fl eg ]_ifjf `l`bg\W ]ibfjQeXg `VeldX, eg XIII E20 EBC 145 ]ldgAigf ]ibfjQeXg dlSbiejW, eg j\ggf j_j eg `X]l_eWgf ]ibfjQ- eXg ]lbZTgejW. 5i_jTjg fi[lQ UbZ]]X ^_W ]l^Ulfl`[j eg jd[_HTigf `lV\lIeldfN dfifN [ie^j^ifl\ ` ^g]ZfifX _HSl\Z T_geZ EBC, j\gHAg\Z MlblGZH ]l^Ulfl`[Z. 2A@ Sl_gg ìIel fl, Tfl ]blQ^W fi[ZH ]l^Ulfl`[Z j SZ^ZTj jV- SbieeX\, eiG flìbjA SXdfbgg ld`ljf lSWVieeldfj ^g]Zfifi, d\l- Igf _ZTGg biSlfifN. Bl^`l^W jflU d[iVieel\Z l `XSlbiM, \lIel d^g_ifN `X`l^ l fl\, Tfl bgGgejW d#gV^l` ]ibfjj ` l`lbW l ]ibfjWM j `XSlbiM, lSbiAigf ei dgSW èj\iejg d_g- ^ZHAjQ 8i[f. X eg biV j eg ^ì Ul`lbj_j, Tfl ` Cif`jj d_iSl biV- `jfl ]bl8dlHVelg ^`jIgejg, Tfl Cif`jQd[jg ]bl8dlHVX ]_lMl ViAjAiHf jefgbgdX ei@\eXM biSlfej[lèg fl_N[l 8jVjTgd[lUl, el j jefg__g[fZi_NelUl fbZ^i. + ei eX\ `XU_W^jf 8i[f, [lU^i eg[lflbXg ]bl8dlHVeXg _j^gbX j^Zf [ie^j^ifi\j ` ^g]ZfifX eg ` dldfìg [ie^j^ifl` lf _g`XM j _g`l- Fgefbjdfd[jM ]ibfjQ, ì d]jd[iM fgM ]bìWAjM ]l_jfjTgd[jM ]ib- fjQ, lf ]bljV`l_i [lflbXM lej W[lSX ViAjAiHf d`ljM T_gel` ]bl8dlHVi. Bbì^i, lej eg SX_j jVSbieX ^g]Zfifi\j. fj 8i[fX gdfN \ifgbji_ [ biV\XG_gejH. 0gWfg_NeldfN EBC ` lfT@fel\ ]gbjl^g ]blMl^j_ì Zd_l`jWM fWI@_lUl 8jeiedl`lUl, <[lel\jTgd[lUl j djdfg\elUl [bjVjdi \jbl- `lQ j\]gbji_jdfjTgd[lQ djdfg\X [i]jfi_jV\i. +dflbjW ]l[iVX- ìgf, Tfl [i]jfi_jV\ [i[ djdfg\i \jblZdfblQdfì eg d]ldlSge jVSgIifN [bjVjdl` d l^elQ dflbleX, i d ^bZUlQ – `XMl^ jV [bjVjdl` ldZAgdf`_WgfdW Vi dT@f ^i_NegQGgUl lfeldjfg_NelUl j iSdl_HfelUl lSejAiejW \iddX ei@\eXM biSlfej[l`. %WIg_gg `dgM lAZAiHf biV`jìHAjgdW dfbieX. : 2002 U. biV`jfXg dfbieX \jbi lSgAi_j èldjfN 0,7 ]blFgefi lf d`lgUl ì_l`lUl eiFjlei_NelUl ^lMl^ì ]l\lAN biV`jìHAj\dW dfbiei\. 7^ei[l, _jGN 0iejW, `gFjW, 5lb`gUjW, CH[dg\SZbU j 5j^gb_ie^X, eiFjl- ei_NeXQ ^lMl^ [lflbXM, [i[ `X di\j ]lej\igfg, eg W`_WgfdW l]bg- ^g_WHAj\ ` \jbg. E-, ]lejW, +fi_jW, gb\iejW d eg d]bìj_jdN. :\gdfl ]l\lAj biV`jìHAj\dW dfbiei\ \elUjg biV`jfXg dfbieX ]bldfl Vi[iTi_j \j__jib^X ^l__ibl` ` dlSdf- `geeXg Sie[blfjbZHAjg 8jeiedl`Xg ZTbgI^gejW. fl d^g_i_i j Cif`jW, d]idiW «Parex Sie[» Vi dT@f ^gegU ei_lUl]_ifg_NAj[l` j dlFji_NeXM ^lMl^l` SH^Igfi. : 2`bl]gQd[l\ ElHVg `Xdl[iW SgVbiSlfjFi: 24-40 \j__jlel` SgVbiSlfeXM. 146 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- 7Ubl\eXM lS#@\l` ^ldfjU_i \jUbiFjW biSlTgQ dj_X j eidg_g- ejW ` ]ljd[iM biSlfX j \gdfi ^_W IjVej. fl `XVXìgf [le8_j[fX \gI^Z biSlTj\j j ]bl8dlHVi\j, ViAjAiHAj\j jefgbgdX biSlTgQ dj_X d`ljM dfbie. :d@ dfj Ul`lbjfN l fl\, Tfl ]l_jfj[i iSdl_HfelUl _jSgbi_jV\ì <[l- el\j[g, ei^gI^i ei fl, Tfl bXel[ di\ `d@ lfbgUZ_jbZgf, ]blì_j- _idN. E biV_jTeXM fbjSZe 775, 2`bl]gQd[lUl ElHVi, \elIgdfì di\\jfl` fj]i G-20, jV Zdf _j^gblÙldZ^ibdf` j dfbZ[fZb 2`bl]gQ- d[lUl ElHVìd@ TiAg d_XGeX ]bjVX`X [ bgUZ_jblìejH, [`lfjbl- ìejH j fl\Z ]l^lSel\Z ]_iejblìejH eg fl_N[l ` <[lel\jTgd[lQ d8gbg j flbUl`_g, el j ` lS_idfj 8jeiedl`. fl VeiTjf, Tfl fi[ eg- _HSj\XQ [i]jfi_jV\l\ dlFji_jdfjTgd[jQ [lefbl_N ei^ \gblQ ]bljV`l^dfì j ]lfbgS_gejW dfìjfdW ei d_ZISZ [i]jfi_jV\Z. :d@ Sl_NGg ]bjej\igfdW bgGgejQ, fbgSZHAjM `\gGifg_Ndfì j [lef- bl_W dl dflbleX UldZ^ibdfì. - dlFji_jdfjTgd[lQ djdfg\X. Bbì^i, Cif`jW ` lS_idfj <[lel\j[j ]l-]bgIeg\Z ]bj^gbIjìgfdW ]l_jfj[j eg`\gGifg_Ndfì UldZ- ^ibdfì ` <[lel\jTgd[lg bgUZ_jblìejg, i gd_j `\gGjìgfdW, fl fl_N[l ]l`XGigf ei_lUj j ZbgVigf dlFji_NeXg Uibiefjj biSlfiH- Aj\ j ]gedjlegbi\, Tfl gA@ Sl_NGg ZdZUZS_Wgf djfZiFjH. %l_N[l d WeìbW ]l dgefWSbN Z`g_jTj_ldN ei 8,8 ]blFgefi, j fi[jM _H^gQ ` Cif`jj l[l_l 190 fXdWT Tg_l`g[. Bl ^ieeX\ dfifjdfj[j 2`bldlHVì Cif`jj 55 ]blFgeflÌjfg- _gQ eg \lUZf dgSg ]lV`l_jfN gIgUl^eXQ eg^g_NeXQ lf]Zd[ èg Cif- `jj, 17 ]blFgeflèg \lUZf lSgd]gTjfN elb\i_Nelg lfl]_gejg Ij_NW, 23 ]blFgefi eg \lUZf ]lV`l_jfN [iI^XQ `flblQ ^geN gdfN \Wdl, [ZbWfjeZ j_j bXSZ, 26 ]blFgeflÌjfg_gQ Ij`Zf ei Ubiej bjd[i Sg^eldfj, ì `lVbidfg 65 j Sl_gg _gf fi[jM – 51 ]blFgef. ' ìHf Sl_gg 19 \j__jlel`, j\gHAjM biSlfZ _H^gQ. BgbgTgeN ]blS_g\, d [lflbX\j eg d]bì_WgfdW djdfg\i [i]jfi- _jV\i dfi^jj j\]gbji_jdfjTgd[lQ U_lSi_jViFjj, \lIel ]bl^l_IjfN, ]gbgTjd_WW `d@ el`Xg j el`Xg 8i[fX, el lf d[iVieelUl eg jV\gejfdW. :g_j[jQ bg`l_HFjleeXQ ]l )iQejd ]jdi_: «Tas jaunais laiks, kas šalk–s tr‹s, tas nen–ks, ja €audis te neved‹s» (%l el`lg `bg\W, [lflblg GZ\jf j SbgVIjf, lel eg ]bj- ^@f, gd_j _H^j gUl eg ]bj`g^Zf). CH^j, ei ^l_H [lflbXM `X]i_i Vi- ^iTi ]bj`gdfj fl «el`lg `bg\W», l [lflbl\ \gTfi_ .)iQejd, XIII E20 EBC 147 dgUl^eW ` Cif`jj gA@ eg lbUiejVlì_jdN ` [_idd, eg ldlVei_j dj_Z lbUiejViFjj.
l_gg flUl, `\gdfl SlbNSX Vi ]blF`gfiejg Cif`jj, Vi d[lbgQGjQ `XMl^ jV U_ZSl[lUl [bjVjdi j lUbl\eXM ^l_UlÙldZ- ^ibdfì 2`bldlHVZ j gI^Zeibl^el\Z :i_Hfel\Z 8le^Z, ]l[j^iHf Cif`jH ` ]ljd[iM _ZTGgQ IjVej Vi ]bg^g_i\j Cif`jj. :XgVIiHf di\Xg i[fjèXg j biSlfld]ldlSeXg _H^j ` Vbg_l\ `lVbidfg j \l- _l^@IN, l[ieTjìHAiW dbg^ejg j `XdGjg ZTgSeXg Vìg^gejW. Bl l8jFji_NeX\ ^ieeX\
gefbi_NelUl dfifjdfjTgd[lUl Z]bì_gejW Cif`jj, Vi 9 \gdWFg` Tfl ]lTfj ei 50 ]blFgefl` Sl_NGg, Tg\ Vi dllf`gfdf`ZHAjQ ]gbjl^ ]blG_lUl Ul^i. \jbigf _H^gQ ei l^eZ fbgfN Sl_NGg, Tg\ blI^i- gfdW. Cif`jW `X\jbigf. : jV`gdfelQ dfg]gej ` ]lTg\Z eg Z^i@fdW `X`gdfj _H^gQ ei Z_jFX ei i[Fjj ]blfgdfi, ]l- Tg\Z \jfjeUj j i[Fjj ]blfgdfi, lbUiejVZg\Xg ]ibfjgQ, \i_lTjd- _geeX j ^_W ]bìjfg_Ndfì j EgQ\i egl]ideX. 5i\ ei^l jd[ifN el`Xg 8lb\X ]blfgdfi ]blfj` Sgd]bg^g_i, f`lbj\lUl `_idfW\j. 5iG lf`gf fg\, [fl Vi 20 _gf ^l`@_ dfbieZ ^l eg]_ifgIgd]ldlSeldfj j `X\jbiejW, ]lUbZVj_ ` ^l_Ul`ZH W\Z, \lIgf SXfN fl_N[l l^je – Zdj_gejg SlbNSX j `d@ Sl_NGiW eiFg_geeldfN ei ]lSg^Z fbZ^i ei^ [i]jfi_l\. 0_W ]ib_i\gefd[jg j eg]ib_i\gefd[jg \gfl^X SlbNSX. 0_W ^ldfjIgejW eldfN j lbUiejVlìeeldfN ]ibfjj, ` [lflblQ l^je VìdgM j `dg Vi l^elUl! 5i d#gV^Z ]ibfjj. `gbge, Tfl ^g_gUifX ^l]l_eWf lfT@f, `Xd[iIZf eg fl_N[l d`lj [bjfjTgd[jg Vi\gTiejW, el j ègdZf ]bg^_lIgejW ]l dl`gbGgedf`l- ìejH eiGgQ biSlfX. :]gb@^ – [ ]lSg^g fbZ^i ei^ [i]jfi_l\! 148 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- HO>SD46U8 XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj LO7HQ%AQLQ@ DQNFUU – CHQFS 7SDSJQ! BblG_l ZIg ]lTfj 20 _gf d flUl `bg\gej, [lU^i SX_ ]bjeWf Vi[le l UbiI^iedf`g Cif`jj, [lflbXQ ]l^g_j_ eidg_gejg Cif`jj ei «d`ljM» j «TZIjM», (ei UbiI^ie j egUbiI^ie). 5g fl_N[l dl ^eW ]bjeWfjW Z]l\WeZflUl Vi[lei, el j biegg egUbiI^ieg biSlfi_j, jd]bièl ]_ifj_j j ]_ifWf ei_lUj, Vi dT@f [lflbXM, \gI^Z ]blTj\, ]l_ZTiHf Vib]_ifZ j fg, [fl biVSiVibj_j Cif`jH, ]lV`l_j_j biV`l- blìfN Cif`jH, ^l`g_j g@ ^l eg]_ifgIgd]ldlSeldfj. ]l\WeZfXQ Vi[le, \gI^Z ]blTj\, lSbifelQ dj_lQ _jGj_ TidfN Vi[leeXM Ijfg_gQ Cif`jj (jM SX_l 710 fXdWT!) UbiI^ied[jM ]bì j `\gdfg d \iM. EgUl^eW fi[jM _H^gQ ` Cif`jj l[l_l 300 fXdWT Tg_l`g[. fl eg ^g\l[bifjW! %i[lQ ]lbW^l[ eg dllf`gfdf`Zgf elb\i\ \gI^Zei- bl^elUl ]biì j le \lIgf dZAgdf`lìfN fl_N[l ]lfl\Z, Tfl ]Zd[igf 2`bl]gQd[jQ ElHV. ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj (ZIg ` [lflbXQ biV!) lSbiAi- gfdW [ EgQ\Z Cif`jj d fbgSlìejg\ ZdfbiejfN d]bìg^_j`ldfN, egbìgedf`l ` ]biìM dbg^j Vi[leeXM Ijfg_gQ Cif`jj. X, ^g_gUifX XIII d#gV^i EBC fbgSZg\ ]bg^ldfìjfN egUbiI- ^iei\ Cif`jj ]bìl Ul_ldi ei lTgbg^eXM `XSlbiM di\lZ]bì_gejQ! 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i HO>SD46U8 XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj JNSC – NS QU>@! 0g_gUifX XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj, `dg T_geX ]ibfjj Uegèl ldZI^iHf `Xd[iVXìejW `biTgQ E_ZFjdi -Qìbi (]blIjìgf È-, T_ge Cif`jQd[lQ ]ibfjj «biI^ied[jQ dlHV») j gUl «]ld_g^lìfg_W» :j^jeNGi bjdi (U_ièXQ `biT :j- _Wed[lQ Sl_NejFX, Cif`jW), ViW`j`GjM l fl\, Tfl lej eg \lUZf _g- TjfN l^jei[l`l _ifXGgQ j bZdd[jM. fj j ]l^lSeXg ^bZUjg `Xd[iVXìejW \X bidFgejìg\ [i[ `XbiIgejg j^gQ bidjV\i. X `lV\ZAgeX fi[Ig fg\, Tfl fi[jg `VU_W^X eg ldZ^j_, i eilSl- blf l^lSbW_ Ul^ eiVi^ eXegGejQ \jejdfb jeldfbieeXM ^g_ Cif`jj XIII E20 EBC 149 jbfd-:i_^jd 'bjdfl`d[jd, biddZI^iW l fl\, Tfl «fbZ^el _gTjfN bZd- d[jM j _ifXGgQ l^jei[l`l». 5id eidflbiIjìgf 8i[f, Tfl ej BbgVj^gef Cif`jj (`biT ]l ]bl- 8gddjj), ej ^bZUjg `biTj-]bl8gddjlei_X, jVSbieeXg ` 10-Q EgQ\ Cif`jj, ej -ddlFjiFjW `biTgQ Cif`jj eg `XdfZ]j_j d l8jFji_NeX\ ldZI^gejg\ ]l^lSeXM `Xd[iVXìejQ, i lUbiejTj_jdN _jGN `Xd[i- VXìejW\j ` jefgb`NH. 5g ldZ^j_j fi[jg `Xd[iVXìejW j ]l_jfjTgd[jg ]ibfjj, ` TNjM bW^iM eiMl^jfdW .-:. 'bjdfl`d[jd («2^jedf`l»), lUbiejTj`GjdN _jGN bidd\lfbgejg\ :d]l\ejfg jdflbjH, Uld]l^i! 5iFjV\, 8iGjV\, bidjV\ flIg ei- Tjei_jdN d «^g\l[bifjTgd[jM» `XSlbl` j blS[jM GiUlèldjfg_gQ ]l^lSeXM j^gQ. 7ej flIg eg ]l_ZTj_j [ifgUlbjTgd[lUl ldZI^gejW j ]bj`g_j [ fbiUg^jj ^_W 2`bl]X j `dgUl \jbi, [leTj_jdN 5Hbe- SgbUd[j\ `lgeeX\ fbjSZei_l\ j [iVeNH fgM, [fl ei ldel`g ]l^lSeXM Tg_l`g[legeìjdfejTgd[jM j^gQ ]lUZSj_j ^gdWf[j \j__jlel` _H^gQ ÙiVl`XM [i\gbiM, 8iGjdfd[jM [leFgefbiFjleeXM _iUgbWM d\gbfj, Ugdfi]l`d[jM Vidfge[iM. :d@ SlbNSlQ Vi «TjdflfZ ibjQd[lQ bidX», Vìlg`Xìejg\ IjVegeelUl ]bldfbiedfì ^_W g@ biVbidfiejW. BblG_l 65 _gf d lU_iGgejW ]bjUl`lbi 5HbeSgbUd[lUl fbjSZ- ei_i. 7M, eg `dg d^g_i_j ei^_gIiAjg `X`l^X jV flUl ]bjUl`lbi! - eiMl^WfdW j fi[jg, [fl `XdfZ]iHf Vi ]gbgd\lfb ]bjUl`lbi j lFgel[ fbjSZei_i. ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj [ifgUlbjTgd[j ldZI^igf _HSXg ]l]Xf[j j 8lb\X bidl`lQ ^jd[bj\jeiFjj, eiFjV\i j 8i- GjV\i. X ]bjVXìg\ `dgM d]_lfjfNdW ` SlbNSg d `gTgd[j\j VibiVi\j. EgUl^eW èl`N i[fZi_Nel V`ZTjf ]bjVX` TgGd[lUl ]jdifg_W j ]ZS- _jFjdfi-iefj8iGjdfi _jZdi ZTj[i, [iVe@eelUl 8iGjdfi\j `
gb- _jed[lQ fHbN\g 8 dgefWSbW 1943 Ul^i: CH^j, SZ^Nfg S^jfg_NeX! 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i 150 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- HO>SD46U8 XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj LQ=BO U S-HQ>SFQLU4 – SJS-SO FLU@QLUO! 20 _gf ]blG_l d \l\gefi bgdfìbiFjj [i]jfi_jV\ì Cif`jj. BZfN, ]l [lflbl\Z `dg eg fl_N[l MjAejTgd[j\ ]bjd`lgejg\ lSAgeibl^elUl ^ldflWejW, ]bg- dfZ]elQ ]bjìfjViFjgQ, el j ]bj`g_ [ [biMZ <[lel\j[Z eiGgUl UldZ- ^ibdfì, ]ldfìj_ gg ` Vìjdj\ldfN lf \gI^Zeibl^eXM jègdflbl`, `XVì_ lSì_Nelg ZMZ^Ggejg IjVej lUbl\elUl Tjd_i Ijfg_gQ Cif`jj. 7^ej\ jV U_ièXM 8i[flbl` ]bgl^l_gejW [bjVjdi j gUl ]ld_g^- df`jQ ^_W eiGgQ dfbieX ^l_Iel SXfN biV`jfjg bgi_NeXM dg[flbl` <[lel\j[j: ]bljV`l^dfì j dg_Nd[lUl MlVWQdfì. 7fdH^i d_g^Zgf, Tfl l^ei jV ]gb`ldfg]geeXM Vi^iT – \iejg [ eiZ[g j lSbiVlìejH. 'Zbd ei d`lSl^eXQ bXel[, [lflbXQ ]bg]l^eldj_dW ]bìWAj\j [bZUi\j [i[ g^jedf`geel `lV\lIelg j ]bìj_Nelg dbg^df`l ZbgUZ- _jblìejW `dgM ]blFgddlèibl^elUl MlVWQdfì, eg l]bì^i_ dgSW j ` d8gbiM eiZ[j j lSbiVlìejW. : 1989 U. ` Cif`jj SX_l 40 eiZTeXM ZTbgI^gejQ (eg `[_HTiW :X), i ]l ^ieeX\ Vi 2009 U.- fl_N[l 19, eiMl^WAjMdW ÙldZ^ibdf`geel\ dg[flbg. 5iU_W^eX\ ]bj\gbl\ ]l- fgbj eiZTelUl ]lfgeFji_i dfbieX W`_WgfdW dejIgejg Sl_gg Tg\ ` 2 biVi Tjd_i eiZTeXM biSlfej[l` Vi ]ld_g^ejg 20 _gf (d 14 ^l 6,3 fXd.), ]bj lSAg\ dl[biAgejj VieWfXM èiZ[g j eiZTel\ lSd_ZIj- ìejj d 32 ^l 9 fXd. 7Ubl\elg [l_jTgdf`l `Xdl[l[_iddeXM d]gFji- _jdfl` j ZTgeXM SX_j `XeZI^geX <\jUbjblìfN Vi bZSgI. 5gd\lfbW ei fl, Tfl [l_jTgdf`l :l` Z`g_jTj_ldN Sl_gg Tg\ ` 3 biVi ]l dbiègejH d dl`gfd[j\ `bg\geg\, ]gTj_l <[lel\j[Z \l_l^X\j d]gFji_jdfi\j, i, eilSlblf, dlV^i_l dj_NegQGjQ ^jdSi_ied \gI^Z ]bg^dfìjfg_W\j UZ\iejfibeXM ]bl- 8gddjQ (d jM ]l^ì_WHAj\ ]gbg`gdl\) j «fgMeibW\j», `g^N `dg ]l- d_g^ejg Ul^X U_ièlQ Vi^iTgQ SX_i ]bl^iIi fi[lUl `XUl^elUl flìbi, [i[ lSbiVlìejg, ]l_ZTgejg \i[dj\i_NelQ ]bjSX_j ` [bif- TiQGjg dbl[j. fl ]bj`g_l [ «]gbg]bljV`l^df`Z» ]djMl_lUl`, dl- Fjl_lUl`, Hbjdfl`, ]l_jfl_lUl` j.f.^. i[fjTgd[j biVbZGgei djdfg\i ]bl8gddjlei_Nel-fgMejTgd[lUl lSbiVlìejW. i Ul^X fi[ eiVXìg\lQ «egVìjdj\ldfj» [l_jTgdf`l ]bl8gddjlei_NeXM ZTgSeXM Vìg^gejQ dejVj_idN dl 143 ^l 85. l- [jbZHAj\ 8i[fl\ W`_WgfdW fl, Tfl Z^g_NeXQ `gd egVi[leTj`GjM G[l_Z ` XIII E20 EBC 151 5g \gegg dgbNgVeiW ]blS_g\ì d8gbg lSbiVlìejW – dZfdf`jg `lV\lIeldfj dl`\gAgejW fglbgfjTgd[jM VeiejQ d eglSMl- ^j\lQ ]bi[fj[lQ. l_l^Xg _H^j, ]l_ZTj`Gjg lSbiVlìejg, eg j\gHf Uibiefjj flUl, Tfl eiQ^Zf dgSg biSlfZ ]l d]gFji_Neldfj. 7f- dZfdf`Zgf ]blUbi\\i ]bj`_gTgejW \l_l^XM d]gFji_jdfl` ` biQleX dg_Nd[lQ \gdfeldfj. 5gdl\egeel, Tfl `dg lSZd_ì_jìgf lffl[ \l_l^gIj Vi bZSgI. ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj dTjfigf fi[lQ [Zbd UZSjfg_N- eX\ ^_W eiZ[j j lSbiVlìejW! 5glSMl^j\l ]ldfg]geelg ]l`XGgejg bidMl^lèi eiZ[Z ]l [biQ- egQ \gbg ^l 3% Ul^l`lUl SH^Igfi, ` fl\ Tjd_g Vi dTgf dejIgejW bidMl^lèi lSlbleZ. 5glSMl^j\l biVbiSlfifN <88g[fjèZH ]blUbi\\Z ]l^Ulfl`[j d]gFji_jdfl` d ZTgfl\ bgi_NeXM fbgSlìejQ j Vi]bldl` <[lel\j[j. :dg `X]Zd[ej[j UldZ^ibdf`geeXM :l`, dbg^eg-d]gFji_NeXM j ]bl- 8gddjlei_NeXM ZTgSeXM Vìg^gejQ ^l_IeX j\gfN Uibiefjblìeelg \gdfl biSlfX ` Cif`jj. jVegeel ìIel biV`jìfN djdfg\Z ]bl8gddjlei_Nel-fgMejTg- d[lUl lSbiVlìejW. 5glSMl^j\l Z_ZTGgejg IjVej ZTjfg_gQ, Z`g_jTgejg jM Vib- ]_ifX. 2d_j ]bìjfg_Ndf`l eg eiTegf bgi_jVl`XìfN IiQGgg `bg\W, fl _if`jQd[ZH eiZ[Z I^gf \g^_geeiW iUlejW, [lfl- biW Vi[leTjfdW ee ]l_eX\ biVì_l\, i lSbiVlìejg ]bg`bifjfdW, d l^elQ dflbleX, ` ]l_ZTgejg ejTgUl eg VeiTiAjM ^j]_l\l`, i d ^bZUlQ – ` ]l]l_egejg [i^bl`XM bgVgb`l` ^_W <[lel\j[ ^bZUjM Ul- dZ^ibdf`! 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i 152 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- HO>SD46U8 XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj SN QLNULQHSALS7S DU-OHQDU>@Q B 7SJ=AQHJNFOLLS@= HO7=DUHSFQLU4 BSLS@UBU EgUl^eW lf [bjVjdi _jSgbi_jV\i j egl_jSgbi_jV\i dl^blUigfdW `gdN \jb. Efl_[eZ`GjdN d dgbNgVeX\j dlFji_Nel-<[lel\jTgd[j\j ]blS_g\i\j, eidg_gejg Cif`jj egjVSgIel Vi^igfdW `l]bldi\j: ]l- Tg\Z l `jelèXM lTg`j^ge: <_jfX Cif`jj. CjSgbi_jV\, ` [legTel\ dTgfg, _jGigf Tg_l`g[ìXdGjM d\X- d_lÌjVej, d`l^W jM [ Sjl_lUjTgd[j\ ]lfbgSeldfW\. BlSg^i _jSg- bi_jV\ì Cif`jj ]bj`g_i [ Sgd]bgFg^gefel\Z ]i^gejH ebìl`. gfidfiVX _jSgbi_jV\ìd_g^ Vi egelb\i_Nel biV`jì`Gj\dW 8j- eiedl`X\ dg[flbl\ bid]bldfbieWHfdW j lfbì_WHf ^bZUjg UldZ- ^ibdf`geeXg lbUieX: lSbiVlìejg, \g^jFjeZ, [Z_NfZbZ, eiZ[Z. CjSgbi_jV\ egd@f ` dgSg V@bei di\lbiVbZGgejW. jVeN fl_N[l ^_W dgSW, IjVeN, U^g Z]lb ^g_igfdW eg ei lSWVieeldfj, i fl_N[l ei ]biì, `g^gf, ` [legTel\ dT@fg, [ [ifidfbl8g. BbìXg ]ibfjj ` bi\[iM Uld]l^df`ZHAgQ j^gl_lUjj bXelTelUl _j- Sgbi_jV\i eg \lUZf j eg d\lUZf ]bg^_lIjfN [i[jM-_jSl èWfeXM ]ZfgQ `XMl^i jV [bjVjdi. 'lU^ìgdN \jb `lV`biAigfdW [ UldZ^ibdf`geel\Z bgUZ_jblìejH 8jeiedl`XM ]lfl[l`, eiGj _jSgbi_X ]l-]bgIeg\Z ei- dfijìHf ei ZMl^g UldZ^ibdfì jV [lefbl_W ei^ <[lel\j[lQ j 8jeie- di\j, ]bg^_iUiW ldfìjfN biV`jfjg eg`j^j\lQ bZ[g bXe[i. ZbIZiVeXg `_idfj ` 2`bl]g j E- Ul`lbWf l fl\, Tfl ]l_jfj[i iSdl_HfelUl _jSgbi_jV\ì <[lel\j[g, ei^gI^i ei fl, Tfl bXel[ di\ `d@ lfbgUZ_jbZgf, ]blì_j_idN. +V Zdf _j^gblÙldZ^ibdf` j dfbZ[fZb 2E d_XGeX ]bjVX`X [ bg- UZ_jblìejH, [`lfjblìejH j fl\Z ]l^lSel\Z ]_iejblìejH eg fl_N[l ` <[lel\jTgd[lQ d8gbg j flbUl`_g, el j ` lS_idfj 8jeiedl`. fl VeiTjf, Tfl fi[ eg _HSj\XQ [i]jfi_jV\l\ dlFji_jdfjTgd[jQ [lefbl_N ei^ \gblQ ]bljV`l^dfì j ]lfbgS_gejW dfiel`jfdW ei d_ZISZ [i]jfi_jV\Z. :d@ Sl_NGg ]bjej\igfdW bgGgejQ, fbgSZHAjM `\gGifg_Ndfì j [lefbl_W dl dflbleX UldZ^ibdfì. - Tfl jelg, [i[ <_g\gefX dlFji_jdfjTgd[lQ djdfg\X. E[iIg\ bgGjfg_Nelg «egf» ]bl^l_IgejH ]l_jfj[j _jSgbi- _jV\i j egl_jSgbi_jV\i! 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i XIII E20 EBC 153 HO>SD46U8 XIII d#gV^i ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj ASDS< S7HQLU:OLU8 U>-UHQNODL5( CHQF! E#gV^ dTjfigf, Tfl Vi]bgf Si__lfjblìfNdW SX`Gj\ T_gei\ 'l\]ibfjj Cif`jj j 'BEE, i[fjèl ^gQdf`lì`Gj\ ` [l\\Zejdfj- Tgd[lQ ]ibfjj ]ld_g 13 WeìbW 1991 Ul^i, ^l_Ige SXfN lf\ge@e. :l- ]gb`XM, d flUl `bg\gej ]blG_l ZIg 20 _gf. :l-`flbXM, fi[iW elb\ì Vi[leiM l `XSlbiM EgQ\i j di\lZ]bì_gejQ eg dllf`gfdf`Zgf i- [leZ l `XSlbiM ^g]Zfifl` 2`bl]ib_i\gefi, U^g egf fi[lUl lUbiejTg- ejW. Bl_ZTigfdW, Tfl Sl_gg `Xdl[jQ j \idGfiSeXQ ]ldf ^g]Zfifi 2`bl]ib_i\gefi fi[l\Z «SX`Gg\Z» ^l`gbWfN \lIel, i ]ldf ^g]Z- fifì Cif`jj – eg_NVW. :-fbgfNjM, 'ledfjfZFjleeXQ dZ^ Cif`jj (EZ^ Eif`gbd\g) ` d`l@\ bgGgejj lf 15 jHeW 2006 Ul^ì df. 18.8 l]bg^g_j_: «Satversmes tiesa vŽrš Saeimas uzman‹bu uz to, ka nepieciešams pŽc iespŽjas ‹s– laik– izvŽrtŽt šos ierobežojumus un, ja nav iespŽjams tos atcelt, paredzŽt procedxru, saska}– ar kuru varŽtu pie€aut iz}Žmumus person–m, kas ac‹mredzami nevar apdraudŽt demokr–tisk–s vŽrt‹bas». (Bgbg`l^: «EZ^ Eif`gbd\g lSbiAigf èj\iejg EgQ\i ei fl, Tfl eglSMl^j\l ]l `lV\lIeldfj ` [lblf[lg `bg\W lFgejfN ejW j, gd_j eg `lV\lIel jM lf\gejfN, ]bg^Zd\lfbgfN ]blFg^ZbZ, ` dllf`gfdf`jj d [lflblQ \lIel SX_l SX ^l]ZdfjfN jd[_HTgejW ^_W _jF, [lflbXg lTg`j^el eg \lUZf ZUblIifN ^g\l[bifjTgd[j\ Fgeel- dfW\». Latvijas Republikas Satversmes tiesas Spriedums Latvijas Repub- likas v–rd– R‹g– 2006. gada 15. jxnij– liet– Nr. 2005-13-0106) E#gV^ ]lbZTigf T_gei\ EBC, ^g]Zfifi\ EgQ\i C) ]l^Ulfl`jfN j ègdfj ei bidd\lfbgejg EgQ\i C) dllf`gfdf`ZHAjg ^l[Z\gefX. 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i 154 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- JSJNQF H=BSFSA8U( SH7QLSF JS6UQDUJNU:OJBS< CQHNUU DQNFUU, jVSbieeXM ei XIII d#gV^g EBC 11 ^g[iSbW 2010 Ul^i CHQFDOLUO JCD )ZSj[d -_N8bg^ – Bbg^dg^ifg_N EBC Zb_i[c +eUibd – Eg[bgfibN Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC bl_l` :_i^j\jb – Eg[bgfibN Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC bjdfl_HSlÈgbUgQ – Eg[bgfibN Bl_jfdl`gfi EBC g_l[Zblì +eei Eg^l_d CiQ\lejd [l`_gì 2_gei CSDUNU:OJBU< JSFON JCD -Sbi\lì 0iU\ibi Zdieg -_\i g[idlìbfjWe ifHGgel[ :j[flb g_l[Zblì +eei 5j[bgeFjd ejd _jel` -b[i^jQ )ZSj[d -_N8bg^ l[jG bj^jQd )XIej[l` 5j[l_iQ Z[ifje 7_gU Eg^l_d CiQ\lejd Zb_i[d +eUibd bl_l` :_i^j\jb :gQ^jeW 7_NUi bjdfl_HSlÈgbUgQ :l_NìT +_lei [l`_gì 2_gei i_`jeNG -Qeibd BQLAUAQN5 F :DOL5 CSDUNU:OJBS7S JSFONQ JCD -Sl_jeW Zei iQFg` -_g[dgQ +`^bi -_g[die^b E[Z^g 'id]ibd %j\l8ggÈgbUgQ HOFU>USLLQ8 BS@UJJU8 JCD le^ibge[l :i_gbjQ CiVibgì 5ifi_jW jdej[ -e^bgQ 7_NGg`d[jQ :_i^jd_ì Bì_lì +eUi 7% E20- 07 E20- 155 U> ASB=@OLNSF CQHNUU, CHUL8N5( @O%A= XI I U XIV JO>AQ@U JCD CHUFONJNFUO JS6UQDUJNU:OJBS< CQHNUU DQNFUU BS@@=LUJNU:OJBS< CQHNUU CSHN=7QDUU 0lblUjg flìbjAj ]l SlbNSg! Bbj\jfg eiGj UlbWTjg ]lV^bì_gejW j [bg][jg bZ[l]lIifjW ]l d_ZTiH 90-_gfjW 'l\\ZejdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj BlbfZUi_jj! :iGi ]ibfjW ]blG_i d_lIeXQ ]ZfN TgbgV biSlfZ ` 'l\\Zejdfj- Tgd[l\ +efgbeiFjlei_g, ]lTfj 50 _gf biSlfX ` ]l^]l_Ng, `dgU^i i[- fjèl ZTidf`lì_ì \gI^Zeibl^el\ [l\\ZejdfjTgd[l\ ^`jIgejj. 'l\\ZejdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW BlbfZUi_jj `dgU^i SX_i j ldfi@fdW U_ì- elQ iefj8iGjdfd[lQ dj_lQ ` dfbieg j ` \gI^Zeibl^el\ [l\\Zej- dfjTgd[l\ ^`jIgejj. g_ig\ ì\ Zd]gMl` j ` ^i_NegQGg\. :]gbg^j Z eid – SlbFl` Vi [l\\ZejdfjTgd[jg j^gi_X – \elUl biSlfX. 5i\ eZIei ]lSg^i fbZ^i ei^ [i]jfi_l\! Bbg^dg^ifg_N ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj, 0g]Zfif 2`bl]gQd[lUl Bib_i\gefi -_N8bg^ )ZSj[d 12 \ibfi 2011 Ul^i 156 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- S-HQOLUO [ eidg_gejH Cif`jj, [l `dg\ `j^i\ `_idfj Cif`jj, [l `dg\ biSlfej[i\ dbg^df` \iddl`lQ je8lb\iFjj D4AU! SJNQLSFU@ LOSQU>@, CSBQ LO CS>ALS! ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj lSgd]l[lgei fg\, Tfl ` Cif`jj ]l^ Wèl ei^Z\ieeX\ ]bg^_lUl\ lf\gTiHfdW « ]biV^ej[j», ]bl- d_ì_WHAjg Ujf_gbl`d[jQ 8iGjV\. %i[lQ lf\gTig\lQ ^iflQ dfi_l 16 \ibfi. Bl_jfjTgd[jg ]ibfjj, di\lZ]bì_gejW, dZ^X ]bj \l_Ti- ejj (dTjfiQ dlU_idjj) EgQ\i Cif`jj jUbiHf ` ^g\l[bifjH j d`l- Sl^Z `XbiIgejW d`ljM ]l_jfjTgd[jM dj\]ifjQ j\geel egl8iGjV\Z. fl lTgeN l]ideiW jUbi! : Zd_l`jWM iSdl_HfelUl j lfeldjfg_N- elUl lSejAiejW Sl_NGlQ Tidfj eidg_gejW Cif`jj, ` Zd_l`jWM «`lje- df`ZHAgUl» eiFjlei_jV\i, [Z_Nfj`jbZg\lUl eg[lflbX\j ]ibfjW\j, ]bg^dfì_geeX\j ^iIg ÈgQ\g Cif`jj, bi^j[i_jV\i, eiFjV\i j egl8iGjV\i. 0_W bi^j[i_Nel eidfblgeelQ \l_l^@Ij \lIgf dfifN ]Zf@\ `XMl^i jV SgVXdMl^elUl ]l_lIgejW. :_idfj Cif`jj ZIg 10 _gf dZ^Wf dl`gfd[lUl ]ibfjViei :idj_jW i[ibl`jTi 'lelelì, el ej[i[ eg bgiUjbZHf ei ]bl8iGjdfd[jg W`- _gejW, eg ldZI^iHf ]l]Xf[j lSg_jfN iefjTg_l`gTgd[jg ^gWejW _i- fXGd[lUl _gUjlei «:i88ge EE» Ùl^X \jbl`lQ `lQeX. 5gd\lfbW ei fl, Tfl `dg `j^X EE, jM j^gl_lUjW j ^gQdf`jW 5HbeSgbUd[j\ `l- geeX\ fbjSZei_l\ SX_j ]bjVeieX ]bgdfZ]eX\j j ldZI^geX. :_idfj, dZ^X Cif`jj ^g_iHf `j^, Tfl bgGgejg fbjSZei_i, ]ld_g- ^ZHAjg bgGgejW 775 j ^bZUjM \gI^Zeibl^eXM lbUiel` [ ej\ eg lfeldWfdW. gI^Z fg\, fl_N[l ` 2009-2010 Ul^iM SX_j ]bjeWfX egd[l_N[l d]gFji_NeXM bgVl_HFjQ 775 ei elQ -ddi\S_gj 775 1-Ul elWSbW 2010 Ul^i SX_i ]bjeWfi bgVl_H- FjW 775 «7 eg^l]Zdfj\ldfj l]bg^g_@eeXM `j^l` ]bi[fj[j, [lflbXg d]ldlSdf`ZHf dl`lQ ^jd[bj\jeiFjj j d`WVieelQ d ej\j egfgb]j\ldfj». : Tidfel- dfj, ` )gVl_HFjj d[iViel, Tfl gegbi_NeiW -ddi\S_gW 775: ].4 . «:XbiIigf U_ZSl[ZH lViSlTgeeldfN ]l ]l`l^Z ]bld_ì_g- ejW eiFjdfd[lUl ^`jIgejW j SX`GjM T_gel` lbUiejViFjj «:i88ge EE», ` fl\ Tjd_g ]Zf@\ dllbZIgejW ]i\Wfej[l` j \g\lbji_l` j ]bl`g^gejg\ ]ZS_jTeXM ^g\ledfbiFjQ ` Fg_WM ]bld_ì_gejW ei- Fjdfd[lUl ]blG_lUl, eiFjdfd[lUl ^`jIgejW j egleiFjV\i, i fi[Ig ]ldbg^df`l\ lS#W`_gejW j_j ]l]Xfl[ lS#W`jfN fi[jM T_gel` j fgM, [fl Slbl_dW ]blfjìefjUjf_gbl`d[lQ [li_jFjj j dlfbZ^ejTi_j d 7% E20- 07 E20- 157 eiFjdfd[j\ ^`jIgejg\, ZTidfej[i\j eiFjlei_Nel-ld`lSl^jfg_N- eXM ^`jIgejQ; ].8. ]l^T@b[jìgf, Tfl l]jdieeXg `XGg `j^X ]bi[fj[j ld[lbS- _WHf ]i\WfN SgdTjd_geeXM Igbf` ]bgdfZ]_gejQ ]blfj` Tg_l`gTel- dfj, dl`gbG@eeXM `l `bg\W :flblQ \jbl`lQ `lQeX, ` Tidfeldfj ]bgdfZ]_gejQ, dl`gbG@eeXM lbUiejViFjgQ EE j fg\j, [fl Slbl_dW ]blfjìefjUjf_gbl`d[lQ [li_jFjj j dlfbZ^ejTi_ d eiFjdfd[j\ ^`j- Igejg\, j lfbì_W_ dlVeiejg \l_l^@Ij j Tfl lfdZfdf`jg <88g[fj`- elUl ]blfj`l^gQdf`jW dl dflbleX UldZ^ibdf` egdl`\gdfj\l d lSWVifg_Ndfì\j UldZ^ibdf`-T_gel` 7bUiejViFjj 7S#g^je@eeXM 5iFjQ ]l g@ dfìZ j egdl`\gdfj\l d Fg_W\j j ]bje- Fj]i\j 7bUiejViFjj». i ]blUl_ldlì_j 118 dfbie \jbi, ` fl\ Tjd_g j Cif`jW. :XGg]gbgTjd_geeX\j ]blS_g\i\j lViSlTgei j Bib_i\gefd[iW -ddi\S_gW El`gfi 2`bl]X. : ]bjeWfl\ -ddi\S_ggQ ^l[Z\gefg d[i- Viel, Tfl «Ei\ZH Sl_NGZH lViSlTgeeldfN `XVXìgf bidjV\ j [dgel- 8lSjW, ` fl\ Tjd_g ` d`gfg bldfi ]l]Z_Wbeldfj dbg^j jVSjbifg_gQ ]ibfjQ, jd]l`g^ZHAjM bidjdfd[jg j^gj, Tfl ]blW`j_ldN ` Ml^g eg- ^ièjM `XSlblèi eiFjlei_Nel\ Zblèg, i fi[Ig `XSlbl` ` 2`bl- ]gQd[jQ ]ib_i\gef». ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj ]l_eldfNH dlU_idei j ]l^^gb- Ijìgf `XGgZ[iVieeXg \gI^Zeibl^eXg ^l[Z\gefX, dTjfigf jM eg- ]ldbg^df`geel [idiHAj\jdW Cif`jj. ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj [ifgUlbjTgd[j ldZI^igf ^gQ- df`jW eg[lflbXM ]l_jfjTgd[jM ]ibfjQ, ]bìjfg_Ndfì j dZ^l` Cif- `jj, eg dlS_H^iHAjM fbgSlìejW, jV_lIgeeXg ` Z[iVieeXM ^l[Z\gefiM. ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj ]bjVXìgf eidg_gejg Cif`jj, `dg `j^X `_idfj Cif`jj, `dgM biSlfej[l` dbg^df` \iddl`lQ je8lb- \iFjj `XdfZ]jfN g^jeX\ eibl^eX\ 8blefl\ ]blfj` _HSXM ]l]Xfl[ UgbljViFjj «:i88ge EE», biVIjUiejW \gIeiFjlei_NelQ `biI^X. 2d_j \X eg d^g_ig\ 7f j\gej Bbì_gejW EBC - Bbg^dg^ifg_N EBC, ^g]Zfif 2`bl]ib_i\gefi -_N8bg^ )ZSj[d 25 \ibfi 2011 Ul^i 158 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- CS>AHQFDOLUO FONOHQLQ@ FODUBS< SNO:OJNFOLLS< FS JSFONJBU@ CQHNU>QLQ@ U NH=%OLUBQ@ N5DQ 0lblUjg `gfgbieX :g_j[lQ 7fgTgdf`geelQ `lQeX, dl`gfd[jg ]ib- fjVieX j fbZIgej[j fX_i! ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj UlbWTl j dgb^gTel ]lV^bì_Wgf ìd d 66-Q Ul^lÀjelQ BlSg^X dl`gfd[lUl eibl^i j iefjUjf_gbl`d[lQ [li_jFjj ei^ Ujf_gbl`d[lQ gb\iejgQ `l :flblQ \jbl`lQ `lQeg! l`lbWf, Tfl `bg\W _gTjf bieX. 5l dfi\j dlfeW\ \j__jlel` _H^gQ `l `d@\ \jbg, jVZbl^lì`GiW _j[ fXdWT Ulbl^l` j d@_, ]bg`bifj`GiW ` ]g]g_ fXdWTj jdflbjTgd[jM ]i\Wfej[l`, dlfej fXdWT [Z_NfZbeXM bg_j[`jQ, ` ]i\Wfj Tg_l`gTg- dfì eg ViIj`@f ej[lU^i. : d[lUl ei^ egTg_l`gTgd[j\, dlFji_jdfjTgd[lUl lSAgdf`geelUl dfblW ei^ [i]jfi_jdfjTgd[j\ gdfN ]bllSbiV SZ^ZAgUl \jblZdfblQdfì. %i[j\ SX_l dlV^ieelg ]ld_g BlSg^X dl^bZIgdf`l dlFji_jdfjTg- d[jM UldZ^ibdf` j [bZGgejg `dgQ [l_leji_NelQ djdfg\X ei eiGgQ ]_iegfg. +\geel ` BlSg^X ` \ig 1945 Ul^i. i ]ld_g`lgeeXg Ul^X `X [ d`lj\ Ul^i\ ^lSìj_j ]lTfj dg\N ^gdWf[l` _gf. 7TgeN \elUjg ZG_j jV IjVej. ìd bidfZf èZ[j, ]bi- èZ[j j ^iIg ]bi]bièZ[j. +\geel lej ^l_IeX `Xbidfj ]bl^l_Ii- fg_W\j ^g_i, Vi [lflblg `X Slbl_jdN, eg Ai^W ej V^lbl`NW, ej IjVej, dfbi^i_j lf bie j fWI@_XM _jGgejQ. :X `X]l_ej_j d`lQ ^l_U ]gbg^ \elUleiFjlei_NeX\ 7fgTg- df`l\, [i[j\ SX_ El`gfd[jQ ElHV, lfdflW_j d`lSl^Z j egVìjdj- \ldfN `dgM dlHVeXM bgd]ZS_j[, ld`lSl^j_j UldZ^ibdfì 2`bl]X lf 8iGjV\i, d]id_j lf Ujf_gbl`d[lUl ]lbiSlAgejW. gdfN j `gT- eiW d_iì ì\ Vi 5l dgUl^eW ` \jbg egd]l[lQel. 5ìdgM [lefjegefiM eiGgQ ]_i- egfX Ubg\Wf `Xdfbg_X j `VbX`X, _N@fdW Tg_l`gTgd[iW [bl`N. jb dfi^jj j\]gbji_jdfjTgd[lQ U_lSi_jViFjj dfl_[eZ_dW d lU- bl\eX\j ]blfj`lbgTjW\j j egbiVbgGj\X\j iefiUlejdfjTgd[j\j W`_gejW\j.
l_gg \j__jib^i Tg_l`g[ ` \jbg Ij`Zf ` [biQegQ Sg^- eldfj, \j__jleX _H^gQ gIgUl^el Z\jbiHf lf Ul_l^i j IiI^X, Sl- _gVegQ j eg]ldj_NelUl fbZ^i. : Ul_l`Z eiFjV\ j egl8iGjV\. 5iGi Vi^iTi eg ^l]ZdfjfN `lVblI^gejW j bid]bldfbiegejW Tg_l`g[legeìjdfejTgd[jM fglbjQ j W`_gejQ. 7% E20- 07 E20- 159 ElFji_jdfjTgd[iW ]ibfjW Cif`jj ]bjVXìgf `dgM _H^gQ ldZI- ^ifN _HSlg eiFjdfd[lg, egl8iGjdfd[lg W`_gejg j ^gQdf`jg, d]_l- fjfNdW ` SlbNSg d X ^l_IeX dfbljfN \jb SgV eiFjV\i, \jb ^bZISX eibl^l`, \jb d]bìg^_j`ldfj j ZìIgejW ^bZU [ ^bZUZ. E ]biV^ej[l\, ^lblUjg `gfgbieX! lblGgUl ì\ V^lbl`NW j \elUjM _gf IjVej!Bbg^dg^ifg_N EBC, ^g]Zfif 2`bl]ib_i\gefi -_N8bg^ )ZSj[d 9 \iW 2011 Ul^i CHUFONJNFUO =:QJNLUBQ@ 53-< FJNHO:U FONOHQLSF U CQHNU>QL FODUBS< SNO:OJNFOLLS< FS LQ B=H7QLO AH=%-5 2-3 U4D8 2011 7SAQ 0lblUjg flìbjAj 8blefl`j[j, dl`gfd[jg ]ibfjVieX j fbZIg- ej[j fX_i! 'iI^XQ Ul^ lf^i_Wgf eid lf _jMl_gfjW :g_j[lQ 7fgTgdf`geelQ `lQeX j d [iI^X\ Ul^l\ dfiel`jfdW \geNGg j \geNGg ZTidfej[l` j Ij`XM d`j^gfg_gQ :g_j[lQ ]lSg^X ei^ Ujf_gbl`d[lQ gb\iejgQ `l :flblQ \jbl`lQ `lQeg. l^X ZeldWf ` jdflbjH dlSXfjW fgM UblVeXM _gf, el _H^d[iW ]i\WfN Mbiejf j ]gbg^i@f jV ]l[l_gejW ` ]l[l_gejg UgbljV\, di\lof`gbIgeeldfN j `g_jTjg dl`gbG@eeXM ì\j ]l^`jUl` `l j\W ViAjfX 7fgTgdfì. %AgfeX `dg ]l]Xf[j [lUl SX fl ej SX_l ]XfifNdW ]gbg]jdifN jdflbjH, ZdfbljfN `flblQ 5HbeSgbUd[jQ ]bl- Fgdd d Fg_NH ^ifN jeXg lFge[j jflUi\ :flblQ \jbl`lQ `lQeX. %l, Tfl SX_l d^g_iel ì\j `l j\W d]idgejW )l^jeX – EEE) j `dgQ 2`bl]X lf Ujf_gbl`d[lUl ]lbiSlAgejW, eg ]l^_gIjf ej ]gbg- lFge[g, ej jel\Z fl_[lìejH. %l SX_i :g_j[iW BlSg^i ei^ TZ^l- `jAel egTg_l`gTgd[j\j eiFjdfd[j\j j^gW\j j ^gQdf`jW\j 8iGjdfd[lQ Ujf_gbl`d[lQ gb\iejj. + :g_j[lQ BlSg^lQ lei ldfi- egfdW eìdgU^i! :iG ]l^`jU Vl_lfX\j SZ[ì\j `]jdiè _gfl]jdN Tg_l`gTgdfì eìgTel. gdfN j d_iì ]ìGj\ j Ij`X\ ZTidfej[i\ Sjf`X! EgUl^eW ]gbg^ ei\j dfljf Vi^iTi eg fl_N[l TfjfN ]i\WfN fgM, [fl lSgd]gTj_ ^ldfjIgejg BlSg^X, el j ^g_ifN `d@, TflSX eiFjV\ 160 EBC: +E%7)+ : 07'25%- j 8iGjV\ eg `lVbl^j_jdN ` XXÌg[g. - fi[iW l]ideldfN eg fl_N[l `lV\lIei, el j ZIg bgi_Nel ]blW`_Wgf dgSW ` bW^g dfbie 2`bl]X. 0_W SlbNSX d SgV eiFjV\i». : g@ bW^X `dfZ]iHf `d@ el`Xg dj_X, lei bid]bldfbi- egei eìdgM [lefjegefiM \jbi. ÈlQ ]ldj_NeXQ `[_i^ ` dgUl^eW \lIgfg ègdfj j `X – `gfgbieX, `dg d`j^gfg_j flQ `g_j[lQ Sjf`X ]blfjèiFjV\i. Bgbg^iìQfg d`lQ l]Xf, d`lj `ld]l\jeiejW l :g_j[lQ 7fgTgdf`ge- elQ `lQeg ]l^bidfiHAg\Z ]l[l_gejH \l_l^@Ij – ìGj\ èZ[i\ j ]bièZ[i\. 7ej ^l_IeX bidfj ^ldflQeX\j ìGjM ]l^`jUl` , Ulfl`X\j SlblfNdW d _HSX\j ]blW`_gejW\j egl8iGjV\i j egleiFjV\i. fl i[fZi_NeiW Vi^iTi dl`bg\geeldfj. lblGgUl ì\ V^lbl`NW j \elUl _gf IjVej dbg^j eid! E ]biV^ej[l\ ei 'ZbUieg 0bZISX! 7f j\gej ElFji_jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj – Bbg^dg^ifg_N EBC, ^g]Zfif 2`bl]ib_i\gefi, -_N8bg^ )ZSj[d CS>AHQFDOLUO FONOHQL= JS6UQDUJNU:OJBS< CQHNUU DQNFUU QHFUA= JB=AO Egb^gTel ]lV^bì_Wg\ :id d 90-_gfej\ HSj_gg\! :dg\ d`lj\ IjVegeeX\ ]Zfg\ :X ]blW`j_j dgSW, [i[ jdfjeelUl ]ifbjlfi Cif`jQd[UlQ Vg\_j j biSlTgUl eibl^i. Bld_g `lddfiel`_gejW El`gfd[lQ `_idfj ` 1940 Ul^Z, :X dfi_j i[fj`jdfl\ ElHVi 'l\\ZejdfjTgd[lQ \l_l^gIj Cif`jj, ]ld`WAiW `dg dj_X dfbljfg_Ndf`Z el`lQ IjVej. E eiTi_i :g_j[lQ 7fgTgdf`geelQ `lQeX, `X `VW_j ` bZ[j lbZIjg j, eg Ii_gW dlSdf`geelQ IjVej, Slbl_jdN ]blfj` 8iGjdfd[jM l[[Z- ]iefl` j d jM \gdfeX\j dflbleej[i\j ` fWIg_gQGjM Zd_l`jWM 'Zb- Vg\d[lUl «[lf_i» ^l Zfbi BlSg^X 9 \iW 1945 Ul^i. Bl l[leTiejj `lQeX di\llf`gbIgeel fbZ^j_jdN eìlddfiel`- _gejj eibl^elUl MlVWQdfì – \elUjg Ul^X lfbiSlfi_j ei Vìl^g «:Z_[ie», d [lflblUl ZG_j ei Vid_ZIgeeXQ lf^XM. Bld_g [lefbbg`l_HFjleelUl SZbIZiVelUl ]gbg`lblfi 1991 Ul^i, :X eg l]Zdfj_j bZ[j j eg d\jbj_jdN d ZAg\_geeX\ SZ^ZAj\ Cif- `jQd[lUl biSlTgUl Tg_l`g[i, i ^l [leFi ldfi_jdN `gbeX\ j^gg dl- Fji_jV\i j 'l\\ZejdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj, T_gel\ [lflblQ 7% E20- 07 E20- 161 dfi_j ` 1950 Ul^Z. :X `dfZ]j_j ÈlFji_jdfjTgd[ZH ]ibfjH Cif`jj j \elUjg Ul^X bZ[l`l^j_j ]gb`jTelQ lbUiejViFjgQ «'Z_^jUj», i[- fjèl ZTidf`lì_j ` ]ibfjQelQ IjVej. :iG TgdfeXQ, di\llf`gbIgeeXQ IjVegeeXQ ]ZfN, [lflbXQ W`- _WgfdW ]bj\gbl\ ^_W \l_l^XM ]l[l_gejQ, ldfi_dW Vi]gTif_geeX\ ` l]ZS_j[lìeelQ ` 5idflWAgUl [l\\Zejdfi, ]bg[bidelUl Tg_l`g[i j `gbelUl flì- bjAi d TZ`df`l\ S_iUl^ibeldfj ` Sl_NGlQ HSj_gQ lf j\gej ElFji- _jdfjTgd[lQ ]ibfjj Cif`jj ]lV^bì_Wgf Bbg^dg^ifg_N EBC, ^g]Zfif 2`bl]ib_i\gefi, -_N8bg^ )ZSj[d 4 iÙZdfi 2011 Ul^i 162 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. XIV GN>B GP:SRCSGMS7NG?P6 AREMSS CRMKSS /2011/ PM7MI.6 BP?CRB A#1 (@ @ A4 @2@(*44 *4(21 G4@1 @*2@(*4
1#2@@ C12@@ ,IV *(
1#2@@ 1q`dmcSò – bgncincmkndW JCG ..8_[oì 12 jq][g] 2011 Xqcm 4qemgoFo cndnXmk\ i0nZcm! emNmna\n Xqiko! CgqKnd nFn qcoj, jmi\Fnjj\V iq[\ko]ao, Xqc e oikqgoo jmKnV bmgkoo. ; kqa, Skq [\dq e Ekqa Xqc_, `m` bmgko] gm[qkmdm jmc e\- bqdjnjona gnKnjoV bgnc\c_FnXq i0nZcm, CqdokoSniòV iqenk o Cgmednjon qkSok\emLki] inXqcj] bngnc cndnXmkmao i0nZcm. 8m[qkm bmgkoo bgqkn`mdm e kg_cj\R _idqeo]R, `qkqg\n [\do iqZ- cmj\ bq-bgnNjna_ jnbgnqcqdnjj\a ioiknaj\àgoZoiqa aogqeqXq `mbokmdoZam, k]Nnd\a Bojmjiqe\a o ÈqjqaoSniòa bqdqNnjona Gmkeoo, cqbqdjnjj\a gnKnjona bgnZocnjkm ikgmj\ qk 28 am] 2011 X. q gqib_ìn 10-Xq JnVam G8, i bqidnc_LFoa gnBngnjc_aqa o ejnqSn- gncj\ao e\[qgmao 11-Xq JnVam G8, Bqgaogqemjona jqeqXq bgmeo- kndWikem. ( Ekqa_ jmcq cq[meokW o e\[qg\ bgnZocnjkm Gmkeoo, `qkqg\n iqikq]doiW 3 oLj] 2011 Xqcm. ;Sneocjq, jnk jnq[Rqcoaqiko bqcgq[jq gmZ[ogmkW ein Eko iq- [\ko], km` `m` q joR ajqXq boimdo o iqq[Fmdo igncikem amiiqeqV ojBqgamMoo, ein iq[\ko] bqcgq[jq gmZ[ogmdoiW jm Zmincmjo]R Cq- dokiqenkm o bgmednjo]. 1mem] qMnj`_ ejnqSngncj\a e\[qgma e 11-V JnVa G8, bgmednjon bmgkoo o Cqdokiqenk bgoZjmdo cqikoNnjon bmgkoo _cqednkeqgokndW- XIV J61 JCG 163 j\a. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo bqd_Sodm jm qcoj amjcmk anjWKn, Sna e 10-a JnVan, jq jmcq _Sok\emkW, Skq, eq-bnge\R, jm bqcXqkqè_ e\[qgqe [\dq amdq egnanjo, eq-ekqg\R, a\ jn gmibq- dmXmdo cqikmkqSj\àqdoSnikeqa igncike, m jmKo bmgkjng\ oZ bmg- koo «JqXdmion» qkcmemdo bgncbqSknjon e igncikemR amiiqeqV ojBqgamMoo ieqoa kqemgoFma, km` `mÈkq kqNn cndmdqiW Zm iSnk oR cnjnNj\R igncike. =m bgnce\[qgj_L `qabmjoL JCG oikgmkodm 11 600 dmkqe, kq nikW Zm `mNcqXq jmKnXq cnb_kmkm, oZ[gmjjqXq e JnVa, bmgko] «Zmbdmkodm» bqSko 4000 k\i. dmkqe. ;cjm`q, ÈkqV i_aan jmcq cq[meokW kn gmiRqc\, `qkqg\n bq`g\emdoiW oZ q[FoR igncike q[0ncojnjo] «njkg JqXdmio]», Skq iqikmed]nk bgoangjq 200 k\i]S dmkqe. @-kgnkWoR, jm Ekqk gmZ e iboìn jmKoR `mjcocmkqe [\dq ajqXq jqe\R BmaodoV, jncqikmkqSjq oZenikj\R oZ[ogmknd]a. 4nbngW jmcq bgoj]kW eq ejoamjon ein qKo[ò o XqkqeokWi] è\- [qgma e anikj\n imaq_bgmednjo] e 2013 X. o e\[qgma e JnVa G8 o 6egqbnViòV bmgdmanjk e 2014 X. "ko ZmcmSo q[i_NcmdoiW jm bgn- c\c_Fna XIII i0nZcn JCG o g_`qeqc]Fon qgXmj\ bmgkoo ingWnZjq gm[qkmLk jmc oR gnmdoZmMonV. @ bngeoSj\R bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZm- Mo]R bgqRqcok bqc[qg `mjcocmkqe e cnb_kmk\, m bgmednjon qgXmjo- Z_nk oR q[_Snjon. =m inXqcj]KjoV cnjW jnk jòmòR iqajnjoV e kqa, Skq ei] Ekm gm[qkm [_cnk bgqencnjm _ibnKjq o ieqnegnanjjq. Smikon JCG e e\[qgmR 11-Xq JnVam G8 bgqoiRqcodq e iqqkenk- ikeoo i gnKnjona XIII i0nZcm bmgkoo q kqa, Skq[\ jm idnc_LFoR e\- [qgmR e JnVa G8 _SmikeqemkW e iqikmen q[0ncojnjo] «njkg JqXdmio]». "kq e\bqdjnjq o gnKnjon i0nZcm bq Ekqa_ eqbgqi_ [\dq bgmeodWj\a. «njkg JqXdmio]» e Mndqa, `mè\ Zjmnkn, bq- d_Sod 31 cnb_kmkiòV amjcmk o Zmj]d bngeqn anikq ignco 13 bmgkoV. "kq e\iq`m] bqdokoSnìm] qMnj`m oZ[ogmkndnV, `qkqgm] jm`dmc\- emnk [qdWK_L qkenkikenjjqikW. =niaqkg] jm ZjmSokndWj\n cqikoNnjo] «J» jm ejnqSngncj\R e\[qgmR e JnVa G8, jmMoqjmdWjq qgonjkogqemjj\n bmgkoo, cnb_kmk- iòn iboiò `qkqg\R bgnqcqdndo b]kobgqMnjkj\V [mgWng, jn ZmRq- kndo, Skq[\ «njkg JqXdmio]» [\d e iqikmen kqV `qmdoMoo, `qkqgm] [_cnk BqgaogqemkW bgmeokndWikeq. CqZoMo] g_`qeqcikem JCG o cn- b_kmkqe JnVam, oZ[gmjj\R qk jmKnV bmgkoo, [\dq qcjqZjmSjm: a\ bqccngNoa kq bgmeokndWikeq, e iqikmen `qkqgqXq [_c_k aojoikg\ qk «njkgm JqXdmio]» o jòmòR bgncemgokndWj\R _idqeoV e\ceoXmkW jn [_cna. Cqidnc_LFon iq[\ko] bqckengcodo bgmeodWjqikW jmKnV bqZo- Moo. ;jm _cqednkeqgodm jmKoR bmgkjngqe bq q[0ncojnjoL «njkg 164 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. JqXdmio]», jn cmdm eqZaqNjqikW ibn`_dogqemkW jmKoao Xqdqimao kna, `kq Bqgaogqemd `qmdoMoL. =n iqajnemLiW, Skq o i0nZc bmgkoo bqiSokmnk jmK_ bqZoMoL bgmeodWjqV. JnVSmi Ebqbn] Bqgaogqemjo] bgmeokndWikem _Nn e bgqKdqa. CgnZocnjk ikgmj\ bqg_Sod BqgaogqemkW bgmeokndWikeq [\eKna_ bgnaWng-aojoikg_ @mdcoi_ 1qa[gqeiòi_, `qkqg\V «idnbod» bgme]- F_L `qmdoMoL m[iqdLkjq jncnaq`gmkoSjq, e jmMoqjmdoikoSnìqa c_Rn. *qNjq kqdW`q _coed]kWi] kqa_, Skq Sndqen`, gm[qkmeKoV e 6e- gqbnVìqa bmgdmanjkn, joSna_ jn jm_Sodi]. @ 6egqbnVìqa JqLZn dL[\n jmMoqjmdoikoSniò mgX_anjkogqemjj\n gnKnjo] do[q qi_N- cmLki], do[q bgqikq jn bgojoamLki] eq ejoamjon. @ inXqcj]KjnV Gmkeoo ein jmq[qgqk. =mMoqjmdoZa q[0]ednj qBoMomdWjqV ocnqdq- XonV bgme]FnV bqdokoSnìqV Edok\. =n [_c_ kgmkokW egna] jm kq, Skq[\ gmiiaqkgnkW ein gmZa\Kdnjo] bq Ekqa_ eqbgqi_, `qkqg\n bgq- Ze_Smdo e bgqMniin Bqgaogqemjo] bgme]FnV `qmdoMoo. ;[ Ekqa [\dq ajqXq jmboimjq, ajqXq XqeqgodqiW o bq`mZ\emdqiW bq kndneo- cnjoL. 8nZ_dWkmkqa einXq EkqXq [\dq kq, Skq imam `qmdoMo] bgqcn`- dmgogqemdm iqZcmjon «jmMoqjmdWjq bgmeqeqV `qmdoMoo gnBqga». @ bgqMniin iqZcmjo] `qmdoMoo jn q[i_NcmdoiW eqbgqi\, ie]Zmj- j\n i eqiikmjqednjona Èqjqaoò o einXq jmgqcjqXq RqZ]Vikem Gmk- eoo. =n gmii_Ncmdo q kqa, `m` _d_SKokW cnaqXgmBoSnì_L iok_mMoL e ikgmjn, qikmjqeokW e\nZc jmindnjo] Zm g_[nN. =n jm- KdqiW egnanjo cd] kqXq, Skq[\ q[i_cokW bnjioo, jmdqXo, ancoMoj_ o q[gmZqemjon, bgq[dna\ aqdqcnNo. @niW «bmg» [\d b_Fnj jm kq, Skq[\ iqXdmiqemkW o iBqga_dogqemkW jmMoqjmdoikoSniòn eZXd]c\ o bgqXgmaa\. Cq-gmZjqa_ q[Z\emdòm` «njkg JqXdmio]», kmò Jq- MomdoikoSnì_L bmgkoL Gmkeoo o oZ[ogmkndnV, `qkqg\n Xqdqiqemdo Zm Eko bmgkoo jm e\[qgmR e JnVa. "kq jn e\Z\emnk _coednjo], km` `m` bgojMob [_gN_mZjqXq jmMoq- jmdoZam – Ekq gmZeokon jmMoqjmdWjqiko eqq[Fn. 2Z EkqXq o oiRqcok [_gN_mZjm] o and`q[_gN_mZjm] ocnqdqXo], `qkqgm] jnaoj_naq encnk ànNjmMoqjmdWjqV gqZjo. =mMoqjmdoZa kgm`k_nk jmMoL `mèjnoikqgoSnìqn o jmc`dmiiqeqn q[Fnikeq, q[0]ed]nk nn jnoZanjjq enSjqV. =mMoqjmdoZa jmRqcoki] e jngmZgnKoaqa bgqkoeq- gnSoo i iqMomdoikoSniòa o bgqdnkmgiòa ojkngjmMoqjmdoZaqa. «_gN_mZj\V jmMoqjmdoZa o bgqdnkmgiòV ojkngjmMoqjmdoZa – eqk cem jnbgoaogoaq-egmNcn[j\R dqZ_jXm, iqqkenkike_LFon ce_a en- doòàdmiiqe\a dmXng]a einXq `mbokmdoikoSnìqXq aogm o e\gm- NmLFon cen bqdokoò ([qdnn kqXq, aogqiqZngMmjo]) e jmMoqjmdWjqa eqbgqin.» (@.2.Gnjoj, Jq[g. iqS. k. 20, ikg. 10.) XIV J61 JCG 165 =mMoqjmdoZa e Gmkeoo bq]eodi] cmejq, eanikn i gmZeokonàm- bokmdoZam, [_c_So knijq ie]Zmjj\a i gndoXonV, ocnVjqV o bqdo- koSnìqV cnamXqXonV, bgqeqZXdmKm] qiq[\V c_R dmk\KìqXq jmgqcm. =n Zm[_cna, Skq dmkeoViòn [_gN_mZj\n jmMoqjmdoik\ iq- kg_cjoSmdo i BmKoikìqV ngamjonV o _Smikeqemdo e _joSkqNnjoo ieqnXq jmgqcm. 2cnqdqXoL jmMoqjmdoZam bgqbmXmjcog_Lk Noe_- Fon jm mbmcn gnm`Moqjj\n dmk\Kiòn EaoXgmjk\. (GmkeoVìm] iqenkìm] EjMòdqbnco], 7 kqa, ikg. 72; bngneqc i dmk.). =mbgoang, .Vemg Jd_Moi. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo qkengXmnk dL[\n Bqga\ o bgq]ednjo] jmMoqjmdoZam. *\ – Zm ojkngjmMoqjmdoZa o cg_N[_ jm- gqcqe. 6ido ejqeW iBqgaogqemjjqn bgmeokndWikeq Gmkeoo bgqcqdNok _Nn jmSmk_L bqdokò_ jmMoqjmdoZam o jn [_cnk ingWnZjq gm[qkmkW jmc gnKnjona bngnSoidnjj\R gmjnn bgq[dna, ie]Zmjj\R i gmZeo- kona jmgqcjqXq RqZ]Vikem, q[gmZqemjo] o ancoMoj\, qjq cqdXq jn bgqgm[qkmnk. Cgo Bqgaogqemjoo bgmeokndWikem [\dm cqb_Fnjm ingWnZjm] qKo[`m, qijqemjjm] jm bqdokòn jmMoqjmdoZam, bq jn- èdLSnjoL èqmdoMoL q[0ncojnjo] «njkg JqXdmio]», Zm `qkqgqn jm e\[qgmR bgqXqdqiqemdq 28,37 bgqMnjkm oZ[ogmkndnV, o bqd_Soe- Knn jmo[qdWKnn `qdoSnikeq cnb_kmkiòR amjcmkqe e 11-qa JnVan G8 – 31. Jdnc_LFoV iboiq` – «Cmgko] gnBqga mkdngim» – bqd_Sod kqdW`q 22 amjcmkm. =n bgojoamkW eq ejoamjon Ekqk Bm`k jnSnikjq o jncnaq`gmkoSjq. ;k bgmeqangjqiko ZcniW jnk o idncm. (qjnSjq, a\ [_cna einao iodmao gm[qkmkW e JnVan o bqikmgm- nai] qbgmecmkW cqengon ieqoR oZ[ogmkndnV. *\ [_cna e qbbqZoMoo, o Ekq [_cnk ingWnZjm] o mXgniioejm] qbbqZoMo], [qgLFm]i] Zm gmZ- eokon Gmkeoo. bgmeokndWikem ajqXq gm[qk\. @q-bnge\R, Ekq eqbgqi\ Èqjq- aoò o Bojmjiqe, jmdmNoemjon iqMomdWjqV iBng\ o ZcgmeqqRgmjn- jo]. =nq[Rqcoaq iqZcmkW Snikj_L o ibgmencdoe_L bgmeqe_L ignc_ e Xqi_cmgiken, Skq[\ `mNc\V NokndW S_eikeqemd in[] e [nZqbmijq- iko, [\d ZmFoFnj iq ikqgqj\ Xqi_cmgikem, j_Nnj na_. @inXq EkqXq a\ jn cqikoXjna, nido jn [_cnk e\gm[qkmj o ikgqXq iq[dLcnj ikgm- knXoSniòV bdmj gmZeoko] Xqi_cmgikem. @ 6egqbnVìqa JqLZn o eq eina aogn _bqg inXqcj] cndmnki] jm _endoSnjon gqdo Xqi_cmgikem e gmZeokoo Èqjqaoò, Bojmjiqe o e q[dmiko iqMomdWjqV ZmFok\ jmindnjo]. Go[ngmdWjm] aqcndW Èqjqaoò bgqemdodmiW o jn ibq- iq[jm gnKmkW kn bgq[dna\, `qkqg\n e\ceoXmnk gnmdWjm] NoZjW. qga_dm: «g\jqèin qkgnX_dog_nk» – in[] jn qbgmecmdm. =mcq cq- 166 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. [okWi] kqXq, Skq[\ ein aojoikg\ e bgmeokndWiken gm[qkmdo, oiRqc] oZ q[FnV ikgmknXoo bgmeokndWikem, m jn e ojkngnimR kqdW`q ieqnXq aojoikngikem odo, nFn R_Nn, ieqnV bmgkoo. 6ido Eko eqbgqi\ jn [_c_k ikmeokWi] kmòa q[gmZqa, nido bgmeokndWikeq jn iaqNnk e\- gm[qkmkW ÈqjqaoSniò o jm_Sjq q[qijqemjj_L ikgmknXoL gmZeoko] Xqi_cmgikem jm cqdXqigqSj\V bngoqc, a\ bqkng]na GmkeoL `mìngW- nZjqn Xqi_cmgikeq e anNc_jmgqcj\R qkjqKnjo]R. 2 Zm ein Ekq, bmg- ko]a Bqgaog_LFoa bgmeokndWikeq, bgocnki] ingWnZjq qkenSmkW bngnc ieqoao oZ[ogmknd]ao jm e\[qgmR e 2013 o 2014 XX. 2Z[ogm- kndo jm_SodoiW bqdWZqemkWi] jm e\[qgmR bdLiòmao o e\Sngòem- jo]ao, `mòjikg_anjkqa e\gmNnjo] jncqengo] kna bqdokòma, `qkqg\n Xqeqg]k qcjq, m cndmLk iqeina cg_Xqn. ; ej_kgobmgkoVjqV gm[qkn XIII i0nZcqa bngnc einV bmgkonV [\dm bqikmednjm ZmcmSm bq _`gnbdnjoL qgXmjoZmkqgìqXq o ocnVjqXq ncojikem, _endoSnjoL edo]jo] bmgkoo e amiimR. "kq [\dm Xdmejm] ZmcmSm bgqKncKnXq Xqcm, km` `m` kqXcm jndWZ] [\dq bgnc_XmcmkW, Skq [_c_k nFn o ejn- qSngncj\n e\[qg\ e JnVa G8. (m` Nn a\ gm[qkmdo jmc e\bqdjnjona EkqV ZmcmSo? JgmZ_ Nn bqidn XIII i0nZcm JCG, 28 cn`m[g] 2010 X., bgmednjon jm ieqna Zmincmjoo bgoj]dq bqikmjqednjon q gmibgncndnjoo q[]- ZmjjqiknV anNc_ `mjcocmkmao o Sdnjmao Cqdokiqenkm, jmZjmSodq qkenkikenjj\R Zm qgXmjoZmMoL e\bqdjnjo] gnKnjoV bmgkoo jm kng- gokqgo]R iqqkenkike_LFoR Xqgqcqe o imaq_bgmednjoV. 8_`qeqcokn- d]ao Xg_bb m`koeoikqe [\do jmZjmSnj\: @dmcoaog gqdqe – e 8oXn; 2jjm ndq`_gqem – e @ocZnan o GmkXmdn; 6dnjm `qednem – e naXmdn o (_gZnan. @in g_`qeqcokndo Xg_bb jmSmdo qgXmjoZqe\emkW gm[qk_, jq jn iaqXdo nn Zm`qjSokW eeoc_ ejnqSngncj\R e\[qgqe e JnVa G8. 4]- Nndq Zm[qdnd *mgkW]j n`miqe o iqq[Fod, Skq bgoqikmjmedoemnk ieqL gm[qk_ e Cqdokiqenkn oZ-Zm aqgmdWj\R o ocnqdqXoSniòR iq- q[gmNnjoV. ;ikmdWj\n kqemgoFo ikmgmdoiW gm[qkmkW o e\bqdj]kW eqZdqNnjj\n jm joR q[]Zmjjqiko. 7 q`k][g] 2011 X. bgmednjon JCG, jm ieqna Zmincmjoo, Zmid_Kmdq ojBqgamMoL einR g_`qeqcokndnV Xg_bb o bgoKdq è\eqc_, Skq iqZcmjon kmòR Xg_bb in[] qbgmecmdq. Cgmednjon bqg_Sodq km` Nn iqqkenkike_LFoa kqemgoFma m`koejq gm[qkmkW o gmibgqikgmj]kW qgXmjoZmkqgì_L cn]kndWjqikW jn kqdW`q e knR anikmR, Xcn _ jmi nikW bmgkoVj\n qgXmjoZmMoo, jq o kma, Xcn XIV J61 JCG 167 jmKoR qgXmjoZmMoV jnk. @ qijqe_ gm[qk\ EkoR Xg_bb [\d bqdqNnj knggokqgomdWj\V bgojMob oZ[ogmkndWj\R q`g_Xqe. Cq jmKna_ ajn- joL, km`qV bqcRqc cmnk eqZaqNjqikW d_SKn ie]ZmkW nNncjnej_L qg- XmjoZmkqgì_L gm[qk_ i bqcXqkqèqV è\[qgma. JnXqcj] aqNjq icndmkW e\eqc, Skq cd] e\bqdjnjo] EkqV emNjqV ZmcmSo i0nZcm Zm- dqNnjm qgXmjoZmMoqjjm] qijqem. 4nbngW jmcq gm[qkmkW! ;gXmjoZmMo] EkqV gm[qk\ o eqZaqNj\n gnZ_dWkmk\ RqgqKq bn- gn`dòmLki] i kna, Skq e ieqna boiWan bgncincmkndL bmgkoo boKnk Sdnj d_cZnjìqV bngeoSjqV bmgkoVjqV qgXmjoZmMoo kqemgoF 4oaq- Bnne JngXnV (Mokog_L): « bgncdmXmL cq[okWi] [qdWKnV eqZaqN- jqiko cd] eikgnS NokndnV i Sdnjmao jmKnV bmgkoo, Skq [_cnk ibqiq[ikeqemkW bqe\KnjoL _Zjmemnaqikòm` qkcndWj\R kqemgo- FnV, kmò einV bmgkoo e Mndqa». 2 k. 4oaqBnne bgncdmXmnk èmN- cqa imaq_bgmednjoo (m kmòR e Gmkeoo 108!) gmibgqikgmjokW ojBqgamMoL q kqa, ` `qa_ q[gmFmkWi], nido Sndqen` jn aqNnk jmVko bgmec_ o gnKokW ieqo bgq[dna\ _ anikj\R [Lgq`gmkqe. ;j iSokmnk, Skq EkqXq aqNjq cq[okWi], nido icndmkW oZenikj\ao Bmao- doo òqjkm`k\ knR dLcnV, `qkqg\n ]ed]Lki] Sdnjmao jmKnV bmgkoo jm knggokqgoo iqqkenkike_LFnXq imaq_bgmednjo]. 6ido Eko dLco, Sdnj\ jmKnV bmgkoo o bqknjMomdWj\n `mjcocmk\ e cnb_kmk\, imao jn iaqX_k cmkW jnq[Rqcoa\V iqenk, bqaqX_k jmVko bqaqFW _ cnb_km- kqe o Lgoikqe. "kq RqgqKnn bgncdqNnjon. 1_amL, Skq i0nZc aqX [\ bqccngNmkW nXq e bgojoamna\R inXqcj] gnKnjo]R. (qjnSjq, bgncdqNokW o ìmZmkW jmajqXq dnXSn, Sna qgXmjoZqemkW, jq Ekq jmcq cndmkW, nido Rqkoa cqikoSW gnZ_dWkmkm. 4m`qV iboiqì mcgnimao, ` `qa_ aqNjq q[gmFmkWi] Zm bqaqFWL, aqNna qb_[dòqemkW e jmKnV XmZnkn «JqMomdoik Gmkeoo/Latvijas Soci‡lists». @ boiWan kqemgoFm 4oaqBnnem nikW o ajqXq cg_XoR Mnjj\R bgncdqNnjoV. Cgmednjon JCG kFmkndWjq q[i_codq Ekq boiWaq o g]c bgncdqNnjoV bgoj]dq ` gnmdoZmMoo. .ekqg boiWam Zmid_Noemnk, Skq[\ na_ ìmZmdo “ibm- io[q!” Zm RqgqKon bgncdqNnjo]. @\bqdj]] gnKnjo] XIII i0nZcm, bngeoSj\n qgXmjoZmMoo bgqeq- c]k gm[qk_ bq bqcXqkqèn o bgoj]koL jqe\R Sdnjqe bmgkoo. @ knSn- jon Xqc\ a\ bgoj]do 26 jqe\R kqemgoFnV, Skq ieocnkndWike_nk q kqa, Skq dLcnV ojkngni_nk jmKm bmgko]. ;cjm`q, jmcq bgoZjmkW, jqe\R Sdnjqe bmgkoo bq-bgnNjna_ bgojoamLk jn ein bngeoSj\n qg- XmjoZmMoo, m kqdW`q `mNcm] kgnkW], Skq jndWZ] iSokmkW _cqednkeq- gokndWjqV gm[qkqV. CqZokoejq kq, Skq e g]c\ bmgkoo eik_bmLk aqdqc\n dLco e eqZgmikn qk 18 cq 50 dnk. 4q nikW o kn, `kq Zjmnk q iqenkìqa ikgqn oZ `joX o bnSmkj\R oZcmjoV, gmiìmZqe gqcokndnV. 168 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. "kq q[ikq]kndWikeq jm`dmc\emnk jm jmi cqbqdjokndWj_L qkenk- ikenjjqikW o ZmcmS_ bq gmZ0]ijnjoL q[Fnikenjj\R iqMomdWj\R _ikgqVike e aogn, oR qkdoSoV qk `mbokmdoZam. 2 ZcniW qcjoR idqe amdq. =nq[Rqcoa\ Bm`k\ o ej_KokndWj\n igmejnjo]. "kq icndmkW jndnX`q. (m` qcjq oZ gnKnjoV, bgmednjon bmgkoo eocok e oZcmjoòjoXo i kmòao Bm`kmao. @qbgqi q[ Ekqa _Nn q[i_Ncmdi] jm Zmincmjoo gnc`qddnXoo jmKnV XmZnk\ o e [doNmVKnn egna] jmSjnki] gm- [qkm jmc iqZcmjona km`qXq i[qgjòm cq`_anjkqe. @ qkSnkj\V bngoqc ikgqXq iq[dLcmdoiW kgn[qemjo] _ikmem bmg- koo q ieqnegnanjjqa bgqencnjoo ZmincmjoV Cgmednjo] o Cqdok- iqenkm bmgkoo. Jqikq]dqiW 7 ZmincmjoV Cqdokiqenkm o 19 ZmincmjoV Cgmedn- jo]. =m Zmincmjo]R Cgmednjo] [\dq q[i_Ncnjq 152 eqbgqim, ie]- Zmjj\R i qgXmjoZmMonV òqjkgqdna kn`_FnV bmgkoVjqV gm[qk\, coiMobdoj\ o qgXmjoZmMonV gmZdoSj\R angqbgo]koV. dnj\ jmKnV bmgkoo _Smikeqemdo e angqbgo]ko]R [gmkiòR bmgkoV ejn Gmkeoo. "kq [\dq _Smikon e i0nZcmR bmgkoV, Bnikoemd]R, gmZdoSj\R anN- c_jmgqcj\R `qjBngnjMo]R e gnMoo, Cqgk_Xmdoo, 2ibmjoo, 8qiioo, enMoo, ndWXoo o Goken. Cqidn `mNcqV bqnZcò jm Zmincmjo]R Cgmednjo] Zmid_KoemdoiW qkSnk\ kqemgoFnV q bqnZc`n, bgojoam- doiW iqqkenkike_LFon gnKnjo]. (mim]iW cn]kndWjqiko bmgkoo e EkqV q[dmiko, jmcq ìmZmkW, Skq km`qn _Smikon e angqbgo]ko]R [gmkiòR bmgkoV bqdnZjq. "kq cmnk eqZaqNjqikW q[anjoemkWi] qb\kqa, _`gnbd]kW jmKo anNc_jmgqc- j\n ie]Zo o iqdocmgjqikW. @ 2011 X., `mò ein bgnc\c_Fon Xqc\, JCG qgXmjoZqe\emdm _Nn ikmeKon kgmcoMoqjj\ao aokojXo 1 am] e goZojW`mdjin e 8oXn, an- gqbgo]ko] jm (_gXmjn 1g_N[\, e `]_jn o G_cZn, e @onkmden o ._c- gojo, bqie]Fnjj\n bma]kj\a iq[\ko]a @ndòqV ;knSnikenjjqV eqVj\. *\ gnX_d]gjq _Smikeqemdo e angqbgo]ko]R _ imdmibodiìqXq anaqgomdm, 13 q`k][g] qkanSmdo XqcqeFoj_ qieq[qNcnjo] 8oXo qk jnanM`q-BmKoikiòR ZmRemkSòqe. (m` [qdWKqn o oikqgoSnìqn iq- [\kon qkanSmdo 9 am] – 1njW Cq[nc\ JqenkìqXq JqLZm o iqLZjo- `qe – .jXdoo o J. jmc BmKoikìqV ngamjonV o nn imknddokmao. m qgXmjoZmMoL jn`qkqg\R angqbgo]koV anikjm] [_gN_mZjm] bgniim jmi Smikq `gokò_nk o bqcengXmnk iqajnjoL ZjmSoaqikW kmòR angq- bgo]koV cd] Gmkeoo. *\ i km`qV bqZoMonV iqXdmiokWi] jn aqNna òmknXqgoSniò eqZgmNmna, km` `m` `gokòm qijqemjm jn jm oikqgoSn-iòR Bm`kmR, m jm bqdokoZogqemjj\R o ZmSmik_L qk`gqenjjq jmMoq- jmdoikoSniòR, EaqMoqjmdWj\R qMnj`mR. =m jmKnV ikqgqjn – bgme- XIV J61 JCG 169 coem] qMnj`m o mjmdoZ EkoR iq[\koV. jmi nikW JbgmencdoeqikW, km` `mè qijqen jmKnV gm[qk\ dnNok oikqgoSnìm] bgmecm. *jqXon bngeoSj\n bmgkoVj\n qgXmjoZmMoo, jmbgoang e 1m_Xme- bodin, G_cZn, 8nZn`jn, 6`m[bodin o cg_XoR anikmR, km` Nn bgqeqc]k angqbgo]ko], bqie]Fnjj\n qieq[qNcnjoL EkoR Xqgqcqe ògmne qk jnanM`q-BmKoikìqV q``_bmMoo e Xqc\ @kqgqV *ogqeqV eqVj\. *\ oZcmdòjoX_ eqibqaojmjoV iqenkìqXq bmgkoZmjm `_gZnaìqV [goXmc\ *mMbmjm .geocm J`_cn. Smikeqemdo e q`mZmjoo Bojmjiq- eqV bqaqFo cd] oZcmjo] `joXo bma]ko q 130 Gmk\Kìqa ikgnd`qeqàqgb_in, `qkqgm] e\Vcnk e ienk e cn`m[gn EkqXq Xqcm. .`koeoik\ jmKnV bmgkoo bqc g_`qeqcikeqa in`gnkmg] Cqdokiqenkm 2jXmgm _g- dmìm ij]do BodWa q bgmZcjqemjoo 9 am] e 8oXn. @in Eko, m km` Nn ajqXon cg_Xon angqbgo]ko] [nZ_idqejq edo]do jm bqe\Knjon _Zjm- emnaqiko JCG o jmKoR m`koeoikqe, ibqiq[ikeqemdo kqa_, Skq jm e\- [qgmR oZ[ogmkndo Xqdqiqemdo Zm jmKoR `mjcocmkqe e cnb_kmk\. =nk iqajnjo] e kqa, Skq anikj\R gmiRokokndnV, `qkqg\n cqendo ikgmj_ cq `mkmikgqBoSnìqXq ijoNnjo] Soidnjjqiko jmindnjo], kn, oZ-Zm `qXq bgnZocnjk_ ikgmj\ bgoKdqiW gmib_ikokW 10-V JnVa, `kq jn RqSnk iSokmkWi] i oikqgoSnìqV bgmecqV, eqdj_nk _iodnjon edo]- jo] dne\R o dneq-MnjkgoikiòR iod. @ Rqc oc_k ima\n [niik\Non oìmNnjo] Bm`kqe, dqNW o cnZojBqgamMo]. =mbgoang, e q`k][gn i.X., e ima\V gmZXmg Bqgaogqemjo] jqeqXq bgmeokndWikem, kn, `kq cq EkqXq bqccngNoemd bgme]F_L Edok_, cqKdo cq kqXq, Skq ikmdo jmZ\- emkW [\eKnXq bgnZocnjkm Gmkeoo @mdcoim mkdngim bgncmkndna, eqd`qa e qenSWnV K`_gn o.k.c. 2 kqdW`q Zm kq, Skq e bgmeokndWikeq, bq nXq ajnjoL, idncqemdq [\ bgoXdmiokW q[0ncojnjon «njkg Jq- Xdmio]», bqd_SoeKnn jm e\[qgmR jmo[qdWK_L bqccngN`_ oZ[ogmkn- dnV. ;[eojnjo]ao e mcgni [\eKnXq bgnZocnjkm cndq jn Zm`qjSodqiW. _gN_mZjm] bgniim eZ]dmiW km` Nn Zm «njkg JqXdm- io]» o JqMomdoikoSnì_L bmgkoL Gmkeoo. ;cjm oZ XmZnk, jmbgoang, boimdm: «1qeqdWjq kg_cjq bgncikmeokW, Skq jmMoqjmdWjq qgonjko- gqemjjm] bmgko] eqZWanki] Zm g_ò i jmidncjòmao 2jkngBgqjkm, ]gòao bgncikmeoknd]aòqkqg\R ]ed]nki] iqikmejm] SmikW «njkgm JqXdmio]» – JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko], `qkqgm] iSokmnk, Skq Gmkeo] jn [\dm q``_bogqemjm, m cnbqgkmMoo [\do «oikqgoSn- ìqV jnq[RqcoaqikWL». (NRA. 7-9 q`k][g] 2011 X.) *qNjq [\dq [\ o jn gnmXogqemkW jm Eko «qk`gqenjo]», nido [\ Ekq [\dq kqdW`q doKW ajnjona qkcndWjqXq jmMoqjmdoikoSniò jm- ikgqnjjqXq Sndqen`m. `mNcqXq nikW bgmeq jm ieqn ajnjon, nXq e\- gmNnjon o ZmFok_. ;cjm`q inVSmi cndq q[ikqok bq-cg_Xqa_. 4m`qn 170 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. ajnjon – Ekq ocnqdqXo] bgme]FoR [_gN_mZj\R bmgkoV Gmkeoo. 1q- eqdWjq Smikq bgoRqcoki] ikmdòemkWi] i bqcq[j\ao Zm]ednjo]ao e bgniin o cg_XoR igncikemR amiiqeqV ojBqgamMoo. J bqaqFWL kmòR, m km` Nn iRqNoR oZa\KdnjoV, oR mekqg\ b\kmLki] gmibgq- ikgmj]kW dqNj_L ojBqgamMoL o iqZcmemkW e q[Fniken egmNcn[jqn, odo, bq `gmVjnV angn, jnkngboaqn qkjqKnjon ` JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo o nn ikqgqjjòma. 2ikojm iqeina cg_Xm]. =o e qcjqa cq`_anjkn JCG o jo e qcjqV gnSo g_`qeqcoknd] bmgkoo jn XqeqgodqiW joSnXq bqcq[jqXq q kqa, Skq JCG ]ed]nki] «jmidncjoMnV 2jkngBgqjkm». @q-ekqg\R, bq bqeqc_ cnbqgkmMoV 1941 o 1949 XX. e bgqXgmaan JCG ìmZmjq idnc_LFnn: «1d] bgncqkegmFnjo] mjkoiqenkìqV cn]kndWjqiko ]ej\R o ìg\k\R ikqgqjjòqe jnanM`q-BmKoikiòR mXgniiqgqe, e mcaojo- ikgmkoejqa bqg]c`n 13-14 oLj] 1941 Xqcm, Zm jncndL cq jmbmcnjo] XokdngqeMne jm JJJ8, oZ Gmkeoo [\dq cnbqgkogqemjq bqSko 14,5 k\- i]So Sndqen`. @ qijqejqa Ekq [\do m`koej\n _Smikjoò jmMoqjmdo- ikoSnìqXq mjkoiqenkìqXq bqcbqdW]: id_NmFon [\eKnV qRgmjò, bqdoMnViòn, Nmjcmga\, SmikW e\iKoR Sojqejòqe o g_`qeqcokndnV mcaojoikgmMoo (. dWamjoim, qBoMng\ dmkeoVìqV mgaoo, jndq]dW- j\n ` JqenkìqV edmiko, ie]Zmjj\n i «b]kqV `qdqjjqV», _Xqdqejoò- gnMocoeoik\. mikW oZ joR – i Sdnjmao inanV. Jgnco cnbqgkogqemj- j\R [\do bgncikmeokndo gmZj\R jmMoqjmdWjqiknV, bgqNoemeKoR e kq egna] e Gmkeoo. "kq [\dm angm e\j_Ncnjjm], e\Zemjjm] bgnNcn einXq, jnq[Rqco- aqikWL q[nibnSnjo] q[qgqjqibqiq[jqiko Gmkeoo o einXq JJJ8, angm jn oìdLSokndWjm] e anNc_jmgqcjqV bgm`kòn. JCG iSokmnk, Skq bgo bgqencnjoo EkqV m`Moo cqb_ìmdoiW o jmg_Knjo] iqenkìqV Zm`qjjq- iko. @ Smikjqiko, [\do cnbqgkogqemj\ Nnj\, cnko, bgnikmgnd\n Sdnj\ inanV _Smikjòqe mjkoiqenkìqXq bqcbqdW], ebqidncikeoo gnm- [odokogqemjj\n JqenkìqV edmikWL. ; cnbqgkmMoo cqdNj\a q[gm- Zqa jn ojBqgaogqemdqiW jmindnjon Gmkeoo. "kq oìmNmdq bqgqV e eqibgo]koo dLcnV bgoSoj\ o i_kW bgqencnjjqV m`Moo». (CgqXgmaam JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo, 8oXm, 2005 X., ikg. 12) 2 cmdnn: «@inXq jm knggokqgoo JqenkìqV Gmkeoo i 1944 bq 1952 Xqc _Smikjoò jmMoqjmdoikoSniòR [mjcBqgaogqemjoV – «dnij\n [gmkW]» – iqengKodo ie\Kn 3 k\i]S bgnik_bdnjoV. 2ao _[okq 1562 bmgkoVj\R, iqenkiòR òqaiqaqdWiòR m`koeoikm, 50 eqnjjqid_Nm- FoR JqenkìqV .gaoo, 64 iqkg_cjòm *@1 o *, 386 [qVMqe oikgn- XIV J61 JCG 171 [okndWj\R [mkmdWqjqe. ;k oR g_` Xo[dòqdRqZjoò, indWiòn _So- knd] o egmSo, ajqXon Sdnj\ oR inanV. @ XqgqcmR o jn[qdWKoR jmin- dnjj\R b_j`kmR _ikgmoemdoiW bqcNqXo o coengioo. @ EkoR _idqeo]R bmgkoVjqn o iqenkìqn g_`qeqcikeq gnib_[doò bgo bqccngN`n iqLZj\R qgXmjqe bgoj]dq gnKnjon q amiiqeqV e\- i\d`n Zm bgncnd\ Gmkeoo, e eqikqSj\n gnXoqj\ JJJ8 m`koej\R _Smikjòqe eqqg_NnjjqXq iqbgqkoednjo] JqenkìqV edmiko, oR bq- iq[jòqe o knR, `kq im[qkogqemd `qddn`koeoZmMoL e mXgmgjqa in`- kqgn Èqjqaoò. @ amgkn 1949 Xqcm oZ Gmkeoo [\do e\idmj\ [qdnn 42 k\i]S Sndqen`, èdLSm] ikmgòqe, NnjFoj o cnknV. =m Zm`dLSokndWjqa Zmincmjoo XXV i0nZcm (qabmgkoo Gmkeoo 1 cn`m[g] 1990 Xqcm [\dm cmjm qMnj`m cnbqgkmMo]a. JCG e qijqejqa gmZcnd]nk Ek_ qMnj`_. =mKm bmgko] iSokmnk, Skq èqj`gnkj\R oikq- goSniòR _idqeo]R gnbgniioo [\do e\j_NcnjjqV o q[qijqemjjqV angqV e qkjqKnjoo knR, `kq i qg_Nona e g_`mR iqengKmd bgnik_b- dnjo], o knR, `kq bqccngNoemd oR, bgqcqdNm] [qgW[_ bgqkoe Jqenk- ìqV edmiko.” (4ma Nn, ikg. 14) ;Sneocjq, Skq ikgmR bngnc bgmecqV o ein [qdnn eqZgmikmLFnV bqb_d]gjqikWL dne\R ocnV, qiq[njjq ignco gm[qkjòqe jmnajqXq kg_cm o [nZgm[qkj\R, Zmikmed]nk ZmFokjòqe ocnV [_gN_mZoo jmSo- jmkW gmZdoSj\n `qabmjoo oZa\KdnjoV o dNo. ; iok_mMoo e ÈqjqaoSnìqV o iqMomdWjqV iBngn Gmkeoo JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo iSokmnk, Skq jmgqcjqn RqZ]V- ikeq gnib_[doò bq-bgnNjna_ jmRqcoki] e bqdqNnjoo ikmXjmMoo o ibqdZmjo] ejoZ. ;[ Ekqa ieocnkndWike_Lk Bm`koSnìqn iqikq]jon Èqjqaoò o bqencnjon jmindnjo]. @j_kgnjjoV emdqeqV bgqc_`k e gmiSnkn jm qcjqXq Noknd] gme- j]di] 3.454,16 dmkm e 2006 X., m e 2010 X. – 3.039,30 dmkm; `qdoSnikeq Zmj]k\R _bmdq i 1,078 adj. Sndqenè 2006 X., cq 932,6 k\i. e 2010. X. Cq cmjj\a Eurostat, ej_kgnjjoV emdqeqV bgqc_`k jm qcjqXq No- knd], oiRqc] oZ bq`_bmkndWjqV ibqiq[jqiko jm 2009 X., iqikmed]d kqdW`q 52 bgqMnjkm qk igncjnXq bq`mZmknd] ignco 27 ikgmj 6J. @qk Xcn bq]ed]Lki] [ncjqikW o qkenk jm kq, bqSna_ Nokndo Gmkeoo _nZNmLk oìmkW gm[qk_ Zm g_[nN, jmbgoang e 2gdmjcoL, Xcn Ekqk bq- `mZmkndW – 127 bgqMnjkqe, e GLìna[_gX – 272, =ocngdmjc\ – 131, ngamjo] – 116, enMo] – 119 (e "ikqjoo – 64, e Goken – 55). ; `m`qa _cmSjqa bgnqcqdnjoògoZoim aqNna XqeqgokW, nidòqdoSnikeq NokndnV Gmkeoo ijoZodqiW jm 418,2 k\i]So, e k.S. 208,3 k\i]So – Zm iSnk niknikenjjqXq ijoNnjo] bgogqikm, m 209,9 k\i. – 172 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. Zm iSnk aoXgmMoo? 4qdW`q bq qBoMomdWj\a cmjj\a, e meX_ikn EkqXq Xqcm, oZ Gmkeoo jm bqikq]jj_L NoZjW Zm g_[nN e\nRmdq 2 300 NokndnV. @jnKjoV cqdX ikgmj\ e\gqi cq iqgq`m bgqMnjkqe qk XqcqeqXq @@C. Nn iq idnc_LFnXq Xqcm bgocnki] qkcmemkW `gncokqgma Xqi_- cmgikenjj\V cqdX. J SnXq qkcmemkW – _Nn ]ijq: jmcq [_cnk qb]kW _anjWKokW gmiRqc\ e [LcNnkn. CqEkqa_ jm gmZeokon Xqi_cmgikem, Èqjqaoò o einXq jmgqcjqXq RqZ]Vikem bqVcnk anjWKn igncike. =mcq _Sok\emkW o kq, Skq `goZoi e 6egqbn Zmancdok gmZeokon dmk- eoVìqV bgqa\Kdnjjqiko. JCG jn bqccngNoemnk bgqencnjon `qj- iqdocmMoo [LcNnkm Zm iSnk iq`gmFnjo] Bojmjiogqemjo] imaq_bgmednjoV. 8nZ_dWkmk\ bgqengò, bgqencnjjqV qi_cmgik- enjj\àqjkgqdna, bq gmiRqcqemjoL igncike [LcNnkm e 2010 X., ieocnkndWike_Lk qk kqa, Skq gmiRqc\ bqSko jm ¾ bgne\Kmdo cq- Rqc\ e Xqi[LcNnk. @ 2010 X. Xqi_cmgikeq oZgmiRqcqemdq jm 387 aod- doqjqe [qdWKn, Sna Zmgm[qkmdq. 2 imaqn Xdmejqn, Skq jòkq jn jnink jòm`qV qkenkikenjjqiko Zm kmòn cnVikeo] – jo aojoikg\, jo bgnaWng. 6cojikenjjm] qkenkikenjjqikW Zm`dLSmnki] e kqa, Skq jn`qkqg\n aojoikg\ (knbngW _Nn [\eKon) jn [\do oZ[gmj\ e 11- V JnVa. @ina, `kq Noenk e Gmkeoo oZenikjq, Skq ikgmjm cqencnjm cq e\- aogmjo]. Cq]eodoiW bqindò, bqkng]eKon ieqV ikmk_i, km` `mè joR jnk NokndnV. 1mdWKn km` NokW jndWZ]! JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo iSokmnk, Skq jnq[Rqcoaq jm- SmkW ìqjkgqd] jmc bgqoZeqcikeqa o q`mZmjona _id_X (i bqaqFWL jmdqXqe), i qSnjW ikgqXqXq `qjkgqd] jmc Mndniqq[gmZjqikWL gmi- Rqcqemjo] Zmgm[qkmjjqXq, Skq jneqZaqNjq qi_FnikeokW [nZ [qgW[\ ìqgg_bMonV o knjneqV ÈqjqaòqV eq einR nn bgq]edn- jo]R. =nq[Rqcoaq _endoSokW gqdW Xqi_cmgikem e q[noR iBngmR. =n jmcq [q]kWi] _endoSnjo] gqdo Xqi_cmgikem èqjkgqdn bgqMniim bgqoZeqcikem o gmibgncndnjo]. 4nbngW Ekq [_cnk ikgqXq ibgmKo- emkW 6egqbnViòV JqLZ, `qjkgqdog_] [LcNnk\ ikgmj _SmikjoM, e\- bqdjnjon *mmikgoRkiòR `gokngone, m km` Nn ajqXon cg_Xon iBng\ o bq`mZmkndo. qi_cmgikeq cqdNjq bqd_SokW [qdWKoV `qjkgqdW jmc aqjqbqdoikmao. 4m`, `mÈkq bgqoiRqcok eq eina aogn. @ Jm_cqe- ìqV .gmeoo, jmbgoang, 91 bgqMnjk cqRqcqe, bqd_Snjj\R qk gnm- doZmMoo jnBko, bqik_bmnk e XqìmZj_, e =qgenXoo – 72 %, e J. – 60 %. Gmkeo] jnBkW jn cq[\emnk, jq nikW ajqXq cg_XoR bgncbgo]- koV – aqjqbqdoikqe, cqRqc\ `qkqg\R cqdNj\ bqbqdj]kW Xqi_cmgik- enjj_L `mZj_. XIV J61 JCG 173 kq[\ ein Ekq icndmkW o q[nibnSokW gnmdWjqn gmZeokon jmgqc- jqXq RqZ]Vikem, j_Nnj gnmdWj\V, jm_Sjq o ÈqjqaoSniò q[qijqemj- j\V, Bojmjiqeq q[nibnSnjj\V bdmj ikgmknXoSnìqXq gmZeoko] Xqi_cmgikem. 1q inXqcj]KjnXq cj] km`qXq bdmjm jn [\dq jo _ qcjqXq dmkeoVìqXq bgmeokndWikem. =mKm bmgko] Xqeqgok q[ Ekqa _Nn jn anjnn 15 dnk. 8qejq ikqdW`q Nn egnanjo a\ Xqeqgoa q kqa, Skq[\ oabqgk o Eìbqgk [\do i[mdmjiogqemj\, Skq[\ jn [\dq km`qV io- k_mMoo, `mìnVSmi, `qXcm oabqgk bq-bgnNjna_ ZjmSokndWjq bgne\- Kmnk Eìbqgk. 4m`m] Èqjqaòm jn ibqiq[jm q[nibnSokW cqdXqigqSjqn gmZeokon ikgmj\. GmkeoViòV Eìbqgk iqikmed]nk kqdW`q 46 bgqMnjkqe qk ej_kgnjjnXq emdqeqXq bgqc_`km. @ "ikqjoo – 71%, e Goken – 56%, m e (okmn – 66%. _cna jmcn]kWi], Skq jqeqn bgmeokndWikeq [_cnk ibqiq[jq gnmdoZqemkW Ek_ ZmcmS_, ìqkqgqV iq- Xdmij\ enc_Fon Èqjqaoik\, _Snj\n o bgqoZeqcokndo. CgmeokndWikeq cqdNjq ingWnZjq bgqmjmdoZogqemkW iok_mMoL e jmdqXqeqV iBngn. =ndWZ] bgqcqdNmkW bqe\KmkW jmdqXo jm gm[qS_L iod_, m km` Nn kna, _ `qXq joZòn Zmgbdmk\. =mcq engj_kWi] ` jnq[dm- Xmnaqa_ jmdqXmao aojoa_a_ e 90 dmkqe, jndWZ] bqe\KmkW qijqej_L ikmè_ jmdqXm e 15 bgqMnjkqe cd] bgncbgo]koV, jndWZ] _endoSoemkW ikmè_ =1J (jmq[qgqk, nn jmcq ijoZokW cq 5 bgqMnjkqe jm dn`mgikem, bgqc_`k\ bokmjo] òjoXo). =mcq `mgcojmdWj\a q[gmZqa _d_SKokW ioikna_ mcaojoikgogqemjo] jmdqXqe. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo e\ik_bmnk bgqkoe ibminjo] Smikj\R Boga o [mj`qe Zm iSnk jmdqXqbdmkndWFòqe. CgmeokndW- ikeq, jmbgoang, qk[ogmnk _ jmdqXqbdmkndWFòqe cnjWXo, oibqdWZ_] oR cd] ibminjo] [mj`qe, m bdmkndWFòqe _eng]nk e kqa, Skq e Xq- ìmZjn jnk cnjnX jm gmiRqc\ e iqMomdWjqV iBngn, ancoMojn, m m`- Moqjng\ [mj`qe bqd_SmLk coeocnjc\ qk ibminjj\R [mj`qe. CqEkqa_ dLco jn _emNmLk ieqo bgmeokndWikem. ;jo jmcqndo jmindnjoL ieqnV jnibqiq[jqikWL gm[qkmkW eq [dmXq dLcnV. "`qjqaòm dnNok e qijqen gmZeoko] einXq Xqi_cmgikem, bqEkqa_ inXqcj], jm ieqna i0nZcn, a\ _cnd]na nV [qdWKnn ejoamjon. ;k ÈqjqaoSnìqXq gmZeoko] Xqi_cmgikem Zmeoiok ei] NoZjW e ikgmjn. =mcq cq[okWi] kqXq, Skq[\ e Gmkeoo [\do kmòn _idqeo] o _gqenjW NoZjo, kmòn eqZaqNjqiko bqdjqMnjjq eqibok\emkW o q[ni- bnSoemkW q[gmZqemjon cnk]a, Zm[qkokWi] q bgnikmgnd\R dLc]R o oj- emdocmR, Skq[\ aqdqc\a o iodWj\a dLc]a jn jmcq [\dq _nZNmkW jm Zmgm[qkò Zm XgmjoM_. 4m`qem ZmcmSm jmKnV bmgkoo, iBqga_do- gqemjjm] e bgqXgmaan, o [qgqkWi] Zm nn cqikoNnjon – Ekq cqdX `mN- cqXq Sdnjm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo. *\ bqdjqikWL 174 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. bgoiqncoj]nai] ì`mZmjjqa_ bgnZocnjkqa ikgmj\ jm bngeqa Zmin- cmjoo JnVam G8: «GLco cqdNj\ S_eikeqemkW in[] e [nZqbmijqiko o [\kW j_Nj\ao ieqnV ikgmjn». doNmVKon ZmcmSo jmKnV bmgkoo. Jmam] Xdmejm] o cqdXqigqSjm] ZmcmSm – Ekq bqikq]jjq _endoSo- emkW edo]jon JCG e amiimR, jn_`dqjjq gmZ0]ij]kW kn Mndo o ZmcmSo, ` gnmdoZmMoòqkqg\R ikgnaoki] jmKm bmgko]. "kq bgoqgoknkjm] Zm- cmSm cd] `mNcqXq Sdnjm bmgkoo, `mNcqV qgXmjoZmMoo, g_`qeqcokndnV bmgkoo o einV bmgkoo e Mndqa. kq[\ e\bqdjokW km`_L ZmcmS_, eq-bnge\R, jnq[Rqcoam m`koejm] gm[qkm `mNcqV bmgkoVjqV qgXmjoZmMoo o Sdnjm bmgkoo e ieqna Xq- gqcn, `gmne\R bqind`mR o XqgqcmR. =nq[Rqcoaq cq[okWi], Skq[\ jmKm cn]kndWjqikW [\dm eocjm o id\Kjm, Skq[\ dLco Zjmdo jmKoR Sdnjqe bmgkoo o Ncmdo eikgnSo i joao jn kqdW`q e bngoqc bgnce\[qgjqV `qabmjoo. =mcq _endoSokW m`koejqikW cnb_kmkqe einR _gqejnV. =nq[Rqcoaq iqZcmemkW jqe\n o _`gnbd]kW _Nn i_Fnike_LFon ie]Zo i gmZdoSj\ao q[Fnikenjj\ao o jnXqi_cmgikenjj\ao qgXmjo- ZmMo]ao, bgqBiqLZmao o cnb_kmkmao anikj\R imaq_bgmednjoV kma, Xcn jnk jmKoR bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMoV. 4qXcm jmi [_c_k ZjmkW o _Zjm- emkW, m km` Nn bqjoamkW, Zm Skq [qgnki] jmKm bmgko]. 4qXcm jo e qcjqV bgnce\[qgjqV `mabmjoo jmKo ocnVj\n bgqkoejoò, jncq[- gqNndmkndo, m ojqXcm o bmgkjng\ (`mÈkq [\dq jm jncmejoR e\[q- gmR e 11-V JnVa G8) jn iaqX_k bgoZ\emkW e\SngòemkW oZ iboìqèmjcocmkqe e cnb_kmk\ Bmaodoòmjcocmkqe qk JCG, m nido o [_c_k Ekq cndmkW, kq jn cqikoXj_k _ibnRqe. "kq jnq[Rqcoaq, nido Rqkoa cq[okWi] _ibnRqe jm bgncikq]FoR e\[qgmR e 2013 o 2014 XX. @q einR EkoR bgqMniimR jnk jòmòR S_cni, bgqikq jmcq _SmikeqemkW e q[Fn- ikenjjqV NoZjo iqqkenkike_LFnXq gnXoqjm. =mcq bgoZjmkW, Skq e jmKnV bmgkoo nikW kmòn dLco, `qkqg\n e bmgkoVjqV NoZjo m`koejq jn _Smike_Lk, bmgkoVj\n bqg_Snjo] jn e\bqdj]Lk, m e bgnccengon e\[qgqe jnqkik_bjq b\kmLki] bqbmikW e iboiò `mjcocmkqe e cnb_kmk\. @ gnZ_dWkmkn, bqbmcm] e iboiò `mjcocmkqe, jn oZ[ogmLki] bq gmZj\a bgoSojma. =mcq _Sok\emkW, Skq `qj`_gnjMo] igncòmjcocmkqe e cnb_kmk\ e\iq`m]. =mbgoang, jm e\[qgmR e 11-V JnVa G8 jm qcjq cnb_kmkìqn anikq bgnknjcq- emdo 11 `mjcocmkqe. J Ekoa ie]Zmjm o ekqgm] ZmcmSm – Zm[qkm q gqikn g]cqe bmgkoo o iqZcmjoo jqe\R bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMoV. nZ eocoa\R cqikoNnjoV e EkqV q[dmiko a\ jn aqNna jmcn]kWi] jm RqgqKon gnZ_dWkmk\ jm XIV J61 JCG 175 e\[qgmR. "k_ ZmcmS_, `m` qcj_ oZ Xdmej\R, qbgncndod o bgqKd\V i0nZc bmgkoo. "kq ZmcmSm jn qcjqXq o jn b]ko dnk – Ekq bqikq]jjm] o cqdXqigqSjm] gm[qkm bmgkoo. =mcq _`gnbd]kW ej_kgobmgkoVj_L coiMobdoj_, iqZcmemkW kmòn _idqeo] èmNcqV bmgkoVjqV qgXmjoZmMo, Skq[\ _ Sdnjqe qgXmjoZm- Moo [\dq Nndmjon eikgnSmkWi] o q[XqemgoemkW bgqoiRqc]Fnn e ieqnàgmn, cngnejn odo Xqgqcn. =m kmòR eikgnSmR, ZcniW ] bqcgm- Z_anemL iq[gmjo] e bngeoSj\R bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMo]R, jmcq gmZ- gm[qkmkW `qj`gnkj\V bdmj cnVikeoV. =mcq qgXmjoZqemkW oiidncqemjon eqbgqim (]ednjo]) odo bgq[dna\ o gnKokW, `m` [q- gqkWi] i nXq gnKnjona – Zm odo bgqkoe. 6ido i_anna Ekq icndmkW, kq kqXcm [_c_k cqikoNnjo] e gm[qkn i dLcWao. =òqXcm jn iqajn- emVkniW – dLco jmi Nc_k o Rqk]k id\KmkW jmKo q[0]ijnjo], bqZo- MoL jmKnV bmgkoo bq ajqXoa m`k_mdWj\a eqbgqima. ;[ Ekqa ieocnkndWike_Lk eikgnSo i oZ[ogmknd]ao. @ Ekqa qkjqKnjoo [qdWK_L gqdW oXgmLk ein cnb_kmk\ JCG, oZ- [gmjj\n e JnVa o e anikj\n imaq_bgmednjo]. dnj_ bmgkoo – cn- b_kmk_ jmcq idncokW Zm kna, Skq bgqoiRqcok e q`g_Xn nXq oZ[ogmkndnV: jmcq eikgnSmkWi] i inaW]ao, jmRqc]Foaoi] e kg_cjqa bqdqNnjoo, bqinFmkW RqZ]Vikem, K`qd\, [qdWjoM\, cnkiòn cqam, cqam bgnikmgnd\R o ojemdocqe. 1nb_kmk cqdNnj RqgqKq ZjmkW bgq- [dna\, _Nn gnKnjj\n o nFn gnKmna\n eqbgqi\ e iqqkenkike_L- Fna gnXoqjn odo Xqgqcn. =mcq bqaqSW jmVko gnKnjo], nido jnq[Rqcoaq, kq q[gmFmkWi] e anikj\n qgXmj\ imaq_bgmednjo] odo e Xqi_cmgikenjj\n id_N[\ Zm bqaqFWL o i bgncdqNnjo]ao, Skq jmcq icndmkW gmco q[FnXq cndm. Jbgmencdoeqiko gmco jmcq qkankokW, Skq km` gm[qkmLk jn ein jmKo cnb_kmk\ o in`gnkmgo bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMoV, jn Xqeqg] _Nn q[ m`koeoikmR o g]cqe\R SdnjmR bmgkoo. J _engnjjqikWL aqNjq ìmZmkW, Skq e EkqV q[dmiko nFn ajqXq gm[qk\ o jn oibqdWZqemjj\R eqZaqNjqiknV. =mcq imaq`gokoSjq bgoZjmkW, Skq o Cgmednjon, o Cqdokiqenk jn oibqdWZqemdo ein ieqo eqZaqNjqiko. J qcjqV ikqgqj\, a\ bgqeq- codo ajqXq angqbgo]koV, m i cg_XqV – amdq ibgmKoemdo i bmgkoV- j\R qgXmjoZmMoV q bqccngN`n EkoR angqbgo]koV ieqoa _Smikona, jn Xqeqg] _Nn q kqa, Skq[\ bgoRqcodo jn kqdW`q imao, jq o mXokogqemdo _SmikeqemkW cg_XoR. 6ido [\ `mNc\V Sdnj jmKnV bmgkoo Rqk] [\ gmZ e jncndL cndmd Skq-kq oZ einXq kqXq, Skq [\dq bngnSoidnjq, kq jmKo cqikoNnjo] [\do [\ [qdnn ZjmSoa\ao, m jmK èdmc e gnKnjon q[FoR bgq[dna e Xqi_cmgiken – [qdnn qF_koa\a. 176 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. Cgojoam] eq ejoamjon kqk Bm`k, Skq e bmgkoL eik_bmLk aqdqc\n bq eqZgmik_ dLco, `qkqg\n Rqk]k m`koejq gm[qkmkW, jq jn oanLk jn- q[RqcoaqXq qb\km, bmgkoVj\n qgXmjoZmMoo cqdNj\ bqaqSW kmòa dLc]a gmiKogokW ieqV `g_XqZqg, qiq[njjq e eqbgqin aogqbqjoam- jo]. =mcq bqaqSW kgnjogqemkWi] o gmZeoemkW e in[n bdmjogqemjon o g_`qeqcikeq gmZdoSj\ao qgXmjoZmkqgiòao angqbgo]ko]ao, _SokWi] coì_kogqemkW, e\ik_bmkW o ZmFoFmkW ieqo eZXd]c\. qdW- Kqn ZjmSnjon e iqengKnjikeqemjoo EkoR ibqiq[jqiknV o bqbqdjn- joo iq[ikenjj\R ZjmjoV oannk qgXmjoZqemjjm] bmgkonV ioiknam bqdokoSnìqV _Sn[\. @\bqdj]] gnKnjo] XIII i0nZcm JCG, a\ cqikm- kqSjq _ibnKjq nn jmSmdo, jq nFn gmjq XqeqgokW q kqa, Skq cmnk Ekm _Sn[m aqdqc\a o ikmg\a Sdnjma bmgkoo. qeqg] q aqdqc\R SdnjmR bmgkoo, [qdWKm] gqdW ZcniW bgojmcdnNok kna kqemgoFma, `qkqg\n cmLk gn`qanjcmMoo jm bgona e bmgkoL. mcmSm gn`qanjc_LFnXq jn Zm`mjSoemnki] kna, Skq gn`qanjcqemjj\V Sndqen` bgojoamnki] e bmgkoL. 8n`qanjc_LFoV cqdNnj bgqcqdNmkW idncokW o bqaqXmkW bgoj]kqa_ Sndqen`_ qieqokW ej_kgnjjon o ejnKjon Bqga\ gm[qk\ bmgkoo. 1g_Xoao idqemao – cnkmdoZogqemjjq gmZq[gmkW bgqXgmaa_ o _ikme bmgkoo. 4qdW`q kqXcm jqe\V kqemgoF cq `qjMm bqVank ieqL gqdW e bmgkoo o q[Fniken e Mndqa. ;b\k bq`mZ\emnk, Skq e Ekqa RqgqKnV bgm`kòqV ]ed]nki] iqZcm- jon gmZdoSj\R Xg_bb, èqkqg\R aqX_k [\kW o ikqgqjjoò bmgkoo. "kq bqckengNcmnk Xg_bbm, `qkqgm] ZmjoamdmiW mjmdoZqa q[qijqemj- jqiko bqe\Knjo] kmgoBqe jm Edn`kgqEjngXoL bqc g_`qeqcikeqa en- kngmjm jmKnV bmgkoo nqgXm ;[_Knem, m km` Nn Xg_bbm, `qkqgm] oZ_Smdm kq, Sna_ _Smk cnknV K`qdWj\n _Sn[joò 1-4-Xq `dmiiqe, bqc g_`qeqcikeqa 2jj\ `Kkmi. "kq cnVikeokndWjq RqgqKm] bgm`kòm o nn jmcq bgqcqdNmkW. ;iq[\n idqem [dmXqcmgjqiko RqS_ ìmZmkW e mcgni in`gnkmgnV bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMoV. Jbmio[q eina, `kq, Zmjoam] Ekqk bqik, Snikjq gm[qkmnk, ikmgmkndWjq e\bqdj]] ieqo bqg_Snjo], iBqga_do- gqemjj\n e _ikmen. ;cjm`q, nikW o kmòn Sdnj\ bmgkoo, `qkqg\n Zm- joam] Ek_ qkenkikenjj_L cqdNjqikW, jn bgodmXmLk cqikmkqSjq EjngXoo o ZjmjoV cd] kqXq, Skq[\ cqikoSW MndnV, _`mZmjj\R e bgq- Xgmaan o _ikmen bmgkoo, e gnKnjo]R bgoj]k\R jm bmgkoVj\R i0nZ- cmR, Zmincmjo]R Cgmednjo] o Cqdokiqenkm. ;[ Ekqa ieocnkndWik- e_nk qkSnkjq-e\[qgjm] `qabmjo], bgqencnjjm] eq einV bmgkoo bngnc inXqcj]Kjoa i0nZcqa. (qabmjo] e\]eodm Mnd\V g]c jncq- ikmk`qe. =n eq einR bmgkoVj\R qgXmjoZmMo]R ieqnegnanjjq bgqeq- c]ki] iq[gmjo]. "kq ingWnZjqn jmg_Knjon _ikmem bmgkoo. 6ido XIV J61 JCG 177 iq[gmjo] jn bgqeqc]ki], kq jnk o jnq[RqcoaqV m`koejqiko Sdnjqe bmgkoòmè ieqnV qgXmjoZmMoo, kmò jn ejn nn. 4qXcm o jn bgoRq- coki] XqeqgokW q edo]joo km`qV qgXmjoZmMoo e amiimR, q gmZ0]ijn- joo ocnV o ZmcmS bmgkoo ignco jmindnjo]. @anikn i Ekoa, jnk qijqemjo] XqeqgokW q kqa, Skq km`m] qgXmjoZmMo] e\bqdj]nk gnKn- jo] XIII i0nZcm JCG q gqikn g]cqe bmgkoo o bqe\Knjoo nn edo]jo] e amiimR. qdnn Xd_[qòa ia\idqa km`qXq ]ednjo] ]ed]nki] bgn- egmFnjon km`qV qgXmjoZmMoo e [_gN_mZj_L bmgdmanjkì_L bmgkoL, `qkqgm] gm[qkmnk kqdW`q e bngoqc e\[qgqe. . EkqXq cqb_ikokW a\ jn aqNna. ;[ Ekqa jn ikqodq [\ ingWnZjq eqdjqemkWi], nido [\ km`qn jnbqjoamjon o RmdmkjqikW cqb_ìmdo [\ kqdW`q jn`qkqg\n ejqeW oZ[gmjj\n in`gnkmgo. ( iqNmdnjoL, km`_L RmdmkjqikW o jm- g_Knjon bmgkoVjqV coiMobdoj\ cqb_ìmLk o jn`qkqg\n enkngmj\ gm[qk\ jm bqik_ in`gnkmg] bngeoSjqV qgXmjoZmMoo. J`mNna Snikjq, Skq nikW kmòn qgXmjoZmMoo, èqkqg\R Soid]ki] kqdW`q 5-8 Sndqen`, in`gnkmgW gm[qkmnk 5 o [qdnn dnk, m bgonam jnk, Sdnj\ bmgkoo ikm- gnLk o _ km`qV qgXmjoZmMoo jnk bngibn`koe\. ;kSnkjq-e\[qgjm] `qabmjo] bq`mZmdm, Skq nikW qgXmjoZmMoo, èqkqg\R in`gnkmgW qkSok\emnki] q bgqcndmjjqa e knSnjon 3-5 aoj_k, Sdnj\ bmgkoo jn e\ik_bmLk, jn Xqeqg]k q[ _d_SKnjoo bmgkoVjqV gm- [qk\ o qMnjoemLk jn gm[qk_ in`gnkmg] odo bgmednjo], m einV qgXm- joZmMoo, Skq ]ed]nki] m[i_gcqa o jn iqqkenkike_nk _ikme_. 6Fn R_Nn, nido e kmòR iq[gmjo]R _Smike_Lk ikqgqjjoò, NndmLFon eik_bokW e bmgkoL, bqccngNoemLFon jmi jm e\[qgmR e anikj\n im- aq_bgmednjo] o JnVa, m eoc] kq, `mè\Xd]cok bngeoSjm] qgXmjoZm- Mo], cndmLk e\eqc\ q einV bmgkoo, o, niknikenjjq, e km`_L bqdokoSnì_L qgXmjoZmMoL jn eik_bmLk. @in Eko qKo[ò aqNjq o j_Njq oibgmeokW ìdnc_LFna_, XV i0nZc_ JCG. 6ido EkqXq jn icndmna, kq ajqXon jmKo _iodo] o ocno jn _enjSmLki] _ibnRqa. qeqg] q bmgkoo e Mndqa: bq jmKna_ ajnjoL, qjm RqgqKq ikg_`k_- gogqemjm, cqikmkqSjq qgXmjoZqemjjm o oannk jnq[Rqcoaqn `qdoSnikeq Sdnjqe, Skq[\ e\bqdj]kW ieqL ZmcmS_ e q[Fniken o ikgmjn. ; ieqoR jncqikmk`mR o jn icndmjjqV gm[qkn qk`gqenjjq o iandq aqNnk Xqeq- gokW kqdW`q iodWjm] bmgko], oanLFm] bqccngN`_ e jmgqcn o eocnjon bngibn`koe\ gmZeoko]. JCG ein Ekq inXqcj] nikW, jq jn`qkqg\n eq- bgqi\ cqdNj\ [\kW qgXmjoZqemj\ e iqqkenkikeoo i kgn[qemjo]ao in- Xqcj]KjnXq cj]. 2 ein eanikn a\ aqNna Ekq icndmkW. 8mZeoem] ieqL cn]kndWjqikW, eq ajqXqa qijqemjj_L jm q[ni- bnSnjoo ojkngniqe q[Fnikem o jmbgmednjoo nXq bq b_ko cnaq`gmkoo, 178 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. ojkngjmMoqjmdoZam, bqe\Knjoo gqdo gm[qSnXq, jma jmcq RqgqKq ZjmkW ojkngni\ q[Fnikem. ;[Fnikeq, cd] cqikoNnjo] ieqoR ojkngn- iqe, cndnXog_nk ieqo i_engnjj\n bgmem jm edmikW e Xqi_cmgiken ieqoa bgncikmeoknd]a (cnb_kmkma) e JnVan o imaq_bgmednjo]R. 4q, Skq Nokndo Gmkeoo, q[gmZ_LFon dmkeoVìqn q[Fnikeq, jn _cqednkeqgnj\ inXqcj]KjnV iok_mMonV, ieocnkndWike_nk kqk Bm`k, Skq _ Xqi_cmgikenjj\R qgXmjqe edmiko e jmKnV ikgmjn qSnjW joZòV bgnikoN e XdmZmR dLcnV. =mbgoang, _ JnVam G8 kmòR kqdW`q 10 (!) bgqMnjkqe. CqEkqa_ [qdWKqV bqccngN`qV Zm`qjSodqiW jmgqcjqn Xq- dqiqemjon bq gqib_ì_ 10-Xq o ejnqSngncj\n e\[qg\ 11-Xq JnVam. @ibqajoa, Skq e gnBngnjc_an bq gqib_ì_ 10-Xq JnVam _Smikeqemdq 44,73 bgqMnjkqe oZ[ogmkndnV Gmkeoo, o 94,3% bgqXqdqiqemdq Zm gqi- b_ì JnVam. "ko oZ[ogmkndo jmoejq bqdmXmdo, Skq iqRgmjoe ikmg_L oZ[ogmkndWj_L ioikna_, eqZaqNjq Zmbqd_SokW jqe\V iqikme JnVam. @\[qg\ e 11-V JnVa cq`mZmdo, Skq, eq-bnge\R, _ edmiko qikmdoiW kn Nn ima\n bmgkoo, o [qdnn kqXq – kqk Nn bgnaWng-aojoikg o bgncin- cmkndW JnVam. @anikn i Ekoa qikmdmiW jnoZanjjqV o bgme]Fm] bq- dokoSnìm] Edokm, bgoSna iodWjq `mSj_dmiW ebgmeq e bqdokoSnìqa ibn`kgn – ikmdm qk`gqenjjq jmMoqjmdoikoSnìqV. *qNna ìmZmkW, Skq _ edmiko e Gmkeoo and`q[_gN_mZj\n bmgkoo i qk`gqenjjq jmMoq- jmdoikoSniòao bqdokoSniòao _ikmjqèmao. _cna bqidncqemkndWj\ – jmgqc jn bqd_Sod kq, jm Skq gmiSok\- emd. 1d] jmKnV bmgkoo Ekq qZjmSmnk: nFn gnZ_dWkmkoejnn gm[qkmkW e iqikmen q[0ncojnjo] bqdokoSniòR bmgkoV «njkg JqXdmio]», bgqcqdNmkW Zmg_SmkWi] nFn [qdWKnV bqccngN`qV e q[Fniken, Zm- eqne\em] [qdWKnn `qdoSnikeq cnb_kmkiòR amjcmkqe, nFn [qdWKnn cqengon oZ[ogmkndnV. *\ jn iqajnemnai] e kqa, Skq aqNna EkqXq cqikoSW, km` `mèin, Skq jmboimjq e jmKoR bgnce\[qgjqV o bmgkoV- jqV bgqXgmaamR, iqqkenkike_nk ojkngnima o Sm]jo]a [qdWKnV Smiko jmindnjo]. GLco [_c_k engokW jma o jn qkengj_ki] qk jmi, nido qikmjnai] engj\ao Ekoa Mnd]a o i_anna [qgqkWi] Zm oR gnm- doZmMoL. 2 jma jmcq [\kW Xqkqe\aò m`koejqV bqdokoSnìqV cn]- kndWjqiko e [doNmVKnn egna], km` `màmdq jmcnNc\ jm kq, Skq _cmSm e gm[qkn jm [dmXq Gmkeoo [_cnk iqb_kikeqemkW Kokqa_ [n- d\ao jok`mao ojkngni_ bqdokoSniòR bmgkoV o doSj\R ojkngniqe aojoikgqe, (m[ojnk_ aojoikgqe, bqkqa_, Skq ikgmjm cqencnjm cq km`qXq iqikq]jo], Skq qcjqXq doKW ibminjo] Xqi_cmgikenjjqXq ]Z\`m o bnjo] jmgqcj\R bninj, qi_Ncnjo] cnbqgkmMoV o km` jmZ\- emnaqV q``_bmMoo, ]ejq jn Remkok. qgamdWjq qdoXmgRo iengXj_k\, jq qk EkqXq Gmkeo] joSnXq jn e\oXgmdm. 6ido „A 3” („A” è_[n: .jc- XIV J61 JCG 179 goi+.Vjmgi+.Vemgi) jn kqdW`q Xqeqgodo, jq o iqZcmemdo gm[qSon anikm, kq jqeqn bgmeokndWikeq cmNn jn Xqeqgok q jqe\R gm[qSoR anikmR. GLco eq einV Gmkeoo bgqi]k: cmVkn gm[qk_, cmVkn Xqi_- cmgikenjj_L bqccngN`_ cd] qieqnjo] jqe\R qkgmidnV bgqoZeqc- ikem, cd] iqZcmjo] jqe\R `gnikW]jiòR RqZ]Vike. @anikq einXq EkqXq _Nn i bnge\R cjnV bqidn e\[qgqe 11-Xq JnVam bq]ed]nki] oj- BqgamMo] q Nndmjoo iqZcmkW bmgkoL Xqgqcm 8oXo, `gmne\n bmgkoo. @ 8oXn q[ Ekqa Xqeqgok eoMn-aEg X-j .angoì, e jn`qkqg\R `gm]R km`m] ocn] jmRqcoki] e ikmcoo gmZeoko]. =n kg_cjq gmZXd]cnkW, Skq kmòn ocno jmRqc]ki] e _amR knR dLcnV, bmgkoòqkqg\R gmZemdo- doiW, imaqdoèocogqemdoiW odo jn bqbmdo e JnVa, e Rqcn [qgW[\ i qdoXmgRmao, jq e g_`mR oR Sdnjqe bmgkoo qikmdi] mcaojoikgmkoe- j\V gni_gi e imaq_bgmednjo]R, o qk edmiko qjo qkRqcokW jn Rqk]k. @in Ekq o ajqXqn cg_Xqn iqZcmik nFn [qdnn Zmb_kmjj_L bqdokoSn- ì_L iok_mMoL e [doNmVKnn egna], Skq e ieqL qSngncW [_cnk kgn- [qemkW [qdWKn iod o egnanjo, `qkqg\R jn Remkok cd] gnKnjo] bgq[dnàgm], Xqgqcm o einV ikgmj\ e Mndqa. 4m`qem gnmdWjqikW o [doNmVKnn bqdokoSnìqn [_c_Fnn Gmkeoo. nXq Nn Rqkndo cq[okWi] dLco, Xqdqi_] Zm gqib_ì 10-Xq JnVam o e\[ogm] jqe\V, 11-V? ;[ Ekqa ieocnkndWike_Lk gnZ_dWkmk\ qbgqiqe q[FnikenjjqXq ajnjo]. ;kenSm] jm eqbgqi: i SnXq cqdNnj jmSmkW ieqL gm[qk_ idn- c_LFoV JnVa? 62 bgqMnjkm qkenkodo – cq[okWi] gmZeoko] jmgqcjqXq RqZ]Vikem; 39 bgqMnjkqe – doèocogqemkW `qgg_bMoL; 32 bgqMnjkm – bgqXjmkW oZ edmiko qdoXmgRqe; 19 bgqMnjkqe – _endoSokW (ojcnìogqemkW) bnjioo; 17 bgqMnjkqe – gnKokW cnaqXgmBoSniòn bgq[dna\. . Skq a\ Sokmna e bgmeokndWikenjjqV cn`dmgmMoo? =m eqbgqi: `mòn bqdokoò [qdWKn einXq j_Nj\ cd] _bgmednjo] Xqi_cmgikeqa? 61 bgqMnjk qbgqKnjj\R qkenkod : dLco i ocn]ao, ]ij\a bdmjqa cnVikeoV; 54 bgqMnjkm: q[gmZqemjj\n, _aj\n dLco; 25 bgqMnjkqe: dLco i [nZ_bgnSjqV gnb_kmMonV o bqdokoSniòa qb\kqa. 4mòR cnb_kmkqe Rqknd eocnkW jmgqc. (mòR e\[gmdo – bq`mNnk egna]. ;cjm`q ajqXon oZ[gmjj\n cnb_kmk\ o e\ceoj_k\n jm aojo- ikngiòn bqik\, _Nn inVSmi jn aqX_k iqqkenkikeqemkW eina kgn[q- emjo]a oZ[ogmkndnV. =q, `m` ] Xqeqgod – egna] bq`mNnk. 180 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. emNmna\n cndnXmk\ i0nZcm! "kq [\d bngoqc bqidn XIII i0nZcm JCG. 4mòao [\do iq[\ko], jm `qkqg\n cqdNjm [\dm gnmXogqemkW bmgko]. jmi nikW qijqemjo] iSokmkW, Skq e Mndqa Cgmednjon o Cqdokiqenk ibgmeodoiW iq ieqoao ZmcmSmao. =q jmcq [_cnk icndmkW nFn [qdWKn e idnc_LFna Xqc_. =m idnc_LFna, XV i0nZcn, jmcq [_cnk e\[ogmkW jqe\n g_`qeqc]- Fon qgXmj\ bmgkoo, q[i_cokW oZanjnjo] e ikmen, _kengcokW knZoi\ `qjMnbMoo bgnce\[qgjqV bgqXgmaa\ cd] e\[qgqe e anikj\n imaq- _bgmednjo] e 2013 Xqc_ – Ekq [qdWKon o qkenkikenjj\n ZmcmSo, bgn- keqgnjon `qkqg\R e NoZjW [_cnk kgn[qemkW aq[odoZmMoo einR keqgSniòR iod bmgkoo. *\ _[nNcnj\, Skq i0nZc bqccngNok bgq- Xgmaa_ gm[qk\ bmgkoo jm [doNmVKoV Xqc. ;k oanjo Cgmednjo] o Cqdokiqenkm JCG e\gmNmL [dmXqcmg- jqikW m`koeoikma jmKnV bmgkoo, `qddnXma bq q[0ncojnjoL «njkg JqXdmio]» o eina jmKoa cg_ZW]a oZ [gmkiòR bmgkoV. =ma j_Njm m`koejm] cn]kndWjqikW eq einR iBngmR, Skq[\ iqeanikj\ao _io- do]ao icndmkW NoZjW e Gmkeoo [qdnn iSmikdoeqV o [qXmkqV. 2anjjq Ekq ]ed]nki] XdmejqV ZmcmSnV jmKnV bmgkoo, qikmdWjqn – kqdW`q oj- ikg_anjk cd] nn cqikoNnjo]. Jdmem kg_c_ o nXq keqgM_, iqZcmkndL jqe\R MnjjqiknV – Sndqen`_! EN>PC8:S9 XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo IN/ER!BRIR< CRMKSS – AERKP =7RGMKPKRM& K K.-PER, @\[qg\ imaq_bgmednjoV Gmkeoo 2013 Xqcm e id_Smn, nido qjo ijqem bgqVc_k [nZ _Smiko] jnXgmNcmj, [_c_k _Nn Knik\ao bqcg]c, e kqa Soidn kgnkWoao bqidn eik_bdnjo] jmKnV ikgmj\ e 6J, `qkq- g\n jndWZ] jmZemkW einq[Foao. Cgoj]kqn 15 q`k][g] 1991 Xqcm bqikmjqednjon @J G8 gmZcn- dodq jmindnjon Gmkeoo jm XgmNcmj o jnXgmNcmj, kna ima\a iqZcme qijqe_ cd] bgqencnjo] jn einq[FoR o jncnaq`gmkoSniòR e\[qgqe e JnVa o anikj\n qgXmj\ edmiko. "koa gnKnjona bgme]Fm] jm- MoqjmdWjm] Edokm Zmgmjnn bqikmgmdmiW XmgmjkogqemkW in[n jnZm- `qjjqn o jnZmid_Nnjjqn bgnoa_Fnikeq jm e\[qgmR, bgqeqcoa\R e knSnjon _Nn 20 dnk, Rqk] km`m] coìgoaojmMo] bgqkoeqgnSok ik. 91 Jmkengian. CgqoiRqcok Ekq o eqbgnò kqa_, Skq 11 amgkm 2004 Xqcm, bngnc eik_bdnjona Gmkeoo e 6egqbnViòV JqLZ, 6egqbnViòV bmgdmanjk XIV J61 JCG 181 bgoj]d gnZqdLMoL, èqkqgqV m[iqdLkjq ]ijq Zm]eod q kqa, Skq jn- q[Rqcoaq bgoieqokW jnXgmNcmjma, bqikq]jjq bgqNoemLFoa jm kng- gokqgoo Gmkeoo, bgmeq XqdqiqemkW o [mddqkogqemkWi] jm e\[qgmR imaq_bgmednjoV. "ikqjo] e\bqdjodm Ekq _idqeon, m km`Nn bgncq- ikmeodm jnXgmNcmjma bgmeq _SmikeqemkW e 6egqbnViòR e\[qgmR. Gmkeo] Nn bq-bgnNjna_ bgqcqdNmnk oXjqgogqemkW cmjj_L gnZqdL- MoL 6egqbnVìqXq bmgdmanjkm e qkjqKnjoo ieqoR jnXgmNcmj, Rqk] XgmNcmjma cg_XoR ikgmj 6egqiqLZm bgmeq _Smiko] e e\[qgmR anik- j\R imaq_bgmednjoV bgncqikmeodm. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo e\gmNmnk `mknXqgoSniòV bgq- knik e ie]Zo i kna, Skq kgnkW aoddoqjm NokndnV Gmkeoo - jnXgmNcmj, `qkqg\n gm[qkmLk jm nn [dmXq o bdmk]k jmdqXo, doKnj\ eqZaqNjq- iko e\[ogmkW ieqoR bgncikmeokndnV e 6egqbmgdmanjk o anikj\n im- aq_bgmednjo]. ;[gmFmnai] ` cnb_kmkma JnVam, CgnZocnjk_ Gmkeoo òm[ojnk_ aojoikgqe i kgn[qemjona jnZmancdokndWjq oibqdWZqemkW ieqòqj- ikok_Moqjj\n bqdjqaqSo] cd] bgncqikmednjo] jnXgmNcmjma Gmk- eoo bgmem _Smiko] e e\[qgmR cnb_kmkqe 6egqbmgdmanjkm o anikj\R imaq_bgmednjoV. 12 jq][g] 2011 Xqcm EN>PC8:S9 XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo AP @ 6egqbnVìqa JqLZn Soidq ojemdocqe iqikmed]nk 80 adj.Sn- dqen`. "kq q`qdq 16 bgqMnjkqe einXq jmindnjo] Jqq[Fnikem. Jgnco ojemdocqe [nZgm[qkoMm e igncjna e cem gmZm e\Kn, Sna ignco Zcq- gqe\R dLcnV. gqenjW [ncjqiko ignco ojemdocqe jm 70 bgqMnjkqe e\Kn igncjnXq e 6egqbn. @ Gmkeoo Zm bqidncjon Xqc\, e gnZ_dWkmkn jnejoamjo] bgmeo- kndWikem ` bgq[dnan ZcgmeqqRgmjnjo] òqaangMomdoZmMoo anco- Moj\, ZjmSokndWjq _endoSodqiW Soidq ojemdocqe o cqikoXdq 144 k\i]S Sndqenè 2011 Xqc_, e kqa Soidn 26 000 – ojemdocqe I Xg_bb\ o 7 000 cnknV. Cgq[dnam ojemdocjqiko o [ncikenjjqn bqdqNnjon [qdWKojikem ojemdocqe e Gmkeoo kgn[_nk _iodokW ejoamjon Xqi_cmgikem ÈkqV bgq[dnan. *\, cndnXmk\ XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo, kgn- [_na qk cnb_kmkqe JnVam G8 o bgmeokndWikem Gmkeoo gmkoBoMogq- 182 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. emkW (qjenjMoL ;;= q[ ojemdocjqiko o bgoik_bokW ` bqiknbnjjqa_ e\bqdjnjoL n kgn[qemjoV. CqaqXokn, Xqibqcm, ojemdocma! 12 jq][g] 2011 Xqcm EN>PC8:S9 XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo GKP-PB= ARMESPMR< ?=-. Jeq[qc_ `_[ojMma ngjmjcq qjimdnZ Gdqgk_(Fernando González Llort),ngmgcq ngjmjcnZ =qgcndq(Gerardo Hernández Nordelo), 8maqj Gm[mjojq JmdmZmg_(Ramón Labañino Salazar),8njn qjimdnZ JnRengngk_ (René Gonzalez Sehwerert) o .jkqjoq _- Eggngq 8qcgoXni_(Antonio Guerrero Rodríguez), kqa]Foai] e kLgW- amR J.! 1ndnXmk\ IV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo, ein Sdnj\ bmgkoo bgoiqncoj]Lk ieqo Xqdqim ìbgmencdoe\a kgn[qem- jo]a aogqeqV q[Fnikenjjqiko e doMn oZenikj\R bgmeqZmFokj\R qgXmjoZmMoV, eocj\R q[Fnikenjj\R cn]kndnV, 10 =q[ndneiòR dm_- gnmkqè bgnZocnjk_ J. mgm`_ ;[man qieq[qcokW `_[ojMne: ng- jmjcq qjimdnZ Gdqgk_, ngmgcq ngjmjcnZ =qgcndq, 8maqj Gm[mjojq JmdmZmg_,8njn qjimdnZ JnRengngk_ o .jkqjoq _Eggngq 8qcgoXni_ oZ Zm`dLSnjo] e kLgWamR J.. =niaqkg] jm kq, Skq 8njn qjimdnZ JnRengngkm 7 q`k][g] 2011 Xqcm cqigqSjq Zm RqgqKnn bqencnjon bqidn 85% qk[\kqXq igq`m qieq[qNcnj oZ Zm`dLSnjo], a\ q[nibq`qnj\ iqikq]jona nXq Zcq- gqeW] o nXq [nZqbmijqikWL , bqìqdW`_ qjimdnZ JnRengngkm doKnj eqZaqNjqiko engj_kWi] jm (_[_ o cqdNnj jmRqcokWi] jm knggokqgoo J. nFn 3 Xqcm, Xcn na_ aqNnk XgqZokW qbmijqikW. 13 dnk, bgqencnjj\n e Zm`dLSnjoo, bq ajnjoL qgXmjoZmMoo Amnesty International (13 q`k][g] 2010 X.), m km`Nn gm[qSnV Xg_bb\ ;;= bq cmjjqa_ eqbgqi_ e 2005 Xqc_, jn cmdo qcjqZjmSjqV qMnjò ikqdW i_gqeqa_ jm`mZmjoL. *\ q[gmFmnai] ` bgnZocnjk_ J. m- gm`_ ;[man i bgqiW[qV bqaodqemkW ngjmjcq qjimdnZ Gdqgk_, n- gmgcq ngjmjcnZ =qgcndq, 8maqj Gm[mjojq JmdmZmgm, 8njn qjimdnZ JnRengngk_ o .jkqjoq _Eggngq 8qcgoXnim o cmkW oa eqZ- aqNjqikW engj_kWi] jm gqcoj_ – jm (_[_. 12 jq][g] 2011 Xqcm XIV J61 JCG 183 EN>PC8:S9 XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo IN BPA=GMSM& G?RCR:SS IR:SPIRCS> Nn cem cni]kodnko] bqcg]c jmMoqjmdoZa eqZencnj e gmjX qBo- MomdWjqV ocnqdqXoo jmKnXq Xqi_cmgikem. 2anjjq e c_Rn and`q[_g- N_mZjqXq jmMoqjmdoZam, g_iqBq[oo, `qkqg\n oc_k g_`m q[ g_`_ i mjkoiqenkoZaqa o mjkòqaa_joZaqa, eqibok\emnki] bqcgmikmLFnn bq`qdnjon. Jgncikemao amiiqeqV ojBqgamMoo bgnbqcjqioki] `gmVjn knjcnjMoqZj\V, oìmNnjj\V eZXd]c jm iqenkiòV bngoqc, `qXcm kg_c]Foni] Gmkeoo Nodo e iqikmen [gmkìqV, ajqXqjmMoqjmdW- jqV inaWo jmgqcqe JJJ8, `qkqgm] jn Zjmdm anNjmMoqjmdWj\R eqVj o eqqg_Nnjj\R `qjBdòkqe. 1d] Zm`gnbdnjo] bqdokoò jmMoqjmdoZam jm Xqi_cmgikenjjqa _gqejn, [_gN_mZjm] edmikW gmZcndodm NokndnV ikgmj\ jm XgmNcmj o jnXgmNcmj, bgqendm, e\ZemeK_L eqdj_ amiiqe\R bgqknikqe, gn- Bqga_ igncjnXq q[gmZqemjo] e 2004 X., bgncdmXmdm q[Fnike_ gmZ- doSj\n bgqXgmaa\ «ojknXgmMoo», [qdWKn bqRqNon jm miioaod]MoL jndmk\KìqV Smiko jmindnjo]. Cgo Ekqa, i aqdSmdoeqXq iqXdmio] edmikW oa_FoR, e Gmkeoo ieq[qcjq cnVike_Lk bgqBmKoikiòn q[- Fnikenjj\n qgXmjoZmMoo, qkanSmLFon XqcqeFoj_ jmMoikìqV q``_- bmMoo 8oXo 1 oLd] 1941 X., bgqcmLki] XmZnk\ bgoZ\emLFon ` «cnq``_bmMoo», «cn`qdqjoZmMoo» o «cn[qdWKneoZmMoo». @i [qdW- KnV bqccngN`qV jmMoqjmdWjq qgonjkogqemjjqV aqdqcnNo bqdW- Z_Lki] nNnXqcj\n bma]kj\n Knikeo] e SnikW [\eKoR dnXoqjngqe «@mBBnj JJ». "ko o g]c cg_XoR Bm`kqe jmXd]cjq bq`mZ\emLk, Skq bgme]FoV ikgmjqV `dmii cndmnk ein cd] bqikq]jjqXq bncmdogqemjo] jmMoq- jmdWjqXq eqbgqim, ejqi]FnXq iodWjnVKoV gmìqd e dmkeoVìqn q[- Fnikeq, iqZcmem], bq-i_ko, ce_Rq[Fojjqn Xqi_cmgikeq. e\, jn ikmdo oìdLSnjona bgqKncKon e\[qg\ e 11-V JnVa G8 o bqidnc_LFoV bgqMnii Bqgaogqemjo] bgme]FnV `qmdoMoo. Cq[n- coeKnn jm e\[qgmR o Zmg_SoeKnni] bqccngN`qV bqSko 260 k\i]S oZ[ogmkndnV q[0ncojnjon «njkg JqXdmio]», e\ik_bmLFnn e ieqnV bgqXgmaan Zm gnmdWjqn iqXdmion o ncojikeq e q[Fniken, [\dq qk- ikgmjnjq qk _Smiko] e bgmeokndWiken. mkq e jqeq-ikmgqa (m[ojnkn aojoikgqe @.1qa[gqeìqXq jmKdqiW anikq cd] jmMoqjmd-gmcòmdW- jqV bmgkoo «@in cd] Gmkeoo!-4/1==G», g_`qeqcikeq o cnb_kmk\ `q- kqgqV jn gmZ bgoedn`mdo ejoamjon q[Fnikenjjqiko ieqoaògmVjn 184 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. jmMoqjmdoikoSniòao e\ìmZ\emjo]ao. *mdq kqXq, iqbgncincmkndW EkqV bmgkoo eqZXdmeod bqc`qaoiioL JnVam G8 bq «bmkgoqkoSnìqa_ eqibokmjoL». JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo iSokmnk, Skq bqcq[j\n cnV- ikeo] jn kqdW`q jn cqb_ikoa\ e cnaq`gmkoSnìqa q[Fniken, jq o ibqiq[j\ e\ZemkW jqe\V eibdniànNjmMoqjmdWjqV gqZjo. JCG e\ik_bmnk Zm gmenjikeq o cg_N[_ jmgqcqe, qi_Ncm] jmMoq- jmdoZa e dL[qa nXq bgq]ednjoo! 1m Zcgmeike_nk ojkngjmMoqjmdoZa o ncojikeq kg_cqeqXq jmgqcm Gmkeoo! =n cqb_ikoa EìmdmMoo jmMoqjmdoZam e jmKnV ikgmjn! 12 jq][g] 2011 X. EN>PC8:S9 XIV i0nZcm JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo >R SIBN?GR:S8 ANIGS6 Jkmgnjon q[Fnikem – Ekm knjcnjMo], jm[dLcmLFm]i] eq einV 6egqbn. @ Gmkeoo iok_mMo] nFn [qdnn bnSmdWjm]: bgogqik jmindn- jo] – qkgoMmkndWj\V, cnaqXgmBoSniòn bq`mZmkndo ikgnaokndWjq oc_k ejoZ. `q[\ cd] kqXq, Skq[\ q[nibnSokW [mdmji cqRqcqe o gmiRqcqe iqMomdWjqXq [LcNnkm, jm bngoqc i 2011 bq 2013 Xqc [\dm Zmaqgq- Nnjm ojcnìmMo] bnjioV. 2 Ekq e Gmkeoo, Xcn Zm SngkqV [ncjqiko jmRqc]ki] bqSko 80% bq- Nod\R dLcnV. @dmiko q[]Zmj\ `qabnjiogqemkW bqkngL bq`_bmkndW- jqV ibqiq[jqiko bnjioqjngqe. JnXqcj] 40 % dmkeoVìqV Èqjqaoò _Kdq e knjW, niknikenjjq bgo km`qa bqdqNnjoo cnjnX e Xqi[LcNnkn jn [_cnk. CqEkqa_ ojcnìmMo] bnjioV – Ekq ibgmencdoeqn kgn[qem- jon ` JnVa_. (m`qV [\ idqNjqV jo [\dm `qjiqdocmMo] [LcNnkm, nikW ikmkWo, `qkqg\n kgqXmkW jndWZ]: Ekq – bnjioo. m iSnk bnjioqjngqe jndWZ] e\ikgmoemkW i[mdmjiogqemjj\V Xqi- [LcNnk. CqEkqa_, nido bq`_bmkndWjm] ibqiq[jqikW bmcmnk oZ-Zm oj- Bd]Moo, Xqi_cmgike_ jnq[Rqcoaq Ekq `qabnjiogqemkW. 6ido inXqcj] ojBd]Mo] 4,2 %, ZjmSok jm 4,2% j_Njq bqcj]kW bnjioo. (ikmko, @inaogj\V [mj` jn eqZgmNmnk bgqkoe ojcnìmMoo bnjioV e Gmkeoo. ;[ Ekqa Xqeqgok cogn`kqg bq ikgmjma njkgmdWjqV 6egqb\ o mdkoo @inaogjqXq [mj`m Cokng Egqdc:«*\ e bgojMobn jn eqZgm- Nmna bgqkoe ojcnìmMoo bnjioV. qdWKojikeq ikgmj bgo ojcnìmMoo bnjioV iSokmnk emNjnVKoàgokngona oZanjnjon bqkgn[okndWiòR XIV J61 JCG 185 Mnj. 2jcnìmMo] bnjioV `m` km`qem] cqdNjm i_FnikeqemkW, Ekq ncoj- ikenjjqV ibqiq[ cq[okWi] iqRgmjnjo] bq`_bmkndWjqV ibqiq[jqiko bnjioqjngqe». JCG _[nNcnjm, Skq ojcnìmMo] bnjioV – Ekq jn bgqikq oR anRm- joSnìqn _endoSnjon, m cnjnNjm] `qabnjimMo] Zm jnXgmaqkj_L Bo- jmjiqe_L bqdokò_ Xqi_cmgikem. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo iSokmnk, Skq km`qn jn_emNnjon ìkmgKna_ bq`qdnjoL ]ed]nki] ieocnkndWikeqa cnXgmcmMoo q[Fn- ikem, jn_anjo] o jnibqiq[jqiko bgme]FnV bqdokoSnìqV Edok\ gn- KmkW jmi_Fj\n cd] q[Fnikem o Xqi_cmgikem bgq[dna\. *\ e\ik_bmna Zm ejninjon oZanjnjoV e Zm`qj q bnjio]R, Zm _Nn- ikqSnjon e Xqi_cmgikenjjqa bqg]c`n qkenkikenjjqiko gm[qkqcmkn- dnV Zm jn_bdmk_ iqMomdWjqXq jmdqXm, Zm bqoiòikqSjòqe _endoSnjo] gmZangqe bnjioV eina bnjioqjngma, SWo bnjioo joNn bgqNokqSjqXq aojoa_aa 12 jq][g] 2011 Xqcm 186 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. S> BP?= AESI9M., XIV S XV GN>BR IPKP/PBINN AP>BERKCNISN IREPB= CRMKSS CqcRqcok ` `qjM_ 2011-V Xqc. ;j qZjmanjqemdi] g]cqa bqdoko- SniòR bqkg]injoV, bgqkn`meKoR jm Bqjn Xd_[q`qXq ÈqjqaoSnìqXq o iqMomdWjqXq `goZoim jmKnV ikgmj\. ;cjoa oZ emNjnVKoR iq[\koV e bqdokoSnìqV NoZjo gnib_[- doò ikmdo gqib_ì 10-Xq o ejnqSngncj\n e\[qg\ e 11-V JnVa G8. =niaqkg] jm kq, Skq 94% XgmNcmj, _SmikeqemeKoR e gnBngnjc_an, e\ìmZmdoiW Zm gqib_ì bmgdmanjkm, ejnqSngncj\n e\[qg\ jn kqdW`q jn e\endo ikgmj_ oZ k]NndqXq bqdokoSnìqXq `goZoim, m jm- q[qgqk, _i_X_[odo nXq. ;[0ncojnjon «njkg JqXdmio]», èqkqgqn eRqcok JqMomdo- ikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo, bq[ncodq jm e\[qgmR. m Ek_ bqdokoSn- ì_L iod_, `qkqgm] e ieqnV bgnce\[qgjqV bgqXgmaan e\ik_bmdm Zm gnmdWjqn iqXdmion e q[Fniken, qkcmdo ieqo Xqdqim bqSko 260 k\i. Sndqen`! ;cjm`q eq ejqeW Bqgaog_naqa bgmeokndWiken @. 1qa[gqe- iòim jmKdqiW anikq doKW cd] qk`gqenjj\R jmMoqjmdoikqe, Skq jn aqXdq jn e\ZemkW jqeqXq eok`m anNjmMoqjmdWjqXq jmbg]Nnjo] òqjBgqjkmMoo e q[Fniken. ;ikmed]dm NndmkW d_SKnXq o iqMomdWjq-ÈqjqaoSnìm] iok_m- Mo]. =niaqkg] jm Zm]ednjo] Xdme\ bgmeokndWikem q kqa, Skq `goZoi bgnqcqdnj, [nZgm[qkoMm ikm[odWjq bgne\Kmdm qkank`_ e 11% o k\- i]So dLcnV _nZNmdo Zm g_[nN e bqoìmR d_SKnV NoZjo. Cq-bgnNjna_ iangkjqikW [\dm e\Kn gqNcmnaqiko, m iqkjo k\i]S bnjioqjngqe o ojemdocqe Nodo Zm SngkqV [ncjqiko. @ _idqeo]R, `qXcm Gmkeo] jmRqcoki] e bqdjqV Zmeoioaqiko qk anNc_jmgqcj\R `gncokqgqe o ojenikqgqe, m [nZXgmaqkjqn _bgmednjon ;4 J61. 1; J61. 187 jmgqcj\a RqZ]Vikeqa bgoendq Èqjqaò_ ikgmj\ ` `gmR_, jn bgoRq- coki] qNocmkW `mgcojmdWjqXq _d_SKnjo] NoZjo o e idnc_LFna Xqc_. JqMomdoikoSnìm] bmgko] Gmkeoo, ikmeKm] bqidn e\[qgqe 11-Xq JnVam G8 ikmgnVKnV dneqV bmgdmanjkìqV bmgkonV e ikgmjn, [_cnk bgqcqdNmkW [qgW[_ Zm d_SK_L NoZjW cd] einXq jmgqcm, ZmFoFmkW `qgnjj\n ojkngni\ Sndqen`m jmnajqXq kg_cm. *\ bgoZ\emna – jn [_cWkn bmiioej\ao jm[dLcmknd]ao bgq- oiRqc]FnXq! @ikmemVkn e jmKo g]c\! 4qdW`q eanikn, q[Foao _io- do]ao aqNjq bqikgqokW d_SK_L NoZjW e jmKnV ikgmjn – Gmkeoo! CqZcgmed]na einR NokndnV Gmkeoo i 2012-a Xqcqa! C_ikW jm- ik_bmLFoV Xqc bgojnink `gnb`qn ZcqgqeWn, inanVjqn iSmikWn o Nn- dmjon [qgqkWi] Zm cqikqVj_L NoZjW! Cgmednjon JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo AESKNMGMKSN =7RGMIS?R< KGMEN7S KNMNERIPK KNCS?P6 PMN7NGMKNIIP6 KP6I. GPKNMG?P/P IREPBR AEPMSK IN IR ?=E/RIN BE=!-. 30 S8I9 – 1 S8C9 2012 /PBR 1qgqXon enkngmj\! emNmna\n Xqiko! CgqKdq 67 dnk bqidn q`qjSmjo] e 6egqbn imaqV Nnikq`qV o imaqV `gqeqbgqdokjqV [oke\ jmgqcqe Xqi_cmgike mjkoXokdngqe- ìqV `qmdoMoo i jnanM`q-BmKoikiòao bqdSoFmao. m Eko Xqc\ e\gqido _Nn cem jqe\R bq`qdnjo] dLcnV. @qiikmjqednj\ oZ g_oj Xqgqcm o indm.mdnSodm o Znad], qikmednjj\n jm jnV g_[M\ o Kgma\ kgmjKnV o [dojcmNnV. oZjW, Zm `qkqg_L e\, cqgqXon en- kngmj\, igmNmdoiW i jnjmeoikj\a egmXqa, [dmXqcmg] ema, bgqcqd- Nmnki]! Cgoaokn qk einR jmi ima_L Xd_[q`_L o ingcnSj_L [dmXqcmgjqikW Zm iengKnjj\V emao bqceoX! @ oikqgoL _Rqc]k jn kqdW`q Xqc\, jq o Xngqo knR igmNnjoV – Bgqjkqeoò, iqenkiòn bmgkoZmj\, kg_Nnjoò k\dm – oikojj\n bmk- goqk\ ieqnV 8qcoj\. JnXqcj] [qdWKojikeq _Smikjòqe jm (_gXmjn 1g_N[\ iqikmed]Lk oR bqkqaò. 2ìgnjjnn ibmio[q eina ema, bgoj]eKoa EikmBnk_ bma]ko Xn- gqne, `qkqg\n ZmFokodo jnZmeoioaqikW jmKnV q[FnV 8qcoj\ o ibmido 6egqb_ qk jmMoikìqXq gm[ikem! 188 JCG: 2J4;82 @ 1;( *6=4. @ jmKo cjo [\kW jmidncjòmao Xngqne @ndòqV ;knSnikenjjqV jn kqdW`q bqSnkjq, jq o e e\iKnV iknbnjo – qkenkikenjjq. "kq Zjm- Sok: icndmkW jni[\kqSj\ao anSkmjo] jnqBmKoikqe o gnemjKoikqe q ijqin e 8oXn bma]kjòm qieq[qcoknd]a Gmkeoo qk jnanM`q-Bm- KoikiòR ZmRemkSòqe. "kq ZjmSok km`Nn: jn bqZeqdokW oa _gmej]kW jmMoikiòV o iqMomdoikoSniòV ikgqV, q[0]eoe oR gmejq bgnik_b- j\ao. "kq ZjmSok km`Nn: jn bqZeqdokW bgnegmkokW dnXoqjngqe dm- k\KìqXq dnXoqjm «@mBBnj JJ», `d]eKoRi] okdng_ e engjqiko, e [qgMqe Zm jnZmeoioa_L, cnaq`gmkoSnì_L GmkeoL. @in a\, Snikj\n dLco, q[]Zmj\ q[ Ekqa Xgqàq XqeqgokW, q[]- Zmj\ jmikqVSoeq e\ik_bmkW bgqkoe oìmNnjo] oikqgoo, bgqkoe bq- b\kq` q[ndokW bmdmSnV o bgogmej]kW oR ` Xngq]a. =n bqZeqdoa bmS`mkW Xg]ZWL endoòV bqceoX jmKoR cncqe, qkMqe, amkngnV, idqameKoR Rgn[nk BmKoikìqa_ ZengL! (d]jnai] [\kW engj\ao oR bqceoXma o RgmjokW q joR ienkd_L bma]kW! @nSjm] idmem Xngq]a, bq[ncoeKoa BmKoZa eq @kqgqV *ogqeqV eqVjn! .dWBgnc 8_[oì CgncincmkndW JqMomdoikoSnìqV bmgkoo Gmkeoo, cnb_kmk 6egqbnVìqXq bmgdmanjkm 30 oLj] 2012 Xqcm XV J3!4 JFG 189 XV QXCF QU:YWKYQSY;XQGU? HWOSYY KWSMYY /2012/ US;SJ2? FUGKWF H*=6(8 D D H5(D3D8/55 /5683= Q5D=(D/3D8/5 =*3DD K=36DD ,V /8 =*3DD 4q`dncVò – aglcilcnkldX JFG /.6_Yoì 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn +qengoHo cldlZnk\! JlZqcj] JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo agqeqcok ieqU XV i1l[c. Jq cj] iq[cnjo] angkoo – 15 ]jeng] 1994 Zqcn – agqKdq 18 dlk. %gqbl 15 i1l[cqe, [n Zqc\ iknjqedljo] o _`gladljo] angkoo Y\do agqelclj\ kgo qYHlangkoUj\l `qj;lgljLoo. : agqcldnjjqU [n Eko Zqc\ gnYqkl, c_bnM, `gnijqglVoeq Zqeq- gok qgZnjo[qenjjn] ilZqcj] e\iknèn eilR o[cnjj\R e Ekq eglb] nZoknLoqjj\R bnklgondqe, `joZ, YgqKMg, eoclq;odXbqe o bjqZqZq cg_ZqZq. 4_bnM, cldlZnknb i1l[cn Y_clk ojklglijq q[jn`qbokXi] i e\iknedljj\bo Eìaqjnknbo. : eglbljo, èqkqgqb Noe@b kq bqNjq ìn[nkX q agqKlcKoR 18 ZqcnR? !n Ekq eglb] angko] q`gladn, jn`qaodn qa\k gnYqk\ e _idqeo]R `naokndo[bn o Y_gN_n[- jqZq Zqi_cngiken. !n Ekq eglb] e\gqidq jqeql aq`qdljol dMclU, jl NoeKll e JJJ6. 4n, eil Eko Zqc\ ednikX e Gnkeoo agojncdlNndn o aq-aglNjlb_ agojncdlNok Y_gN_n[j\b angko]b i ]ejq jnLoqjndo- ikoVliòb e[Zd]cqb jn gn[eokol bogn, i qZgqbj\b Nldnjolb elgqU o agnecqU id_NokX ojklglinb `g_ajqZq `naokndn o ncbojoikgnLoo J
/ o !nancjqU 3egqa\, jnVoikq [nY\e qY ojklglinR iqYikeljjqZq 190 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ jngqcn o Zqi_cngiken, qkgoLn] RqkX `n`_M-kq agllbikeljjqikX qa\kn aqd_el`qeqZq aglY\enjo] e iqiknel JJJ6. Fq jnKlb_ bjljoM, Ekq YqdXKn] aqdokoVlìn] qKoY`n, `qkqgn] agoeldn ìlgX@[jqb_ ijo- NljoM No[jljjqZq _gqej] jngqcn Gnkeoo, jloiaqdX[qenjoM Èqjq- boVlìqZq, i\gXleqZq o ;ojnjiqeqZq aqkljLondn, jngnYqknjj\R kqgZqe\R qkjqKljoU i Y\eKobo glia_Ydònbo JJJ6, qiqYljjq i 6qiiolU. / agoblgqb kqZq, Vkq bqZdo Y\ cnkX aqdjq`gqej\l ie][o iq ikgnjnbo J8, bqNlk id_NokX iqkg_cjoVlikeq Gnkeoo i ldqg_i- iolU o 6qiiolU. +qengqqYqgqk blNc_ GnkeolU o ldqg_iiolU e 2011 Zqc_ iqikneod Yqdll 3 bdgc.cqddngqe J
/, n i 6qiiolU bljXKl – 2,56 boddongcqe. kq bndq. FqkljLond 6qiioo Zqgn[cq YqdXKl, jq Gnkeo] lZq jl oiaqdX[_lk e aqdjqU blgl, e alge_M qVlglcX aq aqdo- koVliòb bqkoenb. 'qNjq ei@ iaoi\enkX jn ZdqYndXj\U bogqeqU ioiklbj\Ùgo[oìnaokndo[bn ikncoo obalgondo[bn, jq cd] Gnkeoo, `gqbl eilZq, Ekq lH@ o jlagq;liioqjndXjql g_`qeqcikeq Zqi_cngikeqb, `qgg_aLo], kljlen] Èqjqbòn, jnLoqjndo[b o agqjo[njj\U ocl]bo glenj- Ko[bn aqcRqc òikqgoo o blNc_jngqcjqU aqdokòl. 8nKn angko] jl bqNlk ojnVl qLljoenkX aqikq]jjq gn[cnMHoli] ago[\e\ jnRq- c]HoRi] _ edniko aqdokoVliòR iod o oR doclgqe alglibqkglkX oi- kqgoVlì_M qLlj`_ okqZqe BkqgqU bogqeqU eqUj\, `dnj]kXi] dlZoqjlgnb Bn;;lj JJ, jl iVoknkX aqYlcokldlb JJJ6 o eiM nj- koZokdlgqeì_M `qndoLoM Zqi_cngike, aqYlcoeK_M eq BkqgqU bogq- eqU eqUjl ;nKoikì_M lgbnjoM o l@ inklddokqe, o bjqZql cg_Zql. +n`n] aqdokòn jnRqc]HoRi] _ edniko e Gnkeoo aqdokoVliòR iod iq[cn@k o aqcclgNoenlk jnag]N@jjqikX e qYHlikel, aqgqNcnlk V_e- ikeq jl_elgljjqiko o, `n` gl[_dXknk, [nikned]lk dMclU oìnkX ian- iljo] qk eilZq EkqZq [n aglcldnbo Gnkeoo. FqckelgNcljolb ìn[njjqb_ id_Nnk ;n`k\ inbqU jo[`qU e 3e- gqiqM[l gqNcnlbqiko (qjn inbn] jo[`n] [n eil Zqc\ i_Hlikeqenjo] Gnkeoo) o bniiqe\U e\l[c dMclU jn gnYqk_ o No[jX e cg_Zol Zqi_- cngiken. Fq q;oLondXj\b cnjj\b o[ Gnkeoo e\lRndq Yqdll 400 k\i]V Vldqel`. B Gnkeoo _Nl aq]eodoiX jlqYNok\l klggokqgoo – Yqdll 20 jnild@jj\R a_j`kqe _kgnkodo ieqU iknk_i aqi@d`n o[-[n qki_kikeo] NokldlU. Fq [n`dMVljoM qi_cngikeljjqU [lbldXjqU id_NY\ Gnkeoo e\bognMHobo bqNjq iVoknkX q`qdq 500 i@d (NRA.6.08.12). B kqNl eglb] jnRqc]Holi] _ edniko e ikgnjl aqdo- koVliòl iod\ jl iaqiqYj\ aglcagoj]kX glndXj\l blg\ aq oiagne- dljoM iok_nLoo. BlcX cd] EkqZq agoKdqiX Y\ o[bljokX g_`qeqcikeq ÈqjqbòqU o iqLondXj\b qYlialVljolb jnildljo], qk`n[nkXi] qk XV J3!4 JFG 191 jlqdoYlgndXj\R blkqcqe elcljo] jngqcjqZq Rq[]Uiken, _iodokX gqdX o iod_ [n`qjn o Zqi_cngiken e No[jo ikgnj\. 8o jnaoinjol ei@ jqe\R o jqe\R kn` jn[\enlb\R adnjqe jnLoqjndXjqZq gn[eoko], jo agqeq[ZdnKljol dq[_jZqe koan: «4n@KX ÈqjqboVliòU agqg\e!», jo ikglbdljol dMYqU LljqU aqanikX e Edokj_M Zg_aa_ Zqi_cngike 3egqalUìqZq JqM[n kqdX`q [n iV@k Yliagl`qidqejqZq e\aqdjljo] kglYqenjoU 'B o legqalUiòR YMgq`gnkoVliòR ikg_`k_g, Gnkeoo agqLelknjo] jl agojli_k. 8_Nj\ ojn] aqdokoVlìn] eqd] o cg_ZqU aqcRqc ` g_`qeqcike_ Zqi_cngikeqb, Vlb _ agne]HlU e ikgnjl Edok\. JFG cqdNjn YqgqkXi] i dMY\bo oddM[o]bo q «a_k]R e\Rqcn» o[ `go[oin, jl [nkgnZoenMHoR inbqÙnaokndoikoVlìqU ioiklb\. 'lg\, `qkqg\l ilZqcj] aglcagojobnMki] iq ikqgqj\ Y_gN_n[oo, jnagnedlj\ jn eqiiknjqedljol e\iq`qÙnaokndoikoVlìqU jqgb\ agoY\do [n iV@k `qj`_gljkqe o kg_cqeqZq jngqcn. +n`qU aqdokoVl- iòÙ_gi elc@k àq]edljoM o _iodljoM e jngqcj\R bniinR jnLoq- jndoikoVliòR, ìljq;qYiòR o jlq;nKoikiòR e[Zd]cqe. B okqZq- eqb cq`_bljkl iqikq]eKlZqi] e bnl i.Z. e gMiildl 21-Zq 'lNc_jn- gqcjqZq `qbb_joikoVlìqZq ilbojngn ìn[njq, Vkq «`qjkggleqdM- Lo], `qkqgn] ielgZdn iqLondo[b e Jqelkìqb JqM[l o ikgnjnR BqikqVjqU 3egqa\, e\[endn qaglcld@jjql [nblKnkldXikeq e bni- inR o Y\dn oiaqdX[qenjn bogqeqU Y_gN_n[olU cd] qVlgjljo] iq- LondoikoVlìqZq a_ko gn[eoko]. :YHoÙgo[oìnaokndo[bn bqNlk gn[el]kX Ek_ njkòqbb_joikoVlì_M agqanZnjc_». 8n jnKoR Zdn[nR agqoiRqcok bodokngo[nLo] Èqjqboò, e kqb Voidl o Gnkeoo. 8ngniknlk iqalgjoVlikeq blNc_ obalgondoikoVl- iòbo clgNnenbo [n jnoYqdXKll edo]jol o còknk e bogl. J
/, 3e- gqalUiòU JqM[, aqjo] ikglb]ki] iqRgnjokX `qjkgqdX jnc bogq- eqU ÈqjqbòqU, agogqcj\bo gli_ginbo, oikqVjònbo EjlgZoo, bo- gqeqU kqgZqedlU o blNc_jngqcjqU endMkjqU ioiklbqU jl kqdX`q e qkcldXj\R glZoqjnR, jq o eq ei@ bogl. qV_ [nblkokX, Vkq aqdokòn, aqikgqljjn] kqdX`q jn kqb, VkqY\ aqYqdXKl eilZq agqo[eqcokX, jl bqNlk agoelikò _ialR_ e ZdqYndX- jqb bniKknYl. J gqikqb qY1@bqe eilZq agqo[eqcobqZq cqdNjn eq[- gniknkX [nYqkn q gn[_bjqU cqiknkqVjqiko. J_cokl inbo: jnildljol J
/ iqikned]lk 6 agqLljkqe qk bogqeqU Voidljjqiko dMclU. 8q Eko 6 agqLljkqe aqkglYd]Mk 20 agqLljkqe bogqe\R gli_giqe! 3ido ikglbokXi] ` kqb_, VkqY\ ei@ jnildljol [lbjqZq Kngn Nodq `nè J
/, kq qYHoU bogqeqU endqeqU agqc_`k jlqYRqcobq _eldoVokX e kgo gn[n, Vkq jlglndXjq. +nòl aqciV@k\ cldnMk _V@j\l o Eìalgk\ e jnKo cjo, `qZcn bjqZol agqc_`k\, agqo[eqcob\l cd] agqcqeqdX- 192 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ ikeo], _Nl jnVojnMk bniiqeq oiaqdX[qenkXi] cd] klRjoVliòR j_Nc. kq e alge_M qVlglcX aoHle\l eoc\ gnikokldXj\R bnild, `_`_g_[n, [lgjq, Kogq`q ilZqcj] oiaqdX[_lb\l cd] agqo[eqciken Yoqkqadoen, e kqb Voidl o e 3egqiqM[l. qk] aq q;oLondXj\b cnjj\b e kqb Nl 3egqiqM[l o[ 500 bdj. Vldqel` jnildljo] q`qdq 80 bdj. Noe_k e jo- Hlkl o e Zqdqcl. Jdlc_lk oblkX e eoc_ o kq, Vkq iq`gnHljol aqkglY- dljo] _iodoenlk `go[oi – _ jnildljo] ijoNnlki] aq`_ankldXjn] iaqiqYjqikX. Bqk aqVlb_ JFG iVoknlk, Vkq e qijqel eilR adnjqe gqikn o gn[- eoko] cqdNlj Y\kX Vldqelì lZq gn[_bj\bo aqkglYjqik]bo, n jl agqikq Zqj`n aqkglYokldXiken, gqik eilZq agqo[eqciken, egqcl nY- ikgn`kjqZq «ÈqjqboVlìqZq agqg\en», cl`dngog_lbqZq agne]HlU aqdokoVlìqU EdokqU Gnkeoo e jqeqb Fdnjl jnLoqjndXjqZq gn[eo- ko] ikgnj\ jn 2014-2020 Zqc\, `qkqg\U ìqgll eilZq bqNjq iVoknkX jnYqgqb Loknk aqEkn 6nUjoin o YdnZoR aqNldnjoU, jq jòn` jl Èq- jqboVliò qYqijqenjj\b o ;ojnjiqeq aqc`glad@jj\b adnjqb gn[- eoko] ikgnj\. +n`qU adnj jl qYlialVok jo cl`dngogqenjjqZq agneokldXikeqb ÈqjqboVlìqZq agqg\en, jo ojc_ikgondo[nLoo. : jnKoR ej_kgoangkoUj\R cldnR JFG e ieqU n`koe bqNlk [naoinkX kqk ;n`k, Vkq eil Eko Zqc\ aqidl e\Rqcn Gnkeoo o[ iqiknen JJJ6, qjn Y\dn aglciknedljn eq eilR JlUbnR Gnkeoo, jnVojn] qk a]kqZq òqjVn] qcojjncLnk\b. Fq- cqYjql lH@ ibqZdo cqikoVX kqdX`q angkoògnUjl agneqZq `g\dn: 4eoNljol [n jnLoqjndXj_M jl[neoiobqikX o «+le[lblU _j goeo- YnU». Bil qikndXj\l angkoo iqKdo i aqdokoVlìqU iLlj\. 0R [nbl- jodo aqdokoVliòl angkoo i jqe\bo jn[enjo]bo, jq jlglc`q i klbo Nl doclgnbo o Vdljnbo angkoo. kq kqNl oikqgoVliòU ;n`k. JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo e\clgNndn oia\knjol eglbl- jlb o aq-aglNjlb_ jnRqcoki] e Voidl n`koejq clUike_MHoR, Rqk] o [njobnlk jlYqdXK_M joK_ jn aqdokoVlìqU ngljl. :Lljoen] agqUcljj\U a_kX, idlc_lk ago[jnkX, Vkq jnb jl _cn- dqiX aqcZqkqeokX cqiknkqVjql `qdoVlikeq RqgqKq _[jnenlb\R e jn- gqcl aqdokoVliòR ;oZ_g, [n `qkqg\R jn e\YqgnR dMco Zqdqiqendo Y\ Yqdll n`koejq, Vlb ilUVni. FqckelgNcljol kqb_ ;n`k, Vkq jn e\- YqgnR 11-Zq JlUbn e 2011 Zqc_ Y\do o[Ygnj\ kqdX`q 3 jnKoR kqen- goHn. dnejqU agoVojqU EkqZq, `nÈkq _`n[\endqiX jlqcjq`gnkjq jn i1l[cnR angkoo – jlcqiknkqVjn] gnYqkn algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU o angkoo e Lldqb e bniinR o qki_kikeol jqe\R ]gòR `njcocnkqe jn gqdX cla_knkqe. kn [ncnVn qikn@ki] qcjqU o[ `dMVle\R o jn Y_c_- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ПОДПИСИ К ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫМ В ФОТОБЛОКЕ СНИМКАМ: 1. По пути на Курган Дружбы. Митинг на станции Зилупе. 2008 г. 2. На ежегодном митинге на станции Зилупе. 2008 г. 3. После митинга у памятника партизанам в г. Лудза. В центре – ветеран Великой Отечественной войны, секретарь первичной орга- низации СПЛ в г. Екабпилсе Василиса Распопова и Герой Советского Союза, академик, партизан Вилис Самсон. 31.06.2001. 4. На Кургане Дружбы. Перед обменом цветами с российской и бе- лорусской сторонами. 5. По пути на Курган Дружбы. Партизанский костер в Зилупе. 30.06.2007. 6. По пути на Курган Дружбы. Встреча с ветеранами Великой Отечественной войны в Зилупе. 7. На Кургане Дружбы. Митинг на российской стороне. 03.07.2005. 8. На Кургане Дружбы. Передача цветов российско-белорусской стороне. 02.07.2006. 9. Делегация СПЛ на Кургане Дружбы на белорусской стороне. 01.07.2012. 10. Делегация СПЛ на Кургане Дружбы на белорусской стороне. 01.07.2012. 11. Делегация СПЛ на Кургане Дружбы на российской стороне. 05.07.2009. 12. На Кургане Дружбы. Цветы россиянам и белорусам. 13. На Кургане Дружбы. Цветы латвийской стороне. 14. На Кургане Дружбы. Выступают дети. 15. На Кургане Дружбы у памятника Герою Советского Союза, со- ветскому партизану Иманту Судмалису. 07.07.2003. 16. На Кургане Дружбы. 07.07.2003. 17. На Кургане Дружбы. 06.07.2008. 18. Ветераны – советские партизаны на Кургане Дружбы. 19. Памятные плиты на Кургане Дружбы, установленные при соз- дании Кургана. 20. Памятный знак в ознаменование 70-летия Победы Советского Союза в Великой Отечественной войне с фашистской Германией, установленный СПЛ на Кургане Дружбы. 05.07.2015. 21. На открытии памятного знака на Кургане Дружбы. 05.07.2015. 22. На открытии памятного знака на Кургане Дружбы. 05.07.2015. 23. Делегация СПЛ во главе с членом СПЛ Артуром Рубиксом на российской стороне Кургана Дружбы. 03.07.2011. 24. На Кургане Дружбы. Члены СПЛ – Николай Рыжников и Артурс Боранцис 25. На митинге в честь Дня Победы в г. Рига. 09.05.2015. 26. На митинге в честь Дня Победы в г. Рига выступает Председа- тель СПЛ Альфред Рубикс.09.05.2015. 27. На пути к могилам в Анчупанском лесу. 04.01.2015. 28. Памятник в Анчупане, посвященный мирным жителям, рас- стрелянным немецко-фашистскими захватчиками. С деятельностью Социалистической партии Латвии сегодня вы можете знакомиться на нашей странице в интернете www.latsocpartija.lv и в нашем профиле на Фейсбуке www.facebook.com/latsocpartija XV J3!4 JFG 193 HoU algoqc, lido _VlikX, Vkq [ncnVn dMYqU aqdokoVlìqU angkoo likX YqgXYn [n ednikX. Fgo Ekqb jncq aqdqNokldXjq qLljoenkX jn- RqNcljol JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo e iqiknel :Y1lcojljo] aqdokoVliòR angkoU «!n agnen Vldqel`n e lcojqU Gnkeoo» o klalgX e iqiknel :Y1lcojljo] aqdokoVliòR angkoU «ljkg iqZdnio]». :Y1lcojljol dle\R aqdokoVliòR iod qk iqLond-clbq`gnkoVliòR cq iqLondoikoVliòR Y\dq o likX agneodXjn] kn`kòn e _idqeo]R Y_gN_n[jqZq jnLoqjndo[bn, `nàgne]HlU aqdokoVlìqU oclqdqZoo e iqeglbljjqU Gnkeoo. $d_VKljol `nVlikeljjqZq iqiknen angkoo, iqelgKljikeqenjol ;qgb gnYqk\ e bniinR, aqe\Kljol aqdokoVlìqU n`koejqikònN- cqZq Vdljn angkoo qiknMki] aqikq]jj\bo Zdnej\bo [ncnVnbo ang- koo o jn Y_c_Hll. FqdqNokldXjq qLljoen] agqUcljj\U a_kX e iqiknel :Y1lcojl- jo] «ljkg iqZdnio]», Fgnedljol JFG iVoknlk, Vkq Ekq iqkg_cjoVl- ikeq cqdNjq agqcqdNnkXi] o eaglcX, oc] jneikglV_ e\Yqgnb inbq_agnedljoU o JlUbn Gnkeoo e 2013 o 2014 ZqcnR. 8nb jlqYRq- cobn eilblgjn] `qjLljkgnLo], n jl gnia\dljol aqdokoVliòR iod, YqgMHoRi] i jnLoqjndXjqU o blNc_jngqcjqU Y_gN_n[olU. '\, `nàqdokoVlìn] iodn, cqdNj\ _YlNcnkX jngqc, Vkq `naokndo[b e ikncoo obalgondoikoVlìqU ZdqYndo[nLoo jn _idqeo]R jlqdoYlgn- do[bn o jnLoqjndo[bn jl e iqikq]joo gn[glKokX jo qcjqU o[ jni_Hj\R cd] VldqelVliken agqYdlb: jo ÈqjqboVlìqU, jo iqLo- ndXjqU, jo blNEkjoVlìqU, jo qRgnj\ q`g_NnMHlU iglc\. 8l bqNlk qj qYlialVokX bog, kn` `nÈkqb_ agla]kike_lk YqgXYn [n jqe\l g\jò o i\gXle\l, qiqYljjq EjlgZlkoVliòl, gli_gi\. 'qNlb _kelgNcnkX, Vkq [n Zqc\ ieqlZq i_Hlikeqenjo] JFG aq- ikq]jjq iqelgKljikeqendniX, iknjqeodniX iodXjll o Yqdll _[jn- enlbqU, q V@b ieoclkldXike_Mk qYHol gl[_dXknk\ e\Yqgqe e JlUb Gnkeoo, 3egqangdnbljk o inbq_agnedljo] Gnkeoo. 3ido e 1995 Zqc_ b\ obldo kqdX`q 7 cla_knkqe eilR _gqejlU, kq ilZqcj] _ jni 18 cl- a_knkqe; qcoj oiaqdjokldXj\U cogl`kqg e 6oZl o qcoj [nblikokldX oiaqdjokldXjqZq cogl`kqgn inbq_agnedljo] e Z. G_c[n. ej\U agq- Zglii. '\ oc@b e oiaqdjokldXj_M ednikX qiq[jnjjq, VkqY\ ZqkqeokX `ncg\, Ekq eq-alge\R, o eq-ekqg\R, VkqY\ oblkX eq[bqNjqikX edo]kX jn glKljol gn[doVj\R iqLondXjq-Y\kqe\R, Rq[]Uikeljj\R o Èq- jqboVliòR [ncnV e aqdX[_ jnildljo] iqqkelkike_MHlZq ncbojo- ikgnkoejqZq glZoqjn. Fgoblgqb glndXjqiko o agneodXjqiko kn`qU aqdokoò bqNlk id_NokX Z.6oZn. %nènb o[elikjq, bEgqb 6oZo o[- Ygnj 8od $Kn`qe – doclg :Y1lcojljo] «ljkg iqZdnio]», e iqikne 194 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ `qkqgqZq eRqcok JFG. B 6oNìqU ZqgqcìqU c_bl JFG obllk KlikX cla_knkqe. Bil qjo n`koejq o Zgnbqkjq gnYqknMk, jnRqc]iX e iqiknel agne]HlZq YqdXKojiken c_b\. kq – JlgZlU goikqdMYqe, Bdnco- bog gqdqe, 0enj 0enjqe, Bòkqg lcqkqe, :dXZn BlUcoj] o Bndl- goU Flkgqe. 8nRqc]iX e aqdqNljoo agne]HlU iod\, «ljkg iqZdnio]» qi_Hlikeod o agqcqdNnlk qi_Hliked]kX bjqNlikeq agq- l`kqe jn aqdX[_ goNnjnb o Zqik]b ikqdoL\.
lZq ikqok, jnagoblg, Yliadnkj\U agql[c e qYHlikeljjqb kgnjiaqgkl Zqgqcn cd] jlgn- YqknMHoR aljioqjlgqe o K`qdXjòqe? qeqg] idqenbo 8odn $Kn- `qen: «i_kX oiaqdjokldXjqU edniko [n`dMVnlki] e kqb, Vkq qjn kgnkok cljXZo jndqZqadnkldXHòn. Bqagqi kqdX`q e kqb, `nòbljjq Eko iglciken kgnkokX.» '\ eagnel ZqeqgokX, Vkq j\jlKj]] c_bn Z. 6oZo, èqkqgqU gnYqknMk o cla_knk\-iqLondoik\, cljXZo jndqZq- adnkldXHòqe kgnkok gn[_bjll o Lldljnagnedljjll, Vlb aglc\c_- Hol iq[\e\. kq – ikgqokldXikeq NodX], glbqjk\ K`qd o clkiòR incòqe, iqLondXjn] aqbqHX bndqob_Hob, glbqjk _VglNcljoÙ_dXk_g\, agoelcljol e aqg]cqèj_kgoèngkndXj\R klggokqgoU, èdMVn] glbqjk _doL o kgqk_ngqe, o bjqZql cg_Zql. '\ jl iqbjlen-lbi], Vkq ei@ Ekq aqdqNokldXjq qLlj]k goNnjl o Zqiko ikqdoL\. Bil jnKo cla_knk\ elc_k glZ_d]gj\U ago@b o[YognkldlU e ieqoR o[YognkldXj\R q`g_ZnR o agojobnMk aq oR agqiXYnb jlqYRq- cob\l blg\. 0[Yognkldo e ieqoR aoiXbnR e glcn`LoM Zn[lk\ «Jq- Londoik Gnkeoo /Latvijas Sociƒlists» aqdqNokldXjq qk[\enMki] q cl]kldXjqiko jnKoR cla_knkqe. 8n`qadljj\U qa\k gnYqk\ cqdNlj iknkX RqgqKob aqciaqgXlb e algoqc qVlglcjqU aglce\YqgjqÙnb- anjoo e 2013 Zqc_. /`koejq gnYqknMk o qikndXj\l jnKo cla_knk\ inbq_agnedljoU: 4nZbngn /Ygnbqen, gqidne 0enjqe, /jcglU 6l- Klkjòqe e Z.6l[l`jl; joi 8ògljLoi e Z./d_ìjl; JlgZlU qZcnjqe o BqdXclbng 4oYnjoj e G_c[l; /jcglU 0enjqe e %nginel; Bdncobog 8oòkoj e !od_al. 8lbndqenNjq o kq, Vkq cljlNj\l aqik_adljo] e eocl angkoUj\R e[jqiqe o aqNlgkeqenjoU cla_knkqe e jnKlb angkoUjqb YMcNlkl iqikned]Mk aqVko 80%. %nè\ [jnlkl, cla_knk\ dMYqZq _gqej] ang- koUj\l e[jqi\ adnk]k e gn[blgl 10 agqLljkqe qk jlkkq [ngadnk\. liangkoUj\l cla_knk\, o[Ygnjj\l aq iaoì_ JFG, kn`Nl adnk]k 10 % qk [ngadnk\ e ;qgbl aqNlgkeqenjo]. 8n aglc\c_Hlb XIV i1l[cl JFG Y\dq agoj]kq glKljol qgZn- jo[qenkX _V@Y_ `njcocnkqe e cla_knk\ alglc e\Yqgnbo inbq_agne- dljoU e 2013 Zqc_ o e\Yqgnbo JlUbn o 3egqangdnbljkn e 2014 Zqc_. J _cqedlkeqgljolb cq`dnc\enM, Vkq kn`n] _V@Yn _Nl jnVnkn. XV J3!4 JFG 195 B gl[_dXknkl _iodljo] gnYqk\ aq ago@b_ e angkoM jqe\R kqen- goHlU, VlZq kglYqendo XII, XIII o XIV i1l[c\ JFG, _d_VKodi] ago@b jqe\R kqengoHlU e angkoM. 8q aq-aglNjlb_ jl eil algeoVj\l qg- Znjo[nLoo Ekqb_ _cld]Mk cqdNjql ejobnjol. !n qkV@kj\U algoqc jl agoj]dn e ieqo g]c\ jqe\R Vdljqe angkoònNcn] ekqgn] alg- eoVjn] qgZnjo[nLo]. JlZqcj] jn i1l[cl agoRqcoki] ZqeqgokX, Vkq _ jni qYgn[qendniX Zg_aan algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU, èqkqg\R jlk gqikn angkoUj\R g]cqe jn agqk]Nljoo a]ko o Yqdll dlk. kq alg- eoVj\l qgZnjo[nLoo «ndeo», «lioi», «%nginen», «%_dcoZn», «!o- d_al», Zcl il`glkng]bo algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU gnYqknMk _Ni /jcglUi, Jkgn[c\jXK nkoi, 6\Yn`qe Bdncobog, J`_cl %niangi, 'nkMKljq` Bòkqg. Jl`glkng]b _aqb]j_k\R algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU jlqYRqcobq ilgX@[jq alglibqkglkX o _d_VKokX ieqM gnYqk_ aq Ekqb_ eqagqi_ jl[nblcdokldXjq. 8nb jlqYRqcob gqik angkoUj\R g]cqe o e alg- e_M qVlglcX [n iV@k bqdqc@No o gnYqVoR. 8ncq ago[jnkX, Vkq jnKn angko] aq`n lH@ jl ikndn cqiknkqVjq agoedl`nkldXjqU cd] klR, gncòqZq qjn i_Hlike_lk – cd] gnYqVoR o Yl[gnYqkj\R. 8nc Ekob idlc_lk ilgX@[jq [nc_bnkXi] Y_c_Hlb_ iqikne_ g_`qeqc]HoR qg- Znjqe angkoo o Yqdll jnikqUVoeq oìnkX jqe\l ;qgb\ gnYqk\ e bniinR. 8nclNcn jn jnK inUk e 0jklgjlkl o angkoUj_M Zn[lk_ e kqb ib\idl, Vkq qjo aqe\i]k ejobnjol àngkoo, agoedl`_k jqe\R angkoULle, jl qagnecndoiX. 6_`qeqcokld]b EkoR iglcike ie][o i bniinbo idlc_lk ilgX@[jq aqc_bnkX q kqb, `n` _d_VKokX gnYqk_. :cjq ]ijq _Nl ilUVni: Yl[ Kogq`qZq `g_Zn gnYqVoR òglikX]jiòR `qggliaqjcljkqe jn bliknR, gnYqknMHoR jn qYHlikeljj\R jnVn- dnR, jnb Ek_ [ncnV_ jl glKokX. +lb Yqdll, Vkq o Zn[lkn o angkoU- j\U inUk gnYqknMk Yl[ Kknkj\R gnYqkjòqe. Flge\b KnZqb ` glKljoM [ncnVo bqZdq Y\ iknkX jndoVol qcjqZq-ce_R gnY`qgqe ènNcqU algeoVjqU qgZnjo[nLoo. :jo bqZdo Y\ glZ_d]gjq o ioiklbnkoVliò iqqYHnkX q agqoiRqc]Hlb e kg_cqe\R `qddl`koenR, q agqYdlbnR o jnikgqljo]R dMclU o q kqb, Vkq dMco Rqk]k qk jni o angkoU eqqYHl. Bq[bqNjq, jncq iq[cnenkX `nòl-kq `d_Y\ aq ojklglinb ago alg- eoVj\R qgZnjo[nLo]R o knòb qYgn[qb agoedl`nkX dMclU. Jnbob ang- koULnb eik_ankX e i_Hlike_MHol qYHlikeljj\l qgZnjo[nLoo o knb oìnkX lcojqb\Kdljjòqe. kq jni qY][\enlk ik.15 $iknen angkoo. BlcX kg_cjq jnUko qY1]ijljol kqb_, Vkq e knòR YqdXKoR ZqgqcnR `n` Bndbolgn, 4qYldl o Lldqb g]cl cg_ZoR, jlk algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU jnKlU angkoo, n e knòR ZqgqcnR `n` 4n_Zneaodi o Golan] - qgZnjo[n- 196 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ Loo bndqVoidljj\ o jn iqY\ko] e Zqgqcl jl edo]Mk. :cjob idqeqb, Ekq qVljX ilgX@[jn] [ncnVn _Nl inbqZq YdoNnUKlZq Y_c_HlZq. Jdlc_lk inbq`gokoVjq ago[jnkX, Vkq qcjq o[ enNjlUKoR glKl- joU XIV i1l[cn _ jni qikndqiX jl e\aqdjljj\b. J1l[c agoj]d gl- Kljol q agqelcljoòqj;lgljLoo aq o[_VljoM iqLondXjqU Yn[\ JFG o e\gnYqk`l iqqkelkike_MHoR gl`qbljcnLoU cd] eilU angkoo. 8q `qj;lgljLo] jl iqikq]dniX. B alge_M qVlglcX aqkqb_, Vkq jl jnKdo angkoULle, `qkqg\l bqZdo Y\ Zgnbqkjq, jn jn_VjqU qijqel kn`_M gnYqk_ agqeliko. B Ekqb likX o bq] eojn – jl jnikq]d o jl jnK@d knòR _V@j\R ejl angkoo. %n` Y\ knb jo Y\dq, kn`_M `qj;l- gljLoM jncq agqeliko e 2013 Zqc_. : angkoUjqU coiLoadojl B qkV@kjqb algoqcl _ jni jl Y\dq Vgl[e\VnUj\R agqoiKlikeoU e angkoo. 8n agqk]Nljoo aqidlcjoR 10 dlk jl Y\dq jo qcjqZq jng_- Kljo] igq`qe iq[\en i1l[cqe odòqj;lgljLoU JFG, [nilcnjoU Fq- dokiqelkn odo Fgnedljo] angkoo. Fqekqg]M – jo qcjqZq jng_Kljo] $iknen JFG aq Ekob eqagqinb. 8q aqcqYjql jldX[] ìn[nkX q g]cl algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU. B jl`qkqg\R o[ joR – lioiìqU, %_dcoZ- ìqU, GobYnNìqU, %ngineìqU, 'ncqjìqU jng_KnMki] _iknej\l kglYqenjo] aq eqagqi_ agqelcljo] iqYgnjoU o [n Zqc agqelcljq aq 1-3 iqYgnjo] eblikq 6 aq $ikne_. 3ido Vdljnb angkoo jl q Vlb Zq- eqgokX, kq q `n`qb oR edo]joo jn bnii\ bqNlk ocko glVX? 8ncq ago[jnkX, Vkq Eko jng_Kljo] $iknen agqKdo bobq ejobn- jo] Vdljqe Fqdokiqelkn, `qkqg\l Y\do qkelkikeljj\bo [n gnYqk_ o q`n[njol aqbqHo jn[enjj\b algeoVj\b qgZnjo[nLo]b, n kn`Nl 6leo[oqjjqÙqboiioo angkoo. :k 6leo[oqjjqÙqboiioo jl aqik_- aodq jo qcjqZq cq`_bljkn jn Ekqk iV@k. FqckelgNcljolb jlcqiknkqVjqU coiLoadojogqenjjqiko qkcldX- j\R il`glknglU algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU JFG bqNlk id_NokX lH@ qcoj ;n`k. B bnl-oMdl i.Z. jn [nilcnjo]R Fqdokiqelkn alglc il`gl- kng]bo algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU, Vdljnbo ònjcocnknbo e Vdlj\ Fqdokiqelkn Y\dn aqiknedljn [ncnVn: 1. 4q 1 neZ_ikn i.Z. cnkX aglcdqNljo] , `qZq o[ ieqoR Vdljqe ang- koo algeoVjn] qgZnjo[nLo] gl`qbljc_lk cd] o[Ygnjo] e iqikne g_- `qeqc]HoR qgZnjqe angkoo jn XV i1l[cl JFG. 2. 4q 1 iljk]Yg] i.Z. cnkX aglcdqNljo], `qZq algeoVjn] qgZnjo- [nLo] aglcdnZnlk jn XV i1l[cl JFG gniibqkglkX ènVlikel `njco- cnk_g jn aqik aglcilcnkld] JFG. Fgo Ekqb jncq Y\dq jn[enkX ce_R `njcocnkqe o[ ieqlU odo dMYqU cg_ZqU algeoVjqU qgZnjo[nLoo. XV J3!4 JFG 197 %n[ndqiX Y\ – knòl enNj\l òninMHoli] `nNcqU algeoVjqU qgZnjo[nLoo ònNcqZq Vdljn angkoo eqagqi\. :cjn`q ieqo aglc- dqNljo] aglcikneodn kqdX`q `nNcn] ekqgn] qgZnjo[nLo]. FqVlb_? Fgn`koVliò eil il`glkngo algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU ]ed]Mki] cldl- Znknbo i1l[cn o agoi_kike_Mk e [ndl. 8nclMiX, Vkq inb ;n`k qZdn- Kljo] EkoR cnjj\R jn i1l[cl angkoo [nikneok jng_KokldlU $iknen angkoo o angkoUjqU coiLoadoj\ icldnkX e\eqc\ jn Y_c_Hll. kq `ninlki] _adnk\ angkoUj\R e[jqiqe, kq e Ekqb eqagqil YqdX- KoR agqYdlb jlk. Bi@ Nl jl`qkqg\l il`glkngo algeoVj\R qgZnjo- [nLoU aq[eqd]Mk qkVok\enkXi] aq _adnkl e[jqiqe jl lNlèngkndXjq, `nÈkqZq kglY_lk $ikne JFG, n ign[_ [n 2-3 èngkndn i iqqkelkike_M- Hob qaq[cnjolb. kq kqNl jlcqa_ikobq, jq aq`n jòkq o[ il`glkn- glU algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU [n kn`ql jng_Kljol $iknen JFG jl jn`n[nj. FlglVoidljj\l o jl`qkqg\l cg_Zol jng_Kljo], n kn`Nl blcdlj- jql e\aqdjljol glKljoU i1l[cqe angkoo qY _iodljoo gqdo angkoo e bniinR ikne]k e aqelik`_ cj] eqagqi q ejliljoo jl`qkqg\R aqagn- eqò o[bljljoU e $ikne JFG. $ikne jnKlU angkoo Y\d agoj]k 15 ]jeng] 1994 Zqcn. B aqidl- c_MHlb e jlZq ejqiodoiX o[bljljo] jn VIII i1l[cl JFG (21 cl`nYg] 2002 Z.), IX i1l[cl (11 cl`nYg] 2004 Z.), X i1l[cl (16 cl`nYg] 2006 Z.) o XI i1l[cl JFG (18 q`k]Yg] 2008 Z.). Fgo Ekqb jqen], j\jl clU- ike_MHn] glcn`Lo] $iknen JFG Y\dn agoj]kn e 2002 Zqc_ jn VIII i1l[cl JFG. Bjli@jj\l aqidlc_MHobo i1l[cnbo angkoo aqagneò e 6lZoikgl aglcago]koU jl _kelgNclj\, `n` jl agojLoaondXj\l, o clUike_Mk kqdX`q ej_kgo angkoo. 8n XIV i1l[cl angkoo Y\dq agoj]kq aglcdqNljol Fgnedljo] JFG q iq[cnjoòqboiioo aq iYqg_ o qYqYHljoM aglcdqNljoU qY o[bljljo]R e $iknel JFG. +n`n] `qboiio] Y\dn iq[cnjn. FlgeoV- j\l qgZnjo[nLoo aqcndo ieqo aglcdqNljo], `qkqg\l `qboiio] qY- qYHodn o aglcikneodn FgnedljoM angkoo. BilZq aqik_aodq 101 aglcdqNljol. /YiqdMkjql YqdXKojikeq iqikned]Mk aqagneò gl- cn`LoqjjqZq kqd`n, ikg_`k_g\ $iknen. : joR b\ jn i1l[cl ZqeqgokX jl Y_clb. 'jqZol o[ EkoR aqagneqàgoj]k\. %qboiio] ieqo iqqYgn- Nljo], aqidl qYi_Ncljo] jn Fgnedljoo JFG 7 oMd] i.Z., cqdqNodn jn [nilcnjoo Fqdokiqelkn, `qkqg\U e Lldqb `qjLlak_ndXjq qcqYgod aqagneò.
kq Ekq [n agojLoaondXj\l aqagneò? 0R jlìqdX`q. Flgen]. 0ìdMVokX o[ $iknen ik.18 $iknen JFG a.5 «FqdokoVliòU iqelk JFG», k.l. _agn[cjokX kn`_M ikg_`k_g_ e angkoo. 198 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ 8ndoVol Fqdokiqelkn ilY] jl qagnecndq. Fqdokiqelk eil Zqc\ i_Hlikeqenjo] agn`koVlì_M gnYqk_ e algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLo]R jl e@d, kqdX`q iqYogndi] jn [nilcnjo] (e iqqkelkikeoo i $ikneqb JFG gn[ e cen bli]Ln). 'jqZq`gnkj\l aqa\kò qgZnjo[qenkX gnYqk_ o e\- aqdj]kX _iknej\l kglYqenjo] jl obldo eq[clUikeo].
dlj\ Fqdok- iqelkn jn iqYgnjo] e algeoVj\l qgZnjo[nLoo, [n`glad@jjqU [n jobo [qj\, jl l[codo, qY qYi_Ncnlb\R jn Fqdokiqelkl eqagqinR o agqYdlbnR algeoVj\b qgZnjo[nLo]b jl iqqYHndo o i angkoULnbo, `gqbl ieqoR qgZnjo[nLoU, Zcl qjo jn angkoUjqb _V@kl, jl qYHndoiX. B !n`qjl Gnkeoo «: aqdokoVliòR angko]R» kn`n] ikg_`k_gn – Fqdokiqelk – jl aglc_ibqkgljn. B iqqkelkikeoo i jn[enjj\b !n`q- jqb eiM qkelkikeljjqikX, èdMVn] bnklgondXj_M, jli_k Vdlj\ Fgnedljo]. kq qcjn – MgocoVlìn] o agn`koVlìn] ikqgqjn eq- agqin. Bkqgn] [n`dMVnlki] e kqb, Vkq Fgnedljol, e\j_Ncljjq _cl- d]] YqdXKql ejobnjol aqcZqkqèl o agqelcljoM [nilcnjoU Fqdokiqelkn, jlcqiknkqVjq [njobndqiX il`glkng]bo algeoVj\R angkoUj\R qgZnjo[nLoU, Vkq qkgoLnkldXjq ìn[\enlki] jn gnYqkl angkoo e Lldqb. 0iRqc] o[ EkqZq, Y\dq agoj]kq glKljol aglcdqNokX jn i1l[cl JFG _agn[cjokX Fqdokiqelk o eblikq jlZq _VglcokX Jqelk il`glknglU i iqqkelkike_MHobo aqdjqbqVo]bo. Fgqkoe EkqZq Y\dq doKX qcjq eq[gnNljol: bqd, e qki_kikeol Fqdokiqelkn Fgne- dljol o aglcilcnkldX angkoo Y_c_k YlìqjkgqdXj\bo. 8q Ekq jl kn`. 0 e clUike_MHlb o e Y_c_Hlb $iknel qikn@ki] kn`n] ikg_`k_gn, `n` 6leo[oqjjn] `qboiio], `qkqgn] o aq $ikne_ o aq !n`qj_ «: aqdoko- VliòR angko]R» qY][njn eliko eiM `qjkgqdXj_M gnYqk_. Fqdokiqelk joVlZq jl `qjkgqdogqend o jl bqZ EkqZq cldnkX, k.`. knòR ;_j`LoU _ jlZq jl Y\dq o e iqqkelkikeoo i !n`qjqb jl bqZdq Y\kX. Bkqgn]. FglcdnZnlki] _agn[cjokX Jqelk iknglUKoj angkoo (ik.16). kn ikg_`k_gn q`n[ndniX jl eqikglYqenjjqU No[jXM o agn`koVlìqU jl- qYRqcobqikXM. 8o gn[_ Jqelk knò jl Y\d iq[cnj. $agn[cjljol Jq- elkn iknglUKoj jl e\[endq eq[gnNljoU ago qYi_Ncljoo jn Fgnedljoo o Fqdokiqelkl angkoo. +glkX]. FglcdnZnlki] o[bljokX cleo[ angkoo (ik.27, a.2) 8\jl clUike_M- HoU cleo[: «BdnikX jngqc_, n jl `naoknd_!» i kqVò [gljo] bng`- io[bn jl `qggl`klj, lido _VlikX, Vkq Noe@b o gnYqknlb ènaokndoikoVlìqb qYHlikel, n e Ekqb qYHlikel jlk lcojqZq jngqcn. B `naokndoikoVlìqb qYHlikel jngqc iqikqok o[ `dniiqe: `dniin gnYqVoR òdniin `naokndoikqe. :kiMcn e\eqc, Vkq cleo[ XV J3!4 JFG 199 idlc_lk [naoinkX aq-ojqb_: «BdnikX kg_c_, n jl `naoknd_!» :kcldXj\l o[bljljo] o _kqVjljo] e $iknel o[dqNlj\ e iqqkelk- ike_MHlb agql`kl Fqiknjqedljo] i1l[cn (cq`_bljk 9 ) o cldl- Znknb qj gq[cnj. 8nclMiX, e\ ei@ aqUb@kl o qcqYgokl No[jljjq jlqYRqcob\l cd] angkoo o[bljljo] e $iknel. 8nb jlqYRqcobq iqelgKljikeqenkXi] o oìnkX Yqdll E;;l`koe- j\l ;qgb\ qgZnjo[nLoo jnKlU gnYqk\, VkqY\ aqe\iokX aqdl[jqikX o E;;l`koejqikX cl]kldXjqiko angkoo. : jnKoR ie][]R i Ygnkiòbo angko]bo [n g_YlNqb !n 18 dlk i_Hlikeqenjo] JFG _ jni idqNodoiX RqgqKol cldq- e\l ie][o iq bjqZobo Ygnkiòbo aqdokoVliòbo angko]bo jl kqdX`q e 3egqalUìqb JqM[l, jq o [n lZq aglcldnbo. 8noYqdll klijq b\ iqkg_cjoVnlb ìqbangko]bo glLoo,
lRoo-'qgneoo, FngkolU +g_cn ldXZoo, 6qiioUìqÙqbb_joikoVlìqU gnYqVlU angkolU e iqiknel %FJJ, %qbb_joikoVlìqU angkolU $`gnoj\, Jq- LondoikoVliòb 8ngqcj\b gqjkqb Goke\. 8nKl iqkg_cjoVlikeq [n`dMVnlki] e _Vnikoo e blgqago]ko]R cg_Z cg_Zn. kq - iqeblik- j\l `qj;lgljLoo, eo[ok\, qYblj bjljo]bo, e\gnYqk`n o aqcaoin- jol iqeblikj\R [n]edljoU aq gn[doVj\b n`k_ndXj\b cd] jni eqagqinb. +nòl ie][o jnb agocnMk _elgljjqikX, aqbqZnMk Y\- ikgll o èndo;oLogqenjjq gn[qYgnkXi] eq bjqZoR eqagqinR ej_k- gljjlU No[jo jnKoR ikgnj o angkoU, n kn`Nl iqY\ko]R e bogl, aqcclgNoenkX cg_Z cg_Zn jn blNc_jngqcj\R ilbojngnR, `qj;lglj- Lo]R o iqelHnjo]R YgnkiòR angkoU. !n ei@ Ekq b\ Zqeqgob ianioYq jnKob kqengoHnb o e\gnNnlb _elgljjqikX e kqb, Vkq e jnKlb aqd`_ agoY_clk, n kn`Nl e kqb, Vkq jnKo ie][o Y_c_k `glaj_kX o qYqZnHnkX jnKo [jnjo]. JanioYq enb, kqengoHo – aglcikneokldo YgnkiòR angkoU, _Vn- ike_MHol ilZqcj] e gnYqkl i1l[cn JFG! 8ncq ago[jnkX, Vkq blNc_jngqcjql `qbb_joikoVlìql ceoNljol ilZqcj] aq-aglNjlb_ lH@ jl jnYgndq Y\d_M iod_ o nekqgoklk, `nòl Y\do ago i_Hlikeqenjoo JJJ6 o iodXjqU bogqeqU ioiklb\ iqLon- do[bn. 'lNc_jngqcjql `qbb_joikoVlìql o gnYqVll ceoNljol jl ieqYqcjq qk agneqZq o dleqZq qaaqgk_jo[bn, jnLoqjndXjqZq EZqo[bn, YqdXKl [nj]kq qLlj`qU o aqoìqb qKoYqàgqKdqZq, bndq aqdl[jqZq e\gnYnk\enlki] cd] agn`koVlìqZq oiaqdX[qenjo] e iq- eglbljj\R _idqeo]R o qaglcldljo] a_klU Y_c_HlZq, `gqbl qYHlZq dq[_jZn, Vkq bog agoc@k àqYlcl iqLondo[bn. B kqb, Vkq `naokndo[b e ikncoo obalgondoikoVlìqU ZdqYndo[nLoo jl iaqiqYlj gn[glKokX 200 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ eq[jòKol alglc VldqelVlikeqb agqYdlb\ e qYdniko ÈqdqZoo, Èq- jqboò o ;ojnjiqe, Ynj`qe (aglegnkoeKoRi] o[ _VglNcljoU q`n[n- jo] _id_Zo e Yo[jliikg_`k_g\), jl iaqiqYlj aglcqkegnkokX `go[oi\ (qjo agoi_Ho inbqU agogqcl `naokndo[bn), eil ÈqjqboVliòl o ;ojnjiqe\l agqend\ glKnlk [n iV@k _iodljo] Eìad_nknLoo gn- YqVlZq `dniin, Vkq elc@k ` qkjqiokldXjqb_ o nYiqdMkjqb_ qYjoHn- joM gnYqVlZq – Ekq qVleocjq, Ekq qH_HnMk dMco jn eilU adnjlkl. %naokndo[b jl bqNlk qYlialVokX bog o iaq`qUikeol jn `qjkojljknR aqkqb_, Vkq lb_ qgZnjoVliò agoi_Hn jljni\kjn] YqgXYn [n oikqV- joò i\gX] o EjlgZoo, [n bogqe\l g\jò. 6nYqVoÙdnii, id_NnHol, ojklddoZljLo] aq eilb_ bog_ YqgMki] [n ieqo agnen, NldnMk elg- j_kX _klg]jj\l iqLondXj\l Zngnjkoo. 8n Vkq jnRqc]Hn]i] _ edniko jnLoqjndXjn] Y_gN_n[o] qkelVnlk jniodolb, aqdoLlUiòbo o ng- blUiòbo iodqe\bo clUikeo]bo. 8n jnK e[Zd]c, Ekq agqoiRqcok aq- kqb_, Vkq jlk iodXj\R aqdokoVliòR angkoU. 'nii\ gnYqVoR òglikX]j, `qkqg\l kqdX`q o bqZ_k oiaqdjokX gqdX ZlZlbqjn e Zg]c_-HoR alglbljnR, q`n[\enMki] jl aqcZqkqedljj\bò glKokldXjqb_ o aqidlcqenkldXjqb_ clUikeoM èqj`glkj\R _idqeo]R XXI el`n, o[- [n qki_kikeo] _ joR iqqkelkike_MHlU ikgnklZoo o kn`koò, idnYqiko o gn[qYH@jjqiko aqdokoVliòR angkoU, jo[`qU Yqleokqiko agq;iqM- [qe. kq aqckelgNcnMk iqY\ko] jn doNjlb Bqikq`l, e 3Zoakl o cg_ZoR ikgnjnR. +n`ql qaglcldljol aqdqNljo] aqdjqikXM qkjqioki] ò Gnkeoo. FqEkqb_, jn jnK e[Zd]c, jo _ JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo, jo _ jnKlZq qY1lcojljo] «ljkg iqZdnio]» aq`n jlk aqc- clgNò YqdXKojiken jnildljo] Gnkeoo. 0 Rqk] o[_Vljol qYHl- ikeljjqZq bjljo] aq`n[\enlk, Vkq 55 agqLljkqe jnildljo] ]ed]Mki] dleq qgoljkogqenjj\bo, Yqdll kqZq – kqdX`q 30 agqLljkqe iVoknMk `naokndo[b qakobndXjqU ÈqjqboVlìqU ioiklbqU, n jn e\YqgnR [n jnKoR `njcocnkqe Zqdqi_Mk kqdX`q 20-25 agqLljkqe (Diena, 16.04.2012.) 8nb likX jnc Vlb [nc_bnkXi]. :Vleocjq, jo jnKo aglc- e\Yqgj\l agqZgnbb\, jo iaoiò `njcocnkqe e cla_knk\ jl ej_KnMk aqdjqZq cqelgo] o o[Yognkldo e joR jl eoc]k qagnecnjo] ieqoR jn- clNc. B\ ìnNlkl, Vkq angdnbljkiòb a_k@b jldX[] agoUko èdn- iko. 4n, `dniioò kn` qaglcldodo e 19-b el`l, jq ilZqcj] 21-U el`, Ekq, eq-alge\R, n eq-ekqg\R, iqY\ko] 20-Zq el`n aq`n[ndo, Vkq `nao- kndo[b e ikgnjnR, Zcl iqLondo[b ikgqodi] o Y\d aqikgqlj o agòq- kqgqb Zqi_cngiken Nodo qk aqdel`n o aqVko el`, Y\d gliknegogqenj aglob_Hlikeljjq angdnbljkiòb a_k@b. 0[ EkqZq jl idlc_lk cldnkX e\eqc, Vkq JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo qkgoLnlk gleqdMLoqj- j\U a_kX gn[eoko]. 6leqdMLoqjjn] iok_nLo] e Gnkeoo, jle[ogn] jn XV J3!4 JFG 201 eliXbn `gokoVlìql iqikq]jol jngqcjqZq Rq[]Uiken, joHljiòl iq- LondXj\l _idqeo], jl iq[glenlk. 8nildljol agqklik_lk aq-ojqb_: jl gqNnlk clklU – cldq cqKdq cq gn[gnYqkò o ejlcgljo] Zqi_- cngikeljjqU agqZgnbb\ oì_iikeljjqZq qadqcqkeqgljo] NljHoj e eq[gnikl cq 37 dlk. Gnkeo] obllk inb\U jo[òÙqE;;oLoljk gqN- cnlbqiko eq ei@b 3egqalUìqb JqM[l – 1,17 glY@j`n jn qcj_ Nlj- Hoj_ (Eurostat, Baltic figures on the EU, 2012 edition). BkqgqU eoc agqklikn – bniiqe\U e\l[c dMclU jn gnYqk_ [n Zgn- joL_. B\lRneKol jn gnYqk_ [n ZgnjoL_ agoi\dnMk e GnkeoM cljXZo jn qadnk_ `qbb_jndXj\R _id_Z, iqclgNnjol clklU o aglikngld\R gqcokldlU. Fq q;oLondXj\b cnjj\b kqdX`q e eocl alglVoidljo] jn Ynj`qeiòl iVlkn o a_k@b algleqcqe aq aqVkl 200.000 Vldqelò[ Gnkeoo, gnYqknMHol [n g_YlNqb, agoidndo 350 bdj.legq. 4d] Gnk- eoo Ekq YqdXKn] i_bbn. !ncnVn dle\R angkoU e EkoR _idqeo]R [n`dMVnlki] e kqb, VkqY\ gn[1]ij]kX njkojngqcj_M aqdokò_ agne]HoR angkoU. JFG qY][njn Yqdll jnikqUVoeq, oiaqdX[_] eil ;qgb\ gnYqk\, aq`n[\enkX Nokl- d]b Gnkeoo, `_cn ceoNlki] ikgnjn, iknjqe]iX Yl[dMcjqU, gniagq- cnen] ieqo [lbdo YqZnk\b ojqikgnjLnb, n ieq@ jnildljol ikne] alglc e\Yqgqb: odo ocko e Ynkgnò òjqikgnjjqb_ Rq[]oj_ dnk- eoUìqU [lbdo odo lRnkX jn [ngnYqkò [n ZgnjoL_. 8o kq, jo cg_Zql jl likX ieqYqcn o jl[neoiobqikX, Ekq likX aqgnYqHljol o jlq`qdq- jo[nLo]. +qdX`q e GnkZndoo _Nl 16 k\i]V Zn agojncdlNnk Kelciòb ojelikqgnb (NRA, 21.-23.09.12.) 0[elikj\U gqiioUiòU _V@j\U Jlg- ZlU %naoLn Zqeqgod: «JeqYqcn cqdNjn _gnejqelKoenkXi] qkelk- ikelj- jqikXM». Fgne]Hn] aqdokoVlìn] Edokn Gnkeoo jl V_eike_lk o jl jli@k kn`qU qkelkikeljjqiko alglc ieqob jngqcqb, lido cq- eldq ikgnj_ cq kn`qZq iqikq]jo]. 8q kn` Y_clk jl elVjq – agoc@ki] qkelVnkX alglc ieqob jngqcqb o alglc oikqgolU ikgnj\. Bqagqi doKX e kqb: `nì`qgq? 4d] elcljo] aqdokoVlìqU gnYqk\ e bniinR jlqYRqcob\ _YlN- c@jj\l, Zgnbqkj\l o _b_cg@jj\l No[jljj\b qa\kqb angkoUL\. 8n ilZqcj] _ jni knòR angkoULle ]ejq jlcqiknkqVjq. : `n`qb edo]joo jn bnii\ b\ bqNlb ZqeqgokX, lido cnNl e ildXìqU blik- jqiko dMco jl [jnMk il`glknglU algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU, clU- ike_MHoR jn oR klggokqgoo. / elcX jl`qkqg\l o[ joR gnYqknMk aq 10 o Yqdll dlk. :Y Ekqb b\ Zqeqgodo jn XIII o XIV i1l[cnR angkoo, jq aqdqNljol agn`koVliò jl _d_VKnlki]. 4ldq qidqNj]lki] o klb, Vkq e angkoM ilZqcj] edoenMki] dMco, jl o[_VneKol o jl [jnMHol bngìo[b. B\aqdj]] glKljol XIII i1l[cn angkoo, _Nl 202 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ ekqgqU Zqc _ jni elc@ki] aqdokoVlìn] _V@Yn. Bi@ Nl `nVlikeq EkqU _V@Y\ jo[`ql – jlk cqiknkqVjq aqcZqkqedljj\R agqanZnjcoikqe. Fq EkqU agoVojl ioiklbn _V@Y\ _ jni aqikgqljn jn ojcoeoc_ndX- jqb iaqiqYl aqe\Kljo] ieqoR aqdokoVliòR [jnjoU. +n`n] qY][nj- jqikX [n`gladljn e ik.5 $iknen angkoo. B aglnbY_dl $iknen jnKlU angkoo V@k`q [naoinjq, Vkq «JFG – bngìoikìn] angko] nenj- Zngcn, gniibnkgoenMHn] bngìo[b `n` condl`koVlìql o oikqgo- Vlìql qkgnNljol glndoU VldqelVlìqZq qYHliken...» 4qYoenkXi] e\aqdjljo] EkqZq aqdqNljo] – [ncnVn eilU angkoo, `nNcqZq ang- koULn, `nNcqU algeoVjqU qgZnjo[nLoo o eilR g_`qeqc]HoR qgZnjqe angkoo. 8nKo _iodo] o _ilgcol e Ekqb jnagnedljoo cqdNj\ Y\kX Yqdll jnikqUVoe\bo. doNnUKol [ncnVo angkoo FlgeqU, ZdnejqU o enNjlUKlU [ncnVlU cd] JFG qikn@ki] gn- Yqkn aq _`gladljoM angkoo, aqe\KljoM l@ _[jnenlbqiko o [jnVo- kldXjqb_ _iodljoM l@ edo]jo] e jngqcl, iq[cnjoM jqe\R o _eldoVljoM Voidljjqiko _Nl gnYqknMHoR algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU angkoo. 8ònòl o[bljljo] e $iknel odo cnNl e FgqZgnbbl angkoo Eko [ncnVo jl glKnk, lido jl Y_clk iqqkelkike_MHlU n`koejqikònNcqZq Vdljn angkoo, `nNcqU algeoVjqU qgZnjo[nLoo, eilR _gqejlU g_`qeqciken angkoo. Bilb jlqYRqcobq _ceqokX ieqo _iodo] cd] cqikoNljo] _`n[njjqU Lldo. kn LldX likX ielgR[ncnVn ang- koo. 3ido b\ l@ jl glKob, lido jl e\gnikob jqe\R ]gòR agojo- bnlb\R jngqcqb doclgqe, b\ bqNlb aqklg]kX cnNl kl aq[oLoo, `qkqg\l obllb ilZqcj]. 4d] cqikoNljo] _ialRqe jn Ekqb Zdnejqb _Vnik`l gnYqk\ _ jni jl kn` _N bjqZq ojikg_bljkqe. 4ljlNj\R iglcike _ jni bndq o qjo, `n` _Nl ZqeqgodqiX, jn 80 agqLljkqe iqikq]k o[ angkoUj\R e[jqiqe o aqNlgkeqenjoU klR, `kq adnkok 10 agqLljkqe qk jlkkq [ng- adnk\. 4ljXZo o[ YMcNlkn Zqi_cngiken, `qkqg\l i EkqZq Zqcn e\cl- d]Mki] angko]b, `njcocnk\ e cla_knk\ JlUbn `qkqg\R aqd_Vodo Yqdll ce_R agqLljkqe Zqdqiqe o[YognkldlU, aq 50 injkobqe [n `nNc\U Zqdqi, bqZ_k e jnKlb id_Vnl Y\kX oiaqdX[qenj\ kqdX`q Lljkgndo[qenjjq – :Y1lcojljolb «ljkg iqZdnio]». B jnKlb id_- Vnl i_bbn, `qkqg_M b\ bqNlb oiaqdX[qenkX Vlgl[ Y_RZndklgoM «ljkgn iqZdnio]», iqikned]lk eilZq 12 k\i]V dnkqe e Zqc. 8q, Ekq ago _idqeoo, Vkq iglco o[Ygnjj\R aq iaoì_ «ljkg iqZdnio]» Y_c_k o jnKònjcocnk\. _clk o[Ygnjq YqdXKl jnKoR `njcocnkqe, Y_clk YqdXKl o Ekn i_bbn. XV J3!4 JFG 203 8n cljXZo, `qkqg\bo JFG gniaqdnZnlk, b\ o[cn@b Zn[lk_ «Jq- Londoik Gnkeoo/ Latvijas Sociƒlists». n[lkn jnKn e\Rqcok i bngkn 2003 Zqcn. B Y_c_Hlb Zqc_ lU Y_clk 10 dlk. :jn aq]ed]lki] doKX 2 gn[n e Zqc. kq ]ejq bndq, jq jn YqdXKll jlk cljlZ. +_k j_Nj\ ilgX- @[j\l alglblj\. n[lkn cqdNjn e\RqcokX jl 2 gn[n e Zqc, n VnHl. 8l aq 24 doikn, n bqNlk Y\kX cqiknkqVjq Y\dq Y\ 2-4 aqdqi jn n`- k_ndXj\l klb\. kq idlc_lk qYi_cokX, glqgZnjo[qenkX gnYqk_ glc- `qddlZoo, iq[cnkX ilkX gnYqVoR `qggliaqjcljkqe, glKokX agqYdlb\ l@ gniagqikgnjljo]. 8_Nj\ ilgX@[j\l alglblj\. B kqb eocl, `n` Zn[lkn o[cn@ki] ilUVni, qjn ilY] o[Nodn o jl qagnec\enlk iglc- iken, `qkqg\l e jl@ èdnc\enMki]. Fqidl jlqcjq`gnkjqÙgokoVlìqU qLljò jn i1l[cnR angkoo gn- Yqk\ e 0jklgjlkl, jnb ei@ Nl _cndqiX l@ _d_VKokX. B Ekqb YqdXKn] [nid_Zn il`glkng] Fqdokiqelkn 0jZngn _gdnìn. +lalgX jnK_ cq- bnKjMM ikgnjoL_ e 0jklgjlkl lNli_kqVjq aqilHnMk qk 50 cq 70 Vldqel`, n Y\dq 5-6. BkqgqU enNjlUKlU [ncnVlU cd] angkoo e aglcikq]Hlb algoqcl Y_clk gnYqkn aq aqcZqkqèl o _VnikoM e e\YqgnR blikj\R inbq- _agnedljoU e 2013 Zqc_ o JlUbn o 3egqangdnbljkn e 2014 Zqc_. : e\YqgnR e JlUb o 3egqangdnbljk Yqdll aqcgqYjq Y_clb ZqeqgokX jn XVI i1l[cl JFG e 2013 Zqc_. JlUVni doKX ìnN_, Vkq aqcZqkqè_ Èkob e\Yqgnb jlqYRqcobq jnVojnkX _Nl ilUVni ènNcqU algeoV- jqU qgZnjo[nLoo. FqcYognkX o ZqkqeokX `njcocnkqe e cla_knk\ EkoR ojikok_LoU. 8liqbjljjq, Vkq YqgXYn [n cla_knkiòl bnjcnk\ Y_clk qikgqU o ;n`koVliò Ekq Y_clk agqcqdNljolb kqU YqgXY\, `qkqgn] iqikqoki] jn e\YqgnR blikj\R inbq_agnedljoU e 2013 Zqc_. kq, i qcjqU ikqgqj\, n i cg_ZqU – Y_c_k ejqiokXi] gn[doVj\l o[bljljo] e [n`qj\ q e\YqgnR JlUbn G6, n kn`Nl q e\YqgnR cla_knkqe 3egq- angdnbljkn. 8l`qkqg\l `qj`glkj\l jnKo clUikeo] jn Ekqk iV@k o[- dqNlj\ e agql`kl aqiknjqedljo] i1l[cn «: jnKoR YdoNnUKoR [ncnVnR». $elglj, Vkq cldlZnk\ oR qcqYg]k. U 65*= 6 8/3 8 /=5*=6(8 D 6 K=36DD 6 2013 5 Fgnedljol o Fqdokiqelk JFG gniibqkgldo agojLoaondXj\l eq- agqi\, agoj]do glKljo] o e\jqiob oR jn gniibqkgljol i1l[cn angkoo. '\ iVoknlb, Vkq JFG cqdNjn _VnikeqenkX e e\YqgnR blikj\R inbq_agnedljoU o cldnkX Ekq e iqiknel :Y1lcojljo] «ljkg iqZdn- io]». kn kn`kòn ilY] qagnecndn jn agqk]Nljoo aqidlcjoR dlk, `qZcn b\ eik_aodo e «ljkg iqZdnio]». JqZdnijq $iknen JFG 204 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ (ik. 14 a. 4) kn`ql glKljol cqdNlj aqckelgcokX i1l[c angkoo o b\ _elglj\, Vkq i1l[c lZq aqckelgcok. Fgql`k aqiknjqedljo] jn Ekqk iV@k _ cldlZnkqe i1l[cn obllki]. kq `ninlki] iaoìqènjcocnkqe e cla_knk\, kq oR `qbadl`kq- enjolb Y_clk [njobnkXi] Fgnedljol JFG o Fgnedljol :Y1lcojl- jo] «ljkg iqZdnio]», gniibnkgoen] iok_nLoM aq `nNcqb_ inbq_agnedljoM qkcldXjq. $ jni jlk `njcocnkqe jn eil 108 inbq- _agnedljoU, èqkqg\R agqUc_k e\Yqg\. Fglce\Yqgjn] agqZgnbbn aq `nNcqb_ inbq_agnedljoM, gn[_bl- lki], Y_clk qkdoVnkXi] `qj`glkj\bo [ncnVnbònNcqZq inbq_agne- dljo], jq qYHobo bqkoenbo eilR agqZgnbb cqdNj\ Y\kX: iqLondXjn] [nHokn jnildljo], qiqYljjq bjqZqclkj\R ilblU, bn- dqob_HoR o aqNod\R dMclU, [nYqkn q iq[cnjoo gnYqVoR blik, [n- Yqkn q bqdqc@No, ijoNljol Yl[gnYqkoL\, YqgXYn ìqgg_baogqenj- jqikXM Vojqejòqe, iq[cnjol _idqeoU cd] jqgbndXjqU No[jo e Zq- gqcl, aqi@d`l, jn ildl `nNcqZq inbq_agnedljo]. 8n Ekqb ] [nelgKnM qkV@k Fgnedljo] o Fqdokiqelkn o aqikn- jqè_ [ncnV jn Y_c_Hll. JanioYq eilb il`glkng]b algeoVj\R qgZnjo[nLoU, Vdljnb Fq- dokiqelkn o Fgnedljo], 6leo[oqjjqÙqboiioo [n gnYqk_. 3ido b\ VlZq-kq cqikoZdo, kq Ekq jnKn qYHn] [nid_Zn. +q, Vkq jl _cndqiX icl- dnkX [n agqKlcKoU Zqc, jlqYRqcobq icldnkX e Y_c_Hlb. +qdX`q qk jni inboR, qk dMclU, [neoiok, `nòb Y_clk Ekq Y_c_Hll! XV J3!4 JFG 205 HOYMXSQSMYX :G GH9 XV QXCFE QU:YWKYQSY;XQGU? HWOSYY KWSMYY 4qgqZol kqengoHo, :k obljo ljkgndXjqZq %qboklkn %qbb_joikoVlìqU angkoo gl- Loo agobokl jnKl k@adql kqengoHlìql agoelkikeol ènKlb_ XV J1l[c_! %qbb_joiknb glLoo RqgqKq o[elikjq, Vkq BnKn angko] clU- ike_lk e idqNj\R _idqeo]R qk`nkn gnYqVlZq, jngqcjqZq ceoNljo] eidlcikeol `qjkggleqdMLoo o gniancn JJJ6. B kl`_HoR _idqeo]R bogqeqZq `naokndoikoVlìqZq `go[oin agoq- goklkqb cd] `nNcqZq YqgLn iknjqeoki] [nHokn èdncn iqLondo[bn, ìqkqg\b b\ Y\do [jn`qb\. 8libqkg] jn kg_cjqiko, iqLondo[b e JJJ6 o cg_ZoR ikgnjnR ljkgndXjqU o BqikqVjqU 3egqa\ ibqZ gl- KokX `g_aj\l jngqcj\l agqYdlb\, `qkqg\l jleq[bqNjq glKokX il- Zqcj] agònaokndo[bl. 8nagoblg, jleq[bqNjq glKokX agqYdlb_ Yl[gnYqkoL\, qYlialVokX _elgljjqikX e Y_c_Hlb, aglcqikneokX Yliadnkjql [cgneqqRgnjljol o qYgn[qenjol, clK@eql NodX@, qYli- alVokX iqYdMcljol cg_ZoR iqeglbljj\R kg_cqe\R agne, e iqqkelk- ikeoo i jn_Vjq-klRjoVliòb agqZgliiqb o gn[eokolb agqo[eqco- kldXj\R iod. JqY\ko] qagqelgZdo ikqgqjjòqènaokndoikoVlìqU ioiklb\, gniagqikgnj]MHoR oclM q kqb, Vkq `qjkggleqdMLoqjj\l alglblj\ e Jqelkìqb JqM[l o cg_ZoR iqLondoikoVliòR ikgnjnR [jnbljqendo «`qjlL oikqgoo», `qjlL `dniiqeqU YqgXY\. 4lUikeokldXjqikX cq`n- [ndn, Vkq `naokndo[b jn obalgondoikoVlìqb, e\iKlb Eknal ieqlZq gn[eoko] ]ed]lki] agoVojqU YlcikeoU boddoqjqe kg_c]HoRi] eq eilb bogl. :j aqgqNcnlk YlcjqikX o Yl[gnYqkoL_, ikgncnlk jlgn[- glKob\bo agqkoeqglVo]bo, e\gnNnMHoboi] e LòdoVliòR `go[o- inR o eqUjnR [n gniKogljol aglcagojobnkldXìqU cl]kldXjqiko bqjqaqdoU, alglcld g\j`qe òqjkgqdX jnc agogqcj\bo gli_ginbo. `qjqboVliòÙgo[oìnaokndoikoVlìqZq bogn _Zd_Yd]lki]. :Y- qikg]Mki] qijqej\l agqkoeqglVo] `naokndo[bn o blNobalgondoiko- Vlìn] `qj`_gljLo]. Jqkg]inMki] obalgondoikoVliòl iqM[\, knòl `n` 3J. 8nYdMcnMki] algliknjqeò e obalgondoikoVlìqU ioiklbl, eocqo[blj]Mki] iqM[\, Vkq qYqikg]lk blNobalgondoikoVlì_M `qj- `_gljLoM. B jl@ eqedlVlj\ jl kqdX`q J
/ o 3J, jq o 6qiio], %oknU, iodXj\l glZoqjndXj\l clgNne\ o iqM[\. 6nik@k bodokngo[nLo], _io- doenMki] glagliioej\l blRnjo[b\. 8/+: glndo[_lk jqe_M, lH@ Yqdll nZgliioej_M cqZb_ jnobljXKlZq [dn, Yl[Yqdl[jljjqZq, d@Z`qZq 206 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ a_ko, q ]`qY\ eq[bqNjqb ;qgbogqenjoo agneokldXiken, `qkqgql Y_clk _agned]kX `go[oiqb e gnb`nR edniko bqjqaqdoU o Vdljiken e 3J, òq- kqgql Y_clk iaqiqYjq qiknjqeokX _R_cKljol aqdqNljo] jngqcn. Bdo]- jol kn`Nl q`n[ndo ikgnR o [na_Zoenjol o[Zjnjolb glLoo o[ legq[qj\. \dq gn[e@gj_kq `g_ajql jnik_adljol jn %F e _idqeo]R ioiklbnko- VliòR o Zj_ij\R jnancqòclUjq-aqdokoVliòR naangnkqe ioiklb\, i ZdnejqU LldXM – qidnYokX angkoM, o klb inb\b aglcqkegnkokX gqik gnYqVlZq ceoNljo] e _idqeo]R _R_cKljo] aqdqNljo] jngqcn. %F aqKdn agqkoe klVljo], qjn Ekq jl gn[ cldndn e agqKdqb aq gn[j\b `gnUjl enNj\b aqdokoVliòb eqagqinb. Fngko] agqkoeq- ikq]dn o agqkoeqikqok `qj1Mj`k_gj\b elgR_KlVj\b qY1lcojljo]b o jniknoenlk jn iqLondXjqb iqM[l blNc_ gnYqVob `dniiqb, jngqcj\bo idq]bo Zqgqcn o clglejo ago _Vnikoo NljHoj o bqdqc@No. 8nKn ang- ko] qkelgZnlk iqkg_cjoVlikeq i LldXM i;qgbogqenkX «dleql agneo- kldXikeq», k.l. engonjk Y_gN_n[jqZq _agnedljo] `naokndo[bqb. %F jniknoenlk jn iq[cnjoo qYHlikeljjq-aqdokoVlìqZq iqM[n, YqgMHl- Zqi] [n glKljol eilR jngqcj\R agqYdlb, ikndòenMHlZqi] i bqjqaq- do]bo o obalgondo[bqb. 3Zq YqgXYn Y_clk jnagnedljn jn ielgNljol `naokndoikoVlìqZq engengiken o jn [neqlenjol gnYqVlU, jngqcjqU edniko. '\ _YlNclj\ e kqb, Vkq oikqgo] aqckelgcok agneqk_ jnKlU aqdokoVlìqU aq[oLoo e agqkoeqeli bld`qY_gN_n[j\b o angdnbljk- iòb oddM[o]b, `qkqg\l ejqeX aqklga]k ;onìq! 'qHjn] YqgXYn gn- YqVoR, `qkqgn] gn[eoenlki] e jnKlU ikgnjl, _Nl aq`n[\enlk, Vkq %F obllk Zd_Yqòl `qgjo iglco gnYqVlZq `dniin o cg_ZoR jngqcj\R idq@e, o ]ed]lki] qaqgqU cd] gnYqVlU o jngqcjqU YqgXY\, qaqgqU cd] `nN- cqZq kg_c]HlZqi]. :cjqeglbljjq %F illk e qYHlikeq jl_Zniob_M jn- clNc_ jn YqgXY_ [n ielgNljol `naokndoikoVlìqZq engengiken o aqikgqljol iqLondoikoVlìqZq – `qbb_joikoVlìqZq qYHliken. % kqb_ Nl jnKn angko], jlibqkg] jn kg_cjqiko, qY][_lki] agq- cqdNokX YqgXY_ aq e\Rqc_ blNc_jngqcjqZq `qbb_joikoVlìqZq o gn- YqVlZq ceoNljo] o[ j\jlKjlZq iqikq]jo] oclUjqZq, aqdokoVlìqZq o qgZnjo[nLoqjjqZq `go[oin. B Ekqb g_idl b\ aqcclgNoenlb blNc_- jngqcj\l o glZoqjndXj\l eikglVòqbb_joikoVliòR o gnYqVoR ang- koU, n kn`Nl N_gjnd «'lNc_jngqcj\Ùqbb_joikoVliòU qY[qg». J Ekobo b\id]bo Nldnlb ei]VliòR _ialRqe enKlb_ i1l[c_ o _ialKjqU glndo[nLoo lZq glKljoU. 4n [cgneike_lk cg_NYn blNc_ JFG o %F! 4n [cgneike_lk bngìo[b-dljojo[b o agqdlkngiòU ojklgjn- Loqjndo[b! % %F XV J3!4 JFG 207 U1OW$XJYX HWOSYY SOEFW 1XK9YY G QXCFE QU:YWKYQSY;XQGU? HWOSYY KWSMYY $enNnlb\l kqengoHo, Fngko] +g_cn ldXZoo ilgclVjq agoelkike_lk 15-U J1l[c JqLon- doikoVlìqU Fngkoo Gnkeoo! kqk J1l[c enNlj o [jnVokldlj jl kqdX`q cd] jngqcn Gnkeoo, jq cd] eilR YgnkiòR angkoU cg_ZoR ikgnj. :j jnb aq`n[\enlk, `n` Zd_Yq`q o aq BqikqVjqU 3egqal _cng]lk `go[oìnaokndo[bn, òn` bqNjq gl[_dXknkoejq i job YqgqkXi], qi- jqe\en]iX jn ie][]R i bniinbo o jn agojLoanR jn_VjqZq iqLondo[bn. '\ gnc_lbi] kqb_, Vkq ìqgq [nelgKoki] o[cnjol jn njZdoUìqb ][\`l `joZo /d;glcin FlkgqeoVn 6_Yoìn «+glY_M ago[jnkX jleo- jqej\b – :k aqdokoVlìqZq [n`dMVljjqZq cq Vdljn 3egqangdn- bljkn». kn `joZn iqclgNok Lljj\l _gqò cd] kqengoHlU eilZq bogn: q kelgcqU bqgndo alglc glagliio]bo, qY oikqgoo o ikgqo- kldXikel iqLondo[bn e Gnkeoo, q agogqcl `qjkggleqdMLoo o q eqi- iknjqedljoo angkoo e inb\R kg_cj\R _idqeo]R. '\ aq[cgned]lb eilR cldlZnkqe 15-Zq J1l[cn JqLondoikoVl- ìqU Fngkoo Gnkeoo o Nldnlb Bnb adqcqkeqgjqU gnYqk\ o YqdX- KoR _ialRqe! J Ygnkiòb agoelkqb qk 'lNc_jngqcjqZq :kcldn Fngkoo +g_cn ldXZoo, nj Flikoq OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo U1 E;WQSYY QHK M M21UOW, QWAUEHOWMKXJY? KWSMYY M 2013 9UFE JqZdnijq iknkXl 14 a.3 $iknen JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo XV i1l[c JFG aqiknjqed]lk: 1. JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo (JFG) jn e\YqgnR inbq- _agnedljoU Gnkeoo e 2013 Zqc_ agoblk _Vnikol e iqiknel :Y1lco- jljo] aqdokoVliòR angkoU «ljkg iqZdnio]». 2. Fgo jlqYRqcobqiko o aq iqZdniqenjoM i :Y1lcojljolb «ljkg iqZdnio]» e qkcldXj\R inbq_agnedljo]R JFG bqNlk _VnikeqenkX e e\YqgnR inbqikq]kldXjq odo iqeblikjq i cg_Zobo angko]bo. 3. 8n e\YqgnR e 6oNì_M c_b_ e 2013 Zqc_ JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo cqa_ìnlk iqiknedljol qYHlZq iaoìn `njcocnkqe e 208 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ cla_knk\ qk :Y1lcojljo] «ljkg iqZdnio]» o angkoo «Gods kalpot R“gai!» («
likX id_NokX 6oZl!») 4. Fgo eilR engonjknR iqiknedljo] iaoìn `njcocnkqe e cla_- knk\ Zdnej\b `goklgolb cqdNj\ Y\kX jlqYRqcobqikX o iaqiqY- jqikX qYlialVljo] ojklgliqe o[YognkldlÙgn] odo Zqgqcn. 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo JXS OXMWJ'YCAE Y JXU
W'YCAE! 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG qYliaq`qlj\ Yliagla]kikeljj\b gq- ikqb glenjKoikiòR o jlqjnLoikiòR jnikgqljoU e Gnkeoo. $Nl ikndo ioiklbnkoVliòbo bngKo o clbqjikgnLoo Y\eKoR dl- Zoqjlgqe «Bn;;lj JJ» 16 bngkn e 6oZl, èqkqg\R agojobnMk _Vnikol o cla_knk\ JlUbn Gnkeoo o[ agne]HlU agneokldXikeljjqÙqndoLoo. :;oLondXj\l doLn o g_`qeqcokldo Zqi_cngiken Gnkeoo aqcclg- NoenMk Zlgqo[nLoM dnk\KìqZq dlZoqjn «Bn;;lj JJ» o agoaoi\- enMk lb_ «[nid_Zo» e YqgXYl [n jl[neoiobqikX Gnkeoo. B angdnbljkl Gnkeoo cnNl Zqkqeoki] cq`_bljk q eq[bqNjqb agocnjoo Y\eKob dlZoqjlgnb «Bn;;lj JJ» iknk_in YqgLqe [n ieqYqc_. B 1992 Zqc_ e Bqljjqb b_[ll Z.6oZo qk`g\k o clUike_lk aq ilU cljX [nd e VlikX Kknjcngklj;Mglgn JJ Fdljijlgn /. /dlìnjcg Fdljijlg – jnVndXjò KknYn ZljlgndXjqU ojial`Loo Gnk\KìqZq dlZoqjn, `qbnjcog 43-Zq Zgljnc@gìqZq aqd`n 19-U dn- k\KìqU coeo[oo «Bn;;lj JJ». 0bljjq lb_ Y\do aqcVojlj\ dn- k\Kiòl jnLoikiòl ;qgbogqenjo], `qkqg\l aq lZq agòn[_ dlkqb 1941 Zqcn _Yodo e Gnkeoo bjqZol k\i]Vo ZgnNcnj leglUìqU jnLoq- jndXjqiko, Zdnej\b qYgn[qb NljHoj o clklU. B 1993 Zqc_ e n`kqeqb [ndl +lRjoVlìqZq _joelgioklkn Y\eKlb_ q;oLlg_ dnk\KìqZq cqYgqeqdXVlìqZq dlZoqjn «Bn;;lj JJ» /jc- glM glUbnjoi_ kqgNlikeljjq eg_Vodo 6\LngiòÙglik, ` `qkq- gqb_ qj Y\d aglciknedlj ;Mglgqb eq eglb] qYqgqj\ %_gd]jcìqZq `qkdn, jq `qkqg\U jl ibqZ aqd_VokX eqeglb]. Fgoj]e jnZgnc_, glU- bnjoi qkindMkqend: «nUdX okdlg!» 16 bngkn 1995 Zqcn, e cljX dnk\KìqZq cqYgqeqdXVlìqZq dl- Zoqjn «Bn;;lj JJ», jn gnkìqb `dncYoHl e 6oZl, jn inbqb aq- V@kjqb blikl, _ ì_dXak_g\ 'nklgo Gnkeoo Y\do [nRqgqjlj\ agoel[@jj\l o[ lgbnjoo qiknjò Y\eKlZq ZljlgndXjqZq ojial`- kqgn Gnk\KìqZq dlZoqj Zljlgndn 6_cqdX;n njZlgiòin. XV J3!4 JFG 209 B 1997 Zqc_ e J'0 lgbnjoo gn[gn[odi] ìnjcnd aq aqeqc_ aglciknedljj\R dnkeoUiòb agneokldXikeqb iaoìqe _LldleKoR Nlgke jnLo[bn cd] aqd_Vljo] cljlNjqÙqbaljinLoo. % 120 _[jo- `nb ;nKoikiòR `qjLdnZlglU Gnkeo] cqYneodn 10 000 elklgnjqe dl- Zoqjn «Bn;;lj JJ». 16 bngkn 1998 Zqcn ealge\l e 6oZl Y\dq aqd_Vljq gn[glKljol o agqelc@j bngK elklgnjqe qYloR dnk\KiòR coeo[oU «Bn;;lj JJ». 17 oMj] 1998 Zqcn angdnbljk Gnkeoo agoj]d aqiknjqedljol q agn[cjoVj\R o anb]kj\R cnknR, èqkqgqb iglco agqVlZq Y\dn _V- glNcljn cnkn 16 bngkn, `n` 4ljX anb]ko Gnk\KiòR eqojqe. 8l _coeokldXjq, Vkq jo qcoj o[ e\KlalglVoidljj\R ;n`kqe agq- idnedljo] dlZoqjn «Bn;;lj JJ» jl aqd_Vod qi_Ncljo] iq ikqgqj\ g_`qeqcokldlU Zqi_cngiken Gnkeoo, o aqa\kò `qgoVjleqZq glenj- Ko[bn agqcqdNnMki]. 4ldq cqKdq cq kqZq, Vkq e\iq`qaqiknedljj\l g_`qeqcokldo Zqi_cngiken ago[\enMk VkokX anb]kX dnk\KiòR dl- Zoqjlgqe o cnNl ìdqj]kX alglc jobo Zqdqe_. JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo jl gn[cld]lk aqcqYj\l ago[\e\ o jl iqYognlki] VkokX anb]kX klR, `kq agoi]Znd jn elgjqikX okdlg_ o ikngnkldXjq e\aqdj]d lZq agòn[\. 4n, cd] bjqZoR dnk\KlU kqkndXjn] bqYodo- [nLo] e dlZoqj «Bn;;lj JJ» Y\dn kgnZlcolU, jq aqdoLlUiòl Yn- kndXqj\ e\aqdj]do eqdM ;Mglgn cqYgqeqdXjq o e dlZoqj eik_ando cqYgqeqdXjq. 0b jl bqNlk Y\kX agqHljo]. Fqidl EkqZq jl_coeokldXjq, Vkq 14 iljk]Yg] i.Z. e Z.n_ìl Y\d qk`g\k anb]kjoàqdoLlUiòb `ngnkldXj\b YnkndXqjnb «Bn;;lj JJ», ]`qY\ ignNneKobi] i %gnijqU /gbolU e 1944 Zqc_ agqkoe aq- ekqgjqU q``_anLoo Gnkeoo JJJ6. qgqKq o[elikjq, Vkq aqdoLlUiòl `ngnkldXj\l YnkndXqj\ oiaqdX[qendoiX èngnkldXj\R n`Lo]R Zok- dlgqeiòR jnLoikqe agqkoe angko[nj o bogj\R NokldlU jn klggokq- goo Gnkeoo, ldqg_iioo, 6qiioo o $`gnoj\, e Rqcl `qkqg\R Y\do _Yok\ k\i]Vo bogj\R NokldlU o _joVkqNlj\ cli]kò i@d. FlglVoidljj\l ;n`k\ ieoclkldXike_Mk q kqb, Vkq e Gnkeoo jng_- KnMki] kglYqenjo] g]cn cq`_bljkqe, agoj]k\R ::8 o F/J3. B Vnik- jqiko, e a.4 gl[qdMLoo ::8, agoj]kqU jn 65-U iliioo ljlgndXjqU /iinbYdlo ::8 (2010 Z.), [n `qkqg_M agqZqdqiqendo 118 ikgnj, ìn[njq, Vkq /iinbYdl] «e\gnNnlk Zd_Yq`_M q[nYqVljjqikX aq aqeqc_ agqidne- dljo] jnLoikìqZq ceoNljo] o Y\eKoR Vdljqe qgZnjo[nLoo «Bn;;lj JJ», e kqb Voidl a_k@b iqqg_Nljo] anb]kjòqe o blbqgondqe o agq- elcljo] a_YdoVj\R clbqjikgnLoU e Lld]R agqidnedljo] jnLoikìqZq agqKdqZq, jnLoikìqZq ceoNljo] o jlqjnLo[bn, n kn`Nl aqiglcikeqb qY1]edljo] odo aqa\kq` qY1]eokX knòR Vdljqe o klR, `kq Yqgqdi] agq- 210 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ koe njkoZokdlgqeìqÙqndoLoo o iqkg_cjoVnd i jnLoikiòb ceoNl- jolb, _Vnikjònbo jnLoqjndXjq-qieqYqcokldXj\R ceoNljoU». 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG `nklZqgoVliò qi_NcnMk aqdokò_ agn- e]HoR e Gnkeoo aqdokoVliòR iod, aqa_ikokldXike_MHoR o bqdVn- doeq qcqYg]MHoR ;n`k\ agqidnedljo] jnLoikìqZq glNobn o dlZoqjlgqe «Bn;;lj JJ». '\ aqdjqikXM aqcclgNoenlb cq`_- bljk\ ::8 o F/J3, agoj]k\l aq Ekob eqagqinb o kglY_lb qk JlUbn Gnkeoo, Fgl[ocljkn o FgneokldXiken Gnkeoo agoj]kX oiVlg- a\enMHol blg\ aq jlcqa_HljoM aqcqYjqZq eaglcX, n kn`Nl aq al- gljqi_ anb]kjòn `ngnkldXj\b aqdoLlUiòb YnkndXqjnb e Z.n_ìn jn `dncYoHl e Glikljl. 8nikq]H_M gl[qdMLoM jnagneokX: JlUb_ GnkeoUìqU 6lia_Ydoò Fgl[ocljk_ GnkeoUìqU 6lia_Ydoò FgneokldXike_ GnkeoUìqU 6lia_Ydoò FglcilcnkldM Jqelkn 3egqiqM[n FglcilcnkldM 3egqalUìqZq angdnbljkn ::8 :J3 F/J3 'lNc_jngqcjqU qgZnjo[nLoo «'og Yl[ jnLo[bn» 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo FXSY – JW'X 1EFE$XX! :gZnjo[nLo] aq Yl[qanijqiko o iqkg_cjoVlike_ e 3egqal (:J3) e q;oLondXjqb aoiXbl gnìgokòqendn agoj]k\l JlUbqb Gnkeoo aqagneò ` !n`qj_ q ZgnNcnjikel o ago[endn qkbljokX eil clUike_M- Hol qZgnjoVljo] jn aglcqiknedljol ZgnNcnjiken ikgnj\ clk]b, `q- kqg\l gqcodoiX e Gnkeoo e ilbX]R jlZgnNcnj aqidl 21 neZ_ikn 1991 Zqcn. FoiXbq aqcaoinjq elgRqej\b `qboiingqb :J3 aq eqagqinb jnLbljXKojike %j_kqb BqddlYl`qb. JFG aqdjqikXM aqcclgNoenlk cnjj_M `gokò_. Fgo[\enlb ang- koo agne]HlÙqndoLoo e JlUbl Gnkeoo agoid_KnkXi] ` Zqdqi_ gn- [_bn o iagnelcdoeqiko, agqcqdNokX e JlUbl qYi_Ncljol EkqZq eqagqin, _VlikX e\ìn[njj_M `qboiingqb :J3 `gokò_. 4lko – jnKl Y_c_Hll! 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn XV J3!4 JFG 211 OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo G JW'YA YC1YOWSXKBA 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG aqdqNokldXjq qLljoenMk iqkg_cjoVl- ikeq e iqiknel qY1lcojljo] „ljkg iqZdnio]” o iVoknMk, Vkq JFG cqdNjn _VnikeqenkX e e\YqgnR inbq_agnedljoU e 2013 Zqc_ e iq- iknel qY1lcojljo] J. JlZqcj] e gn[doVj\R inbq_agnedljo]R Gnkeoo gnYqknMk 15 cl- a_knkqe-iqLondoikqe. +n`qZq YqdXKqZq aglcikneokldXiken jòqZcn gnjll jl Y\dq. '\ oclb e oiaqdjokldXj_M ednikX eaqdjl qiq[jnjjq, VkqY\ Zq- kqeokX `ncg\, oblkX eq[bqNjqikX edo]kX jn glKljol iqLondXj\R, Rq[]Uikeljj\R, ÈqjqboVliòR agqYdlb jn aqdX[_ `nNcqZq Nokld] iqqkelkike_MHlZq inbq_agnedljo]. Fgoblgqb agneodXjqiko kn`qU aqdokoò bqZ_k id_NokX Z. 6oZn o Z. 6l[l`jl. 'Egqb 6oZo o[Ygnj 8od $Kn`qe – doclg qY1lcojljo] „ljkg iq- Zdnio]”, e iqiknèqkqgqZq eRqcok JFG. Fdqcqkeqgjq elc@ki] gnYqkn o e Z. 6l[l`jl, Zcl bEgqb o[Ygnj /dlìnjcg ngknKleoV, n eoLl- bEgqb iqLondoik /jcglU 6lKlkjòqe – qYn o[ «ljkgn iqZdnio]». B 6oNìqU c_bl JFG obllk 6 cla_knkqe. :Y1lcojljoM „ljkg iqZdnio]”, jnRqc]iX e aqdqNljoo agne]- HlU iod\, _cndqiX icldnkX bjqZql. B 6oNìqU c_bl agqeqcoki] aqdokòn, e qijqel `qkqgqU dlNnk iqLondXj\l Lljjqiko, Zcl Zdne- j\b agoqgoklkqb ]ed]lki] Vldqel` – goNnjoj i lZq j_Ncnbo o [n- Yqknbo. B _idqeo]R Zd_Yq`qZq ÈqjqboVlìqZq `go[oin e Zqi_cngikel _cn- dqiX iqRgnjokX iqLondXj_M iknYodXjqikX e Zqgqcl. B qkcldXj\l bli]L\ j_NcnMHobi] goNnjnb e\adnVoendqiX Yqdll 80 k\i]V iqLondXj\R aqiqYoU. \do aqikgqlj\ jqe\l bjq- Zqèngkogj\l cqbn, qkglbqjkogqenj\ YqdXjoL\ o aqdòdojoò, eelclj Yliadnkj\U agql[c jn qYHlikeljjqb kgnjiaqgkl cd] jlgn- YqknMHoR aljioqjlgqe o K`qdXjòqe. 8n glbqjk o gljqenLoM K`qd o clkiòR incqe [n kgo Zqcn Y\dq o[gniRqcqenjq 74 bdj. dnkqe. kq inb\l YqdXKol ojelikoLoo e qYgn[qenkldXj_M oj;gnikg_`k_g_ [n eil Zqc\ jl[neoiobqiko Gnkeoo. 6oZ_ e agqKdqb Zqc_ aqilkodq Yqdll 1,2 bdj. k_goikqe. 8nVndniX glndo[nLo] agqZgnbb\ glbqjkn ej_kgoèngkndXj\R cqgqZ, gniiVoknjjn] jn 5 dlk o ojelikoLoo e gn[- blgl 15 bdj. dnkqe. 212 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ 'qNjq _kelgNcnkX, Vkq cljXZo jndqZqadnkldXHòqe kgnk]ki] gn- [_bjq o Lldljnagnedljjq. %nàq`n[\enMk iqLoqdqZoVliòl qagqi\, goNnjl Ekq eoc]k o qLljoenMk aqdqNokldXjq. FgoYdoNnMki] e\Yqg\ e blikj\l inbq_agnedljo] Gnkeoo. 6n[_- bllki], jnKo aglce\Yqgj\l agqZgnbb\ aq `nNcqb_ inbq_agnedl- joM Y_c_k qkdoVnkXi] gn[doVj\bo [ncnVnbo EkqZq inbq_agnedljo], jq qjo Y_c_k jnLldlj\ jn glKljol iqLondXj\R eqagqiqe, _d_VKljol oj;gnikg_`k_g\, blcoLojìqZq qYid_Noenjo], q`n[njol aqbqHo oj- endocnb o iq[cnjol jqe\R gnYqVoR blik, _d_VKljol qYid_Noenjo] K`qdXjòqe o glKljol bqdqc@Nj\R agqYdlb. 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG qYgnHnMki] ò[Yognkld]b i ago[\eqb qkcnkX ieqU Zqdqi klb aqdokoVliòb iodnb, `qkqg\l jn cldl, n jl jn idqenR ikne]k ojklgli\ qYHliken e\Kl iqYikeljjqU e\Zqc\, `kq _Nl cq`n[nd, Vkq iaqiqYlj _d_VKokX o qYdlZVokX No[jX dMclU. 0[Ylglb cla_knkqe, agoqgoklkqb cd] `qkqg\R ]ed]Mki] iqLo- ndXjn] [nHokn jnildljo], qiqYljjq bjqZqclkj\R ilblU, bndqob_- HoR o aqNod\R dMclU, iq[cnjol gnYqVoR blik, [nYqkn q bqdqclNo, ijoNljol Yl[gnYqkoL\, iq[cnjol _idqeoU cd] jqgbndXjqU No[jo e Zqgqcl o jn ildl! qdqi_Ukl [n `njcocnkqe e cla_knk\ qk „ljkgn iqZdnio]” – [n `njcocnkqe qk JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo! 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo U1OW$XJYX G OW1U;YA Y GOXQSBJWA KWSMYY 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG qYgnHnMki] ` gnYqVob òglikX]jnb, g_`nbòqkqg\R iq[cnendoiX o iq[cnMki] eil bnklgondXj\l YdnZn Gnkeoo. %kq, `n` jl e\, kg_Nljoò ildn o Zqgqcn, qH_Hnlkl jn ilYl aq- idlcikeo] kqÙgobojndXjqU « agoRenko[nLoo», gn[ZgnYdljo] o gn[- Yn[ngoenjo] jngqcjqRq[]UikeljjqZq `qbadlìn ikgnj\, `qkqgql agqeqcodqiX aqc [jnbljnbo oclU «ieqYqc\ o jnLoqjndXjqU jl[n- eoiobqiko». +lR inb\R oclU, `qkqg\l èqjlVjqb iVlkl agoeldo jnK_ ikgnj_ È`qjqboVlìqb_ `gnR_, aqdjqU [neoiobqiko qk blNc_- jngqcj\R ojelikqgqe o Ynj`qe, Zd_YqVnUKlb_ gnìqd_ e qYHlikel. 6nYqVol Gnkeoo! JlZqcj]Kj]] ednikX gn[g_Kodn o gniagqcndn aglcago]ko], jn `qkqg\R e\ gnYqkndo, gn[cgqYodn o gnìqdqdn enK_ Zdnej_M iod_ – iadqVljj\l bjqZqk\i]Vj\l `qddl`koe\. Jl- XV J3!4 JFG 213 Zqcj]Kj]] agneq-jnLoqjndXjn] ednikX icldndn eil cd] kqZq, VkqY\ e\ eblikl iq ieqobo ilbX]bo jneilZcn _l[Nndo o[ Gnkeoo e aqoìnR d_VKlU No[jo. 8nc klbo Nl, `kq qikndi] e ieqlU ikgnjl, aqikq]jjq eoiok Zdnej\U YoV gnYqVlZq `dniin – Yl[gnYqkoLn, iknYodXjq agl- e\KnMHn] qkblk`_ e 11%, aglegnHnMHn] eni e Yliagnej\R jn- lbj\R gnYqkjòqe, jl_elgljj\R e [nekgnKjlb cjl – e eq[bqNjqiko agq`qgbokX ieqM ilbXM, qYlialVokX qYgn[qenjol ieqob clk]b, cq- ikqUj_M ikngqikX ikngònb-gqcokld]b. %glikX]jl glia_Ydoò! J jnVndn 90-R Zqcqe eni _elg]Mk e kqb, Vkq ildXìql Rq[]Uikeq likX qcoj o[ enNjlUKoR agoqgoklkqe Gnk- eoo. :cjn`q qVleocjq, Vkq ednikX aglclgNnHol bqZ_k aqReniknkXi] doKX _joVkqNljolb gljknYldXj\R `qddl`koej\R iqelkiòR Rq- []Uike, n kn`Nl aqdjqU jliaqiqYjqikXM qkiknoenkX ÈqjqboVliòl ojklgli\ dnkeoUiòR `glikX]j e 3egqalUìqb JqM[l. 8o qcjq agn- eokldXikeq [n agqKlcKol 20 dlk jl ibqZdq iqikneokX agqc_bnjj\U, ÈqjqboVliò qYqijqenjj\U adnj gn[eoko] ildXìqZq Rq[]Uiken Gnkeoo. 8n ;qjl ;n`koVlìqZq _Zninjo] ildXiòR glZoqjqe, qiq- Yljjq GnkZndoo, id\Kj\ doKX gn[ZdnZqdXikeqenjo] o klqglkoVl- iòl, joVlb jl aqc`gladljj\l aqik_dnk\ bojoiklgiòR cqbqgqHlj- j\R «Eìalgkqe». 6nYqVol òglikX]jl Gnkeoo! FlgliknjXkl bogokXi] i Z_YokldX- j\b cd] jnKlU glia_Ydoò o enKoR ilblÙ_giqb! :gZnjo[_UkliX e agq;iqM[\ o e qkgnidle\l qgZnjo[nLoo! :kiknoenUkl ieqo agnen, oiaqdX[_] [n`qjj\l n`Loo agqklikn – knòl, `qkqg\l oiaqdX[_Mk kg_c]Holi] bjqZoR ikgnj 3egqa\. FqcclgNoenUkl o eik_anUkl e g]c\ JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo! 8nKn angko], jn agqk]Nljoo eilZq ieqlZq i_Hlikeqenjo], aqidlcqenkldXjq qkiknoendn jlqYRqcobqikX iq[cnjo] o ejlcgljo] glndXjq clUike_MHoR Zqi_cngikeljj\R `qbadlìj\R agqZgnbb gn[- eoko] agqb\KdljjqZq il`kqgn Èqjqboò, Zqi_cngikeljj\R agq- Zgnbb aqcclgNò `qqalgnLoo ildXìqZq Rq[]Uiken o gn[eoko] nZgqagqb\KdljjqZq `qbadlìn. 6nYqVol òglikX]jl Gnkeoo! qgokliX [n d_VK_M No[jX e ieqlU ikgnjl! +qdX`q qk jni i enbo [neoiok, `n`qU qjn Y_clk! 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Z. 214 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ OXCUK0:YB XV i1l[cn JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo 9UQHUFW, FEAW?SX U K0FB,, U QMUX? QSOWJX! 4ldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG e\gnNnMk q[nYqVljjqikX klb, Vkq e Gnkeoo agqcqdNnlk _R_cKnkXi] iqLondXjn] [nHokn Zqi_cngikeqb ieqlZq jnildljo]: cqgqNnlk o iknjqeoki] jlcqik_aj\b aqdjqLlj- jql blcoLojìql qYid_Noenjol, qalgnLoo; YlìqjkgqdXjq cqgq- NnMk dl`ngiken; `nVlikeljjn] blcoLojìn] aqbqHX qkcnd]lki] qk jnildljo], eq bjqZoR bliknR (qiqYljjq jn ildl) jlk qYHlikelj- jqZq kgnjiaqgkn, VkqY\ cqYgnkXi] cq YqdXjoL odo ;ldXcKlgiòR a_j`kqe. 0[-[n aqikq]jjqZq gqikn Llj jn Ylj[oj o co[ldXjql kqa- doeq cqgqNnlk agql[c e qYHlikeljjqb kgnjiaqgkl. B gl[_dXknkl EkqZq _R_cKnlki] o qYHll iqikq]jol [cqgqeX] jnildljo]. GMco jlieqleglbljjq qYgnHnMki] [n blcoLojìqU aqbqHXM, Yqdl[jo [na_ìnMki]. B kq Nl eglb] 'ojoiklgikeq [cgneqqRgnjljo] YqdXKl ejobnjo] _cld]lk aqoì_ agoVoj, VkqY\ `n`_M-kq `nklZq- goM dMclU jl dlVokX, Vlb aqoì_ a_klU _d_VKljo] blcoLojìqU aqbqHo e Lldqb. FgneokldXikeq Gnkeoo jnRqcok cljXZo jn ;ojnjiogqenjol VlZq _Zqcjq (cqadnk\ o aglboò [ngadnkl Vojqejònb, _eldoVljol gni- Rqcqe jn bodokngoikiòl Lldo, ikgqokldXikeq ncbojoikgnkoej\R [cnjoU), jq jl jn blcoLoj_. 'lcoLojn o[ ZqiYMcNlkn aqd_Vnlk kqdX`q 3,08 agqLljkn qk BBF, Vkq jnaqdqeoj_ bljXKl, Vlb e iglc- jlb aq 3egqalUìqb_ JqM[_. 0[-[n jo[òR [ngadnk blcoLojiòl gn- Yqkjoò _l[NnMk gnYqknkX [n ZgnjoL_. 8oHljiòbo aqcnV`nbo ikndo e\adnk\ aqiqYoU bnklg]b o bjq- Zqclkj\b ilbX]b. J _V@kqb qYHlZq ÈqjqboVlìqZq iqikq]jo] jn- gqcjqZq Rq[]Uiken YqgXYn [n _d_VKljol clbqZgn;oVlìqU iok_nLoo e Zqi_cngikel aglegnkodniX e a_ik\l ;gn[\ aqdokòqe agne]HlU aqdokoVlìqU Edok\, n glndXjn] iok_nLo] kn`qen, Vkq Gnkeo] [njo- bnlk aqidlcjll blikq iglco 27 Zqi_cngike 3egqalUìqZq JqM[n aq Void_ clklU jn qcj_ NljHoj_. GMco jl eoc]k eq[bqNjqiko iq[cnkX jqgbndXj\l _idqeo] cd] aqkqbiken: qYlialVokX [cqgqeql, aqdjq- Lljjql aoknjol, blcoLojìql qYid_Noenjol, cnkX RqgqKll qYgn[q- enjol, `qkqgql kqdX`q e Jnkelgibl [jnVoki] Yliadnkj\b, n jn cldl adnkjql o aqikq]jjq cqgqNnlk. 8oHljike_lk YqdXKojikeq aljioqjlgqe, aqd_Vn] aljioM joNl agqNokqVjqZq _gqej], `qkqg\U aqikq]jjq gnik@k o cqikoZ _Nl 155 dnkqe. Fljioqjlgnb qk`n[njq e ojclìnLoo aljioU cq 2015 Zqcn. XV J3!4 JFG 215 FqVko 1 boddongc dnkqe aljioqjjqZq ;qjcn Zqi_cngikeqb agqkoeq- [n`qjjq aqkgnVlj jn aq`g\kol cg_ZoR gniRqcqe. ko cljXZo jl eq[- egnHlj\ aljioqjlgnb. 8l _d_VKnlki] aqdqNljol ojendocqe, e adqRqb iqikq]joo jnRq- c]ki] bjqZol cqbn ojendocqe, glnYodoknLoqjj\l _VglNcljo]. 8l obllk cqiknkqVjqU iqLondXjqU [nHok\ bqdqc@NX. Jglco bq- dqc@No inbn] e\iq`n] Yl[gnYqkoLn, qiqYljjq e GnkZndoo. Bi@ Ekq agoeqcok ` kqb_, Vkq o[ Gnkeoo e aqoìnR gnYqk\ o ian- iljo] qk joHljiken agqcqdNnMk e\l[NnkX jn [ngnYqkò [n ZgnjoL_ l@ Nokldo inbqZq ÈqjqboVliò n`koejqZq eq[gnikn. FlVndXjq, jq e Zqi_cngikel jòkq jl [jnlk, ìqdX`q kqVjq dMclU _lRndq jn gnYqk_ o No[jX [n ZgnjoL_. Fq]ed]Mki] cli]kò aqi@d`qe, `qkqg\l klg]Mk ieqU iknk_i o[-[n qki_kikeo] NokldlU. !n`g\enMki] K`qd\ o[-[n qk- i_kikeo] _Vljòqe. '\, cldlZnk\ XV i1l[cn JFG, qYgnHnlbi] ` JlUb_ Gnkeoo, Fgl- [ocljk_ o FgneokldXike_ i jnikq]kldXj\b kglYqenjolb agoj]kX eil eq[bqNj\l o jlqYRqcob\l blg\ aq oiagnedljoM iok_nLoo, agl`gn- kokX [njobnkXi] clbnZqZolU o a_ik\bo qYlHnjo]bo, iqiknedljolb YliiqclgNnkldXj\R adnjqe jnLoqjndXjqZq gn[eoko] o _kqaoVliòR qYlHnjoU, Vkq alglRqc jn legq iani@k GnkeoM. 6nYqknkX jncq aq- ojqb_, n jl NcnkX, Vkq g\jqVjn] o kljlen] Èqjqboò, eqgqeikeq, `qgg_aLo] o aqdokoVlìn] Yl[qkelkikeljjqikX agne]HlU aqdokoVl- ìqU Edok\ Zqi_cngiken inbo aq ilYl oiagne]k aqdqNljol. qiaqcn, qZd]jokliX eq`g_Z ilY], aqibqkgokl, Vkq jn inbqb cldl agqoiRqcok i GnkeolU! FlgliknjXkl oìnkX jldq]dXj\R o eojokX eq ei@b jlZgnNcnj, aq- ibqkgokl jn ilY], jn kq, `nè\ elc@kl Rq[]Uikeq e Zqi_cngikel, `n` gniagqcnMki] [lbd], dlin, Yqdqkn o q[@gn ojqikgnjLnb. $V@kn eilZq agqcnjjqZq o gn[Yn[ngljjqZq kqNl e Zqi_cngikel jlk. FqVlb_ jlk? BlcX jn jnKo cljXZo – cljXZo jndqZqadnkldXHòqe: ZgnNcnj o jlZgnNcnj Gnkeoo – iqclgNokl ei@ gn[Y_RnMHoU naangnk Zqi_cngik- eljj\R b_NlU, n ikgnjn joHnlk o e\bognlk. 3ido e\ ankgoqk\, doèocog_Ukl eil Eko jlcqiknkò, Vnikq Zgn- joVnHol i aglik_adljo]bo o cnNl obo ]ed]MHoli]! 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn 216 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ QUQSWM OEGUMUFB$Y, UO9WJUM QU:YWKYQSY;XQGU? HWOSYY KWSMYY, o[Ygnjj\R jn XV i1l[cl JFG 20 q`k]Yg] 2012 Zqcn HOWMKXJYX QHK 6_Yoì /dX;glc – FglcilcnkldX JFG _gdn`c 0jZngi – [nblikokldX aglcilcnkld] JFG gqdqe Bdncobog – [nblikokldX aglcilcnkld] JFG goikqdMYqe JlgZlU – [nblikokldX aglcilcnkld] JFG ldq`_gqen 0jjn 0enjqe 0enj `qedlen 3dljn GWJFYFWS2 M ;KXJ2 HOWMKXJYB QHK !nULle /dlìlU %g_Zdqe BndlgoU 6_Yoì 6nUbqjc OXMYCYUJJWB GUAYQQYB QHK `Kkn 0jjn - aglcilcnkldX /jkqjqe /jnkqdoU Gn[nglen 8nkndo] 'oRnUdqen 8nkndX] Fnedqen 0jZn :+ J3!4/ 4: J3!4/ 217 YC FUGEAXJSUM HWOSYY, HOYJBS2, AX!FE XV Y XVI QXCFWAY QHK C=6(8 D8 H*=6(8 D Q5D=(D/3D8/5 =*3DD K=36DD JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] GnkeoònklZqgoVliò qi_Ncnlk aq[o- LoM bojoikgn YdnZqiqikq]jo] Gnkeoo Z-N\ 0d[\ Boj`ldl aq gn[cl- dljoM aljioqjlgqe jnKlU ikgnj\ jn «agneodXj\R o jlagneodXj\R», klR, `kq obllk agneq aglkljcqenkX jn cqikqUj_M aljioM o klR, `kq EkqZq jl [nid_Nod. kn aq[oLo] ]ed]lki] joVlb oj\b, `nàqckelg- Ncljolb jlagq;liioqjndo[bn iq ikqgqj\ bojoikgn. Fljioqjlg\ iqelkìqZq algoqcn Vlikjq o inbqqkelgNljjq gn- Yqkndo jn YdnZq Gnkeoo, eqiiknjnedoen] gn[g_Kljjql eqUjqU jn- gqcjql Rq[]Uikeq, o iq[cndo cd] ikgnj\ eil kq, Vkq agqcqdNnMk, jn agqk]Nljoo _Nl 20 dlk, «agoRenko[ogqenkX» o gn[eqgqe\enkX j_eq- goKo. B iqelkìql eglb] Eko aljioqjlg\ adnkodo eil jndqZo, kn` `n` kqZcn qk EkqZq jòkq jl bqZ qk`dqjokXi]. :Y][njjqikX bojoikgn – jnUko, `_cn agqando aljioqjj\l iglc- iken iqelkìqZq algoqcn, `kq ònòb iaqiqYqb oR _`gnd, `_cn cldoiX cljXZo qk agoenko[nLoòg_aj\R aglcago]koU, qYlHnjj\l aljioq- jlgnb, `_cn cldi] aqVko boddongc dnkqe, jn`qadljj\U e aljioqj- jqb ;qjcl Gnkeoo cq 2009 Z., o e\adnVljj\U e Zqi_cngikeljj_M `nii_ i _idqeolb eq[egnkn aljioqjlgnb? JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo aqcclgNoenlk aq[oLoM lcl- gnLoo aljioqjlgqe Gnkeoo aq Ekqb_ eqagqi_ o agoiqlcoj]lki] ` kglYqenjoM qY qkiknèl Z-N\ 0d[l Boj`ldl i aqikn bojoikgn. '\ kn`Nl jncllbi], Vkq aglbXlg-bojoikg Gnkeoo Bndcoi 4qbYgqeiòi aqkglY_lk aqdokoVlìqU qkelkikeljjqiko Z-N\ 0d[l Boj`ldl, _eqdoe ll i aqikn bojoikgn YdnZqiqikq]jo] Gnkeoo. +qdX`q kn`ql glKljol 218 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ Y\dq Y\ Vlikj\b o iagnelcdoe\b aq qkjqKljoM ` jlqYqijqenjjq qYoNljj\b iqkj]b k\i]V aljioqjlgqe jnKlU ikgnj\. FglcilcnkldX JFG, 4la_knk 3egqangdnbljkn /dX;glc 6_Yoì 16 jq]Yg] 2012 Z. JUMU9UFJXX HUCFOWMKXJYX JWOUFE KWSMYY 4qgqZol iqqklVlikeljjoò! gnNcnjl o jlZgnNcnjl Gnkeoo! 8nik_anlk 2013 Zqc. 4d] YqdXKojiken jnildljo] Gnkeoo qj ikn- jlk Zqcqb YqgXY\ i joHlkqU, Zqcqb aqoìn oikqVjòqe cd] qadnk\ ei@ cqgqNnMHoR `qbb_jndXj\R _id_Z, qYgn[qenjo] o blcoLojìqU aqbqHo. 4d] qZgqbjqU ngboo Yl[gnYqkj\R Gnkeoo qj qiknjlki] egl- bljlb aqoìn gnYqk\ o jnclNc, Vkq Zcl-joY_cX qk`gqlki] jqeql agqo[eqcikeq o bqNjq Y_clk jnUko oikqVjoì_Hlikeqenjo], jl e\- l[Nn] o[ ikgnj\. 6qik Èqjqboò, lido elgokX Lo;gnb iknkoikoò, clUikeokldXjq obllki], jq qj jl kn`qU, `qkqg\U bqNlk aglqYgn[okX ` d_VKlb_ No[jX ei@ Yqdll joHnMHlZq o klg]MHlZq [cqgqeXl jnildljo] Gnk- eoo. 'jqZol Nokldo Gnkeoo jl qH_HnMk agoRqcn YdnZqaqd_Vo] e ieqoR `qKldX`nR, n qH_HnMk ei@ cqgqNnMH_M No[jX, jn qadnk_ `q- kqgqU jlk cljlZ. B EkoR _idqeo]R jlagq;liioqjndo[b, k_an] jljn- eoikX òikqgoo ieqlU ikgnj\, eocobq, aqY_codo bojoiklgK_ YdnZqiqikq]jo] Gnkeoo [n]eokX, Vkq j\jlKjol aljioqjlg\ Gnkeoo jl [ngnYqkndo cqikqUj\l aljioo, bqd, gnYqkndo jn cg_Z_M ikgnj_. 0 Ekq Zqeqgok Zqi_cngikeljj\U cl]kldX, `qkqg\U aq cqdZ_ id_NY\ qY][nj [nYqkokXi] q YdnZqiqikq]joo jnildljo], e kqb Voidl alj- ioqjlgqe. / aljioqjlg\ Gnkeoo – inb\l joHol eq ei@b 3egqalU- ìqb JqM[l. Fgo ei@b Nldnjoo b\ jl bqNlb icldnkX cg_ZoR e\eqcqe o[ njn- do[n iqLondXjqZq o ÈqjqboVlìqZq aqdqNljo] ikgnj\ ènj_j jq- eqZq 2013 Zqcn. 0 ei@ Nl likX ilgX@[j\U aqeqc, c_bn] q Y_c_Hlb,jl klg]kX qa- kobo[bn. B 2013 Zqc_ agqUc_k e\Yqg\ cla_knkqe inbq_agnedljoU Gnkeoo. 0bljjq inbq_agnedljo] ikq]k YdoNl eilZq àqeilcjlej\b j_Ncnb jngqcn. 0[YgnkX cqikqUj\R cla_knkqe inbq_agnedljoU, [n- id_NoenMHoR cqelgo] o _enNljo] – Ekq [ncnVn klR, `kq aqUclk ò[- YognkldXj\b ]Hònb qa_ìnkX iaoiò `njcocnkqe e cla_knk\. :+ J3!4/ 4: J3!4/ 219 4_bnUkl, jl qKoYokliX! 20 dlk Y\dq cqiknkqVjq, VkqY\ _[jnkX, `kq VlZq cqikqlj: `kq – cqelgo] o o[Ygnjo] e cla_knk\, n `qZq o Ydo[`q ` _agnedljoM aqi@d`qb, Zqgqcqb, `gnlb aqca_ìnkX jldX[]. B\ elcX eilR [jnlkl! 4lUike_Ukl ibldq o glKokldXjq. 0bljjq enK iagnelcdoe\U e\Yqg o likX ielk èqjLl k_jjld], `qkqgqZq eil Nc_k! ldnlb `nNcqb_ e Y_c_Hlb Zqc_ qclgNnkX `n`_M-kq aqYlc_ e YqgXYl i klb, Vkq qbgnVnlk enK_ No[jX! ldnlb eilb RqgqKlZq [cqgqeX], elg\ e d_VKol eglbljn o Nl- dnjo] agoYdo[okX Ekq Y_c_Hll n`koejqU No[jljjqU aq[oLolU, ikglbdljolb ` kg_c_, aqbqHo o aqcclgN`l cg_Z cg_Zn! J jnik_anMHob 8qe\b, 2013 Zqcqb! FglcilcnkldX JFG, 4la_knk 3egqangdnbljkn /dX;glc 6_Yoì 20 cl`nYg] 2012 Zqcn HOYMXSQSMYX E;WQSJYGWA X!X9UFJU? MQSOX;Y 12M'Y, ECJYGUM JW:YQSQGY, GUJ:KW9XOX? 11 WHOXKB 2013 9UFW 4qgqZol kqengoHo! Bil cndXKl qk jni _Rqcok eqUjn, o eni, Noe\R qVleocLle [dq- cl]joU ZokdlgqeiòR [nRenkVòqe o oR blikj\R agoialKjòqe, ikn- jqeoki] eil bljXKl. 0 ejqeX e\ iqYlglkliX eq[dl JndniaodiìqZq blbqgondn aq- VkokX boj_kqU bqdVnjo] cli]kò k\i]V [elgiò [nb_Vljj\R [cliX dMclU iq eilU 3egqa\ – g_iiòR, dnk\KlU, leglle, Yldqg_iqe… !n- b_Vljj\R ago ag]bqb _Vnikoo klR `qddnYqgnLoqjoikqe, aqkqbò `q- kqg\R aq ilU cljX e\jnKoenMk adnj\ `qgoVjleqZq glenjKn, a\knMki] alglaoinkX oikqgoM, qYdokX Zg][XM iqelkìql agqKdql o %gnij_M /gboM, qieqYqcoeK_M bog qk `qgoVjleqU V_b\! JlZqcj]KjoU cljX Y\d Y\ kqdX`q cjlb ìqgYo o anb]ko, lido Y\ glenjKoikìn] [ngn[n jl cnendn q ilYl [jnkX. $iknjqèn anb]k- jòqe aqdoLn]b – aglcnjj\b Rqd_]b ZokdlgqeLle, k.j. «jngqcj\l kgoY_jnd\», Yl[jn`n[njjq _ZgqNnMHol gniagneqU cla_knknb JlUbn G6, lNlZqcj\l blgqago]ko] _ anb]kjòn JeqYqc\, aqie]- Hljj\l anb]ko klR, `kq ikq]d aqc [jnbljnbo jnLoikìqU lgbnjoo, cnend agoi]Z_ okdlg_, – eil Ekq Zqeqgok q kqb, Vkq ;nKo[b jl aq- YlNclj q`qjVnkldXjq! kq Zqeqgok q kqb, Vkq eil b\, dMco cqYgqU 220 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ eqdo, cqdNj\ iadqkokXi] eq ob] [nHok\ oikqgoVlìqU agnec\, jl cqa_ikokX aqekqgljo] eldoVnUKlU kgnZlcoo XX el`n! 4qgqZol kqengoHo! _cXkl b_Nlikeljj\ e Ekq kg_cjql cd] eilR jni eglb]! FlglcnenUkl ieqo eqiaqbojnjo] jqeqb_ aq`qdljoM, agoeoenUkl lb_ V_eiken Ygnkiken, ojklgjnLoqjndo[bn, aqg]cqVjqiko o Vldq- elVjqiko! 4la_knkìn] Zg_aan JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo (;gn`Lo] «ljkg JqZdnio]») XI JlUbn Gnkeoo /gk_g 6_Yoì 6nUbqjc 6_Yoì 0ZqgX !_le 6oZn, 11 nagld] 2013 Zqcn HOYMXSQSMYX MXSXOWJWA MXKYGU? USX;XQSMXJJU? MU?J2, QUMXSQGYA HWOSYCWJWA Y SOE!XJYGWA S2KW 4qgqZol ;gqjkqeoò, iqelkiòl angko[nj\ o kg_Nljoò k\dn Jq- elkìqZq JqM[n! FgqKdq 68 dlk i kqZq anb]kjqZq cj] 9 bn] 1945 Zqcn, `qZcn Zok- dlgqeìn] lgbnjo] aqcaoindn n`k q Yl[qZqeqgqVjqÙnaok_d]Loo. B\gqido jqe\l aq`qdljo] dMclU, _Kdo o[ No[jo boddoqj\ Zl- gqoVliòR _Vnikjòqe, klR, `kq qYlialVoend aqYlc_ iqelkìqZq jn- gqcn e ie]HljjqU eqUjl jnKlU 6qcoj\ – JJJ6 agqkoe ;nKoikiòR [nRenkVòqe jn ;gqjknR , e angko[njiòR qkg]cnR o e k\d_. 8ngqc\ bogn ijqen o ijqen i YdnZqcngjqikXM ìdqj]Mk Zqdqe\ alglc ielk- dqU anb]kXM _Vnikjòqe ZlgqoVlìqU Yoke\ i jljneoikj\b egnZqb VldqelVliken – Zokdlgqeiòb ;nKo[bqb. BnK aqceoZ Y_clk NokX elVjq! Bni – Noe\R _Vnikjòqe klR ignNljoU - iknjqeoki] ei@ bljXKl o bljXKl. 8q gnik_k jqe\l aq`qdljo]. 0 [ncnVn eilR jni, eilR agqZgliioej\R iod bogn ilZqcj] iqikqok e kqb, VkqY\ agqkoeqikq- ]kX iodnb glenjKo[bn, jlq;nKo[bn, eqojike_MHlZq jnLoqjn- do[bn o ikglbdljo] idlaokX qYgn[ jleojj\R Nlgke bogqeqU kgnZlcoo o[ klR, `kq iaqiqYikeqend jnLoiknb jn q``_aogqenjj\R ZokdlgqeìqU lgbnjolU klggokqgo]R 3egqa\ o JJJ6, agòg\en- ]iX jnièq[X e\b\Kdljj\bo, dNoe\bo klqgo]bo q, ]`qY\, :+ J3!4/ 4: J3!4/ 221 «YqgXYl [n jl[neoiobqikX». : `n`qU jl[neoiobqiko bqZdn ocko glVX, lido okdlg qaglcldod, Vkq jl Y_clk jo Gnkeoo, jo Goke\, jo ikqjoo, Vkq Y_clk eblikq joR agqeojLo] :ikdnjc? 8l e\Uclk, Zqi- aqcn glenjKoik\ o jnLoqjndoik\, jljneoc]Hol ieqoR iqilclU, dMclU cg_ZqU jnLoqjndXjqiko! :Ybnj jl _cniki]! qgXYn i Ekob [dqb o qanijqikXM eq[gqNcljo] jnLo[bn o ;n- Ko[bn likX n`k_ndXjn] [ncnVn cd] eilR Vlikj\R dMclU jn adnjlkl. B Ekqb eocok ieqM qijqej_M n`k_ndXj_M [ncnV_ o JqLondoikoVl- ìn] angko] Gnkeoo. BlVjn] idnen eilb, `kq qYlialVod aqYlc_ jnc jnLo[bqb o ;n- Ko[bqb e ie]HljjqU eqUjl agqkoe ZokdlgqeìqU lgbnjoo o l@ in- klddokqe eq BkqgqU bogqeqU eqUjl! kq jl cqdNjq aqekqgokXi] jo èn`qb eocl! J agn[cjòqb – i 4j@b FqYlc\ 9 bn] 1945 Zqcn!Fgnedljol JFG 9 bn] 2013 Zqcn E;WQSJYGWA MQSOX;Y MXSXOWJUM MXKYGU? USX;XQSMXJJU? MU?J2 JW GEO9WJX FOE!12 6-7 Y0KB 2013 9UFW $enNnlb\l elklgnj\ BldòqU :klVlikeljjqU eqUj\, iqelkiòl angko[nj\ o kg_Nljoò k\dn! Fgnedljol JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo agoelkike_lk eilR _Vnikjòqe qVlglcjqU eikglVo jn %_gZnjl angko[njìqU 4g_NY\! 4g_NYn jngqcqe, [ngqcoeKn]i] e iqelkìqb qYHlikel o ìgla- d@jjn] `gqeXM e Yq]R i jljneoikj\bo jlblL`q-;nKoikiòbo [n- RenkVònbo e Zqc\ [nHok\ ieqlZq :klVliken, Y\dn, likX o Y_clk agqVj\b ;_jcnbljkqb e[nobqqkjqKljoU blNc_ dMcXbo o Zqi_- cngikenbo njkoZokdlgqeìqÙqndoLoo. kn cg_NYn cq`n[ndn ieq@ cqdZqdlkol. JeoclkldXikeqb kqb_ ]ed]lki] o j\jlKj]], 55-] eikglVn jn %_gZnjl 4g_NY\. !n oikl`Kol Zqc\ agqo[qKdq bjqZq iqY\koU: jl ikndq Jqelk- ìqZq JqM[n, _Kdo o[ No[jo elklgnj\ BldòqU :klVlikeljjqU eqUj\, iqelkiòl angko[nj\ o inbqqkelgNljj\l kg_Nljoò k\dn. kq YdnZqcng] oR bniiqeqb_ Zlgqo[b_ o inbqkelgNljjqb_ kg_c_, Yl[[nelkjqb_ id_NljoM 6qcojl o dMYeo ìeqlU :kVo[jl, LljqU qZ- gqbj\R Nlgke, aqklgX o ikgncnjoU iqklj boddoqjqe dMclU Y\dn qclgNnjn aqYlcn cqYgn jnc [dqb. +q Y\dn aqYlcn jnc [dlUKob egnZqb eilZq VldqelVliken – jnLo[bqb o ;nKo[bqb. 222 JFG: 0J+:60 B 4:%$'38+/ kq qY][nj\ [jnkX o aqbjokX eq eilR ikgnjnR o jn eilR `qjkojlj- knR kl, `qb_ cqgqZo ieqYqcn, iagnelcdoeqikX, bog o YdnZqaqd_Vol Vl- dqelVlìqZq qYHliken jn !lbdl. kq cqdNj\ jneilZcn [naqbjokX o kl, `qb_ q`n[ndqiX bndq ZoZnjkiòR gn[g_KljoU, jlobqelgj\R Vldq- elVliòR ikgncnjoU, boddoqjqe [nZ_Ydljj\R No[jlU clklU, ikngòqe, NljHoj o iqdcnk e gl[_dXknkl gn[e][njjqU ;nKoiknbo o jnLoiknbo bogqeqU YqUjo. / knòl , èldòqb_ iqNndljoM, lH@ likX. 0 jn Ekq jl bqNlb [n`g\enkX Zdn[n, agokeqg]kXi] jlaqjobnMHobo b\, `qb_ jnKo ZlgqoVliòl aglcò [neqlendo FqYlc_ e bnl 1945 Zqcn. +l bnUiòl cjo Y\do o qiknj_ki] elVjq e anb]ko VldqelVliken eldoVnUKob iqY\kolb 20-Zq el`n! Jdnen cqYdlikj\b aqYlcokld]b jnLo[bn o ;nKo[bn! BlVjn] anb]kX _Vnikjònb njkoZokdlgqeìqÙqndoLoo, aneKob e YqgXYl [n ieqYqc_ o jl[neoiobqikX ieqoR jngqcqe! 4qdZ iqeliko j\jlKjoR aq`qdljoU – jl cqa_ikokX aqekqgljo] kgnZlcoo agqKdqZq, YliikgnKjq e\ik_ankX agqkoe jlqjnLo[bn, Vl- dqel`qjljneoikjoVliken aq gniqe\b o EkjoVliòb ago[jn`nb. 8qYldleìn] aglbo] bogn 3egqalUìqb_ JqM[_ – Ekq jl kqdX`q qLlj`n _Nl agodqNljj\R _iodoU jngqcqe 3egqa\ aq iqRgnjljoM bogn o qYlialVljoM bogjqU No[jo, jq o qY][njjqikX jl qidnYd]kX EkoR _iodoU eaglcX. '\ [n bog o cg_NY_ blNc_ jngqcnbo! '\ [n aqikgqljol iqLondXjq iagnelcdoeqZq qYHliken, Zcl eil qYdncnMk glndXj\bo ieqYqcqU o clbq`gnkolU, gnejqagneolb o _idqeo]bo cd] eilikqgqjjlZq gn[eoko] doVjqiko, iqYikeljj\b kg_- cqb qYlialVoen] ei@ jlqYRqcobql cd] EkqZq. GMco! Fgoid_KnUkliX ` jnKlb_ Zqdqi_, agoiqlcoj]UkliX ` jnb, eik_anUkl e JqLondoikoVlì_M angkoM Gnkeoo – nenjZngc YqgXY\ [n iagnelcdoeql qYHlikeq, [n gneljikeq o Ygnkikeq, [n iq[cnjol jqgbndXjqU No[jo e iqYikeljjqU ikgnjl – Gnkeoo! FglcilcnkldX JFG, 4la_knk 3egqangdnbljkn /dX;glc 6_Yoì 6 oMd] 2013 Zqcn :+ J3!4/ 4: J3!4/ 223 CWBMKXJYX QU:YWKYQSY;XQGU? HWOSYY KWSMYY U QYSEW:YY M QYOYY JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo glKokldXjq qi_Ncnlk eqlj- jql jnancljol jn JogoM, `qkqgql Zqkqe]k J
/ o oR iqM[joò cd] agqceoNljo] ieqoR ojklgliqe e glZoqjl. '\ qkelgZnlb dMY\l jn- c_bnjj\l aglcdqZo, `qkqg\l o gnjll Y\do oiaqdX[qenj\ cd] ago- bljljo] eqljjqU iod\ e 0gn`l, Zqidneoo, /;Znjoiknjl, Goeoo. JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo eilLldq aqcclgNoenlk bog- j\U a_kX glKljo] `qj;dòkn e Jogoo e iqqkelkikeoo i aglcdqNl- jo]bo 6qiioo o jn qijqenjoo glKljo] ::8. Fgnedljol JFG HUCFOWMKXJYX HOXFQXFWSXK0 HOWMKXJYB QU0CW MXSXOWJUM 130 KWS2'QGU9U QSOXKGUMU9U GUOHEQW SUMWOY$E WK1XOSE HW!X d_Yq`q _enNnlb\U kqengoH /dXYlgk FnNl! :k obljo JqLondoikoVlìqU angkoo Gnkeoo ilgclVjq aq[cgne- d]M Bni i 90-dlkjob MYodllb! B\ agqNodògnioe_M kg_cqe_M, jnaqdjljj_M YqgXYqU No[jX o qikneodo YqZnk\U No[jljj\U qa\k idlc_MHob aq`qdljo]b. BilZcn o el[cl B\ Y\do qYgn[Lqb Vliko o dMYeò kg_c_, qkelk- ikeljjqiko o ilgclVjqZq qkjqKljol ` q`g_NnMHob. B\ ejlido YqdXKqU èdnc e YqgXY_ i ;nKoikiòbo [nRenkVònbo eq Bkqg_M bogqe_M eqUj_, e eqiiknjqedljol jngqcjqZq Rq[]Uiken Gnk- eoo e aqidleqljj\l Zqc\. Bil Ekq e\iq`q qLljodo BnKo kqengoHo aq kg_c_ o Yqle\l ia_kjoò, o[Ygne aglcilcnkldlb agnedljo] iqM[n el- klgnjqe 130 Gnk\KìqZq ikgld`qeqZq `qga_in o angko[njiòR YgoZnc. JqLondoikoVlìn] angko] Gnkeoo YdnZqcngok Bni [n iqkg_cjo- Vlikeq e qgZnjo[nLoo Vlikeqenjo] elklgnjqe o aqcclgN`_ e angkoU- j\R blgqago]ko]R. '\ e\iq`q Lljob BnK èdnc e glKljol agqYdlb elklgnjqe BldòqU :klVlikeljjqU eqUj\ o agojLoaondXj_M aq[o- LoM, [nHoHn] ojklgli\ kqengoHlU aq YqgXYl. ldnlb Bnb lHl bjqZq iqdjlVj\R cjlU, Yqcgqiko c_Rn o Rqgq- KlZq [cqgqeX]! FglcilcnkldX JFG, 4la_knk 3egqangdnbljkn /dX;glc 6_Yoì 12 jq]Yg] 2013 Zqcn 224 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ XVI P&YEF P[A\XL\PV\?YPK[D HXTV\\ LXVN\\ /2013/ [V?
VR H507+=$ P=5=23=72 53== L530== /VI 27 6raendUpa – bhodjodnloeY LIJ /.8`\paj 16 kr]\h] 2013 Zrdn 5rfnhpHp doeoZnl^ c9o[dn! -fnRnoc^o Zrjlp c9o[dn! LoZrdk] Ihnfeokpo LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp bhodjlnf- e]ol bnhlpp jfrX rlUol r lrc, Ulr bhrdoenkr de] f^brekokp] ho- NokpX XV L9o[dn. IhrNoe lreYar rdpk Zrd, p Glr jrfjoc kodreZpX jhra de] f^bre- kokp] fjoT hoNokpX j9o[dn f brekrc r\9oco. Ir ckrZpc frbhrjnc c^ crRoc ZrfrhplY lreYar r knUneo b`lp f drjlpRokpp kncoUokk^T MoeoX. Ihnfeokpo LIJ kndoolj], Ulr doeoZnl^ j9o[dn – joaholnhp boh- fpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX p h]drf^o Ueok^ bnhlpp – f^janR`l jfrp c^jep p rMokap, brdoe]lj] rb^lrc p \`d`l ZrfrhplY r lrc, Ulr ko- r\Trdpcr honep[rfnlY dneYNo. @dkpc p[ rjkrfk^T frbhrjrf, brjlnfeokk^T XV j9o[drc LIJ, \^er `jpeokpo bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX p, f jf][p j Glpc, hrep bnh- lpp, oo fep]kp] jhodp RploeoX. 1) lr \reYNro p dreZrjhrUkro, ko ahnlarfhocokkro [ndnkpo. @l pcokp Ihnfeokp] ] crZ` jrr\HplY, Ulr fcojlo j bnhlpXk^cp bohfpUk^cp rhZnkp[nMp]cp p fjoc bnhlpXk^c nalpfrc c^ johYo[kr f[]epjY [n f^brekokpo GlrZr [ndnkp]. -UhoRdok^ p knTrd]lj] f jln- dpp rhZnkp[nMpp lhp krf^o bnhlpXk^o bohfpUk^o rhZnkp[nMpp. lr XVI LE6 LIJ 225 bhrp[rNer fbohf^o [n brjeodkpo lhp Zrdn. +^ bhrp[foep boho- jlhàl`hp[nMpO p r\9odpkokpo kojareYapT bohfpUk^T bnhlpXk^T rhZnkp[nMpX, n lnaRo epafpdnMpO df`T koRp[kojbrjr\k^T bohfpU- k^T bnhlpXk^T rhZnkp[nMpX. 1na ] `Ròbrcpkne, Glr lreYar knUner hn\rl^ p oo kor\Trdpcr bhrdreRplY j fr[hnjlnOHpc knbrhrc. B GlrX do]loeYkrjlp TrhrNr bran[nep jo\] fjo Ueok^ Ihnfeokp] p c^ – brek^ hoNpcrjlp bhrdreRnlY. +^ ffoep jpjloc` bnhlpXkrX breplpUojarX Ùo\^, Zdo rjfnpfnOlj] [nkrfr pep rjfoRnOlj] [kn- kp] r cnhajp[co. @ lrc, ana frberHnOlj] f Rp[kY hoNokp] j9o[dn br rhZnkp[nMpp breplpUojarX Ùo\^ p hnjNphokpp h]drf Ueokrf bnhlpp, c^ bhr- jèNnep f pk rlUolnT kn [njodnkp]T Ihnfeokp]. ;or\Trdpcr rlcolplY, Ulr [dojY k`Rkr oHo ckrZro jdoenlY. ;o fjo bnhlpXk^o rhZnkp[nMpp hn\rl` rhZnkp[rf^fnOl drjlnlrUkr TrhrNr p G< kor\Trdpcr, brjareYà knc k`Rk^ cnhajpjljap r\hn[rfnkk^o lrfn- hpHp, d`cnOHpo j lrUap [hokp] epdohrf, lo, alr crZ`l p \`d`l hn[9- ]jk]lY cnjjnc bhrpjTrd]Hoo f Jnlfpp p cpho. +rZ` jan[nlY, Ulr hoZè]hkr, TrlY p f ko\reYNrc arepUojlfo, bhphnjlnOl h]d^ knNoX bnhlpp. L bhrNerZr j9o[dn f LIJ fjl`bpep 32 krf^T Ueokn. @dknar Glp locb^ oHo kodrjlnlrUk^, brjareYà [n lr Ro fhoc] br hn[k^c bhpUpknc (`cohep, bohooTnep RplY f dh`Zpo jlhnk^ p l. d.) j bnhlpX- krZr Ùoln jk]l^ 28 Ueokrf. enZrdnh] nalpfkrX hn\rlo joaholnhoX bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX, [n\rlnc Ueokrf Ihnfeokp] p nalpfkrjlp 8ofp[prkkrX arcpjjpp, bnh- lpXkn] dpjMpbepkn jr\eOdnolj], f Moerc, kn TrhrNoc `hrfko: f \reY- NoX Unjlp bohfpUk^T bnhlpXk^T rhZnkp[nMpX hoZè]hkr bhrTrd]l bnhlpXk^o jr\hnkp], kol kor\rjkrfnkkrX kòbenl^ UeokjapT f[krjrf. @ lrc, Ulr fk`lhokk]] bnhlpXkn] hn\rln bhrpjTrdpl nalpfkr p f Moerc jrrlfoljlfòl bnhlpXkrc` `jlnf`, jfpdoloeYjlfÒl rlUolkr- f^\rhk^o jr\hnkp], arlrh^o bhrNep bohod j9o[drc. Lr\hnkp] jr- jlr]epjY fr fjoT bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMp]T bnhlpp, hn\rln fjoT joaholnhoX bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX p Ihnfeokp] bnhlpp \^en bhp- [knkn `drfeolfrhploeYkrX. ;n GlpT jr\hnkp]T \^ep p[\hnk^ doeo- Znl^ knNoZr j9o[dn. 1rkoUkr, p f GlrX r\enjlp c^ crRoc èÙNplY jfrp drjlpRokp] . B anUojlfo bhpcohn crRkr bhpfojlp lnapo boh- fpUk^o rhZnkp[nMpp, ana f JnlZneYjarc bhodcojlYo 8pZp (joaholnhY l. ;parenX 8^Rkparf), f oklhneYkrc (8pZn, joaholnhY BneohpX 1h`Zerf), f Ihreolnhjarc (8pZn, joaholnhY BneohpX 6R`hnkrfpU, lobohY @eYZn Efjoofn), Ean\bpejo (joaholnhY ;nlneY] dnkrfn), f 226 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ J`d[o (joaholnhY
hpdpX rapNj), f EeZnfo (joaholnhY okpln Loh- dOa). @b^l hn\rl^ GlpT joaholnhoX c^ \`doc bhrbnZnkdphrfnlY kn jr\hnkp]T, [njodnkp]T jrfoln joaholnhoX p f anRdrdkofkrX hn\rlo. @l pcokp Ihnfeokp] LIJ f^hnRnO \enZrdnhkrjlY fjoc joaho- lnh]c bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX [n hn\rl`, arlrhÒ f^ faend^fnolo f jfro hàrfrdjlfr rhZnkp[nMp]cp p `jpeokpo fr[crRkrjloX knNoX bnhlpp. ndnUp, arlrh^o j ZrjhrUk^o. 6e] drjlpRokp] arkoUkrX Moep: jr[dnkp] jbhnfodepfrZr jrMpneYkrZr p bhnfrfrZr r\HojlfokkrZr brh]dan – kor\Trdpcr ko lreYar fhoc], kr p ho[èYlnlpfkn] \rhY\n j locp breplpUojapcp jp- encp, arlrh^o b^lnOlj] àhobplY Zer\neYk^X pcbohpnepjlpUojapX anbplnep[c p ep\ohnep[c, j locp, alr breÙnol bhp\^eY p eÙNpòjerfp] de] jr\jlfokkrX Rp[kp [n jUol fjo \reYNoX GajbènlnMpp Uoerfoan lh`dn, hn\rlnOHoZr [n [nhn\rlkÒ benl`. ln \rhY\n ko \`dol kp eoZarX, kp ahnlarjhrUkrX. ;nc k`Rkn crerdoRY, bnhlpp k`Rk^ crerd^o eOdp. 3 knc – cnhajpjlnc – n\jreOlkr ]jkr: f GlrX jrfhocokkrX aenjjrfrX \rhY\o br\odn \`dol kn knNoX jlrhrko! +ph ko crRol \ojarkoUkr dreZr jlhndnlY rl cne^T p \reYNpT er- aneYk^T frXk, ko crRol dreZr lohbolY jrfhocokkro hn\jlfr, lrh- ZrfeO eOdYcp, arhh`bMpO f \reYNpT r\9ocnT, rhZnkp[rfnkkÒ bhojl`bkrjlY p jToc^ br rlc^fnkpO \reYNpT j`cc brTpHokk^T dokoZ. lr ko b`jl^o pep aeofolkpUojapòlfohRdokp]. Irjcrlhpc kn cokln, Zdo bhpk]lr jrrlfoljlfÒHoo hoNokpo de] \rhY\^ j Glpcp bhojl`bk^cp ]feokp]cp f EfhrboXjarc LrO[o. Ir f EfhrboXjarc LrO[o doXjlfrfner 3600 coRd`knhrdk^T bhojl`b- k^T rhZnkp[nMpX, 30 bhrMoklrf p[ GlrZr arepUojlfn [nkpcnOlj] ko- jareYapcp fpdrf bhojl`beokpX (brepbhojl`bk^o). 6rTrd^ rl lrhZrfep eOdYcp, rl bhpk`dploeYkrZr [nk]lp] bhr- jlpl`MpoX, rl lrhZrfeoX UoerfoUojapcp rhZnkncp, rl lrhZrfep dp- apcp Rpfrlk^cp p pT rhZnkncp, drjlpZnOl 25 cehd. ofhr f Zrd. Ir hnjUolnc, f jlhnknT EfhrboXjarZr jrO[n rarer 880 l^j]U Uo- erfoa hn\rlnOl f hn\japT `jerfp]T. B cpho lnarf^T – 30 cpeeprkrf. ;oeoZneYk^X r\rhrl jpZnhol f Zrd oRoZrdkr knkrjpl brlohp rl kòbenl^ knerZrf dr 10 cpeepnhdrf. 8^kra koeoZneYkrX lrhZrfep rh`Rpoc (rarer 10 cpeeprkrf odp- kpM) f Zrd bhpfeoanol dr 250 cpeeprkrf ofhr. XVI LE6 LIJ 227 1p\ohbhojl`beokp], rl arlrh^T jlhndnOl ckrZpo cpeeprk^ br- lho\ploeoX, knkrj]l brlohp f 290 cpeepnhdrf ofhr oRoZrdkr. Ir hnjUolnc BjocphkrZr \nkan, `doeYk^X foj arhh`bMpp jrjlnf- e]ol 5 bhrMoklrf rl r\HocphrfrZr fnerfrZr bhrdàln (26 j rdpkkn- dMnlYO kè]cp dreenhrf L/). 1rhh`bMp] brf^Nnol r\Hpo Mok^ f \p[kojo kn 10% p kn 25% rl Mok f drZrfrhnT [nàbap f hn[fpfnO- HpTj] jlhnknT. Ir cokYNoX coho 20 cpeeprkrf cne^T jeÙnof arhh`bMpp ark- jlnlphrfnk^ f Zrj`dnhjlfnT EL f jf][p j `bhnfeokp]cp EfhrboXjarZr jrO[n p f dh`ZpT -bhnfeokpo br arklhreO [n r\rhrlrc knharlparf @@; jUplnol, Ulr drTrd^ rl koeoZneYkrZr r\rhrln knharlparf jrjlnfe]Ol rarer 3 bhrMoklrf, n j`ccn rlc^fnoc^T jhodjlf – 2,7% rl r\HocphrfrZr fnerfrZr bhrdàln. IrUoc` ] Glr fjo brdjUpl^fnO? 5reYar de] lrZr, Ulr\^ bran[nlY knjareYar bhojl`bkr anbplnepjlpUojaròbhnfeokpo cphrc, ana \oj- brcrHk^ ep\ohnep[c p Zer\neYk^X anbplnep[c f \rhY\o j Glpcp \ojUoerfoUk^cp bhojl`bk^cp bhr]feokp]cp, Ulr\^ [njlnfplY fjoT [nd`cnlYj] p brk]lY, brUoc` \reYNn] UnjlY eOdoX Rpfol f \odkr- jlp, brUoc` `foepUpfnolj] hn[h^f coRd` drTrdncp \rZnl^T p \od- k^T. $rfrhO r\ GlpT bhojl`beokp]T lnaRo p brlrc`, Ulr Jnlfp] ko pjaeOUokpo, p ` knj lna Ro bhrMfolnOl rhZnkp[rfnkkn] p fj]an] pkn] bhojl`bkn] do]loeYkrjlY, arhh`bMp] p fj]Uojan] «cnhRn», Ulr `drhrRnol jlhrploeYjlfr, jrrh`Rokpo drhrZ, Mok^ kn hn[epU- krZr hrdn `jèZp p lrhZrf^o drZrfrh^, p fpkrfkparf fjoZr GlrZr kp- arZdn kòdnolj] brXcnlY p bhp[fnlY a rlfoljlfokkrjlp. ;oeY[] \o[ arkMn hoZèphrfnlY GarkrcpUojapT \oRokMof, brlrap brjlhndnfNpT rl Zrerdn p RnRd^. ;nNn pdorerZp], arlrhn] rjkrf^- fnolj] kn `jpeokpp hrep Zrj`dnhjlfn f GarkrcpUojarX, jrMpneYkrX p dh`R\^ knhrdrf, - fr[Ycol fohT, p\r brddohRpfnol fjo knhrd^, ar- lrh^o jlhndnOl rl Zrjbrdjlfn ZpZnkljapT lhnkjknMprkneYk^T anbp- lnepjlpUojapT TredpkZrf p rhZnkp[rfnkkrX bhojl`bkrjlp. Lrfhocokk^X anbplnep[c ko jbrjr\ok hoNplY Zer\neYk^o f^[rf^ f cpho. EZr colrdpan – `jpeokpo GajbènlnMpp Uoerfoan, pjarbnoc^T, GkohZrhoj`hjrf. -bhnfeokpo h^kancp p brdnfeokpo \ojbrh]darf f eOdjapT cnjjnT j brcrHYO frrh`Rokk^T jpe. @h`Rpo \rhY\^ pcbohpnepjlpUojarZr anbplnep[cn jr fjoc Glpc – frXkn. lr kobhpoceocr de] knj p de] brjeodrfnloeoX knNpT pdoX. 228 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ ÌjlY knc fjoc Tfnlpl jpe p hn[`cn, b`jlY knc Tfnlpl f^dohRap f \rhY\o [n eÙNÒ Rp[kY de] anRdrZr Uoerfoan kn [oceo! L`HojlfokkrX ahplpao p jncrahplpao kn bhrNerc bnhlpXkrc j9o[do \^e brdfohZk`l lrl fnkpo r jrMpneYkrX \n[o knNoX bnhlpp f jrfhocokkrX Jnlfpp. L `drfeolfrhokpoc crZ` jrr\HplY, Ulr Glr pjjeodrfnkpo bhrfodokr. lr rUokY \reYNn], r\9ockn] knÙkr – pjjeodrfnloeYjan] hn\rln, arlrhÒ bhrfoen Zh`bbn Ùok^T brd hàrfrdjlfrc dralrhn jrMprer- Zpp /[p] 3fnkrfn. ;o \`d` rjlnknfepfnlYj] kn p[erRokpp GlrZr lh`dn, brjareYà rk rb`\eparfnk kn drcnNkoX jlhnkpMo knNoX bnhlpp f pklohkolo p j kpc crRol r[knarcplYj] anRd^X. IhrMplphÒ lreYar knp\reoo j`Hojlfokk^o f^frd^ GlrZr pjjeodrfnkp]: Br-bohf^T. 5holY] UnjlY RploeoX Jnlfpp bhpUpje]ol jo\] a \od- k^c pep rUokY \odk^c. Ejep lna \`dol bhrdreRnlYj], lr jpl`nMp] crRol bhpfojlp a kojln\peYkrjlp f r\Hojlfo p jbhrfrMphrfnlY jr- MpneYk^o ark Br-flrh^T. +rerdoRY \reYNo rhpoklphrfnkn kn pkdpfpd`neY- kÒ jfr\rd`, Uoc jlnhNoo brareokpo, kr f Moerc r\Hojlfr jUplnol j`Hojlfokk^cp brk]lp] hnfkrbhnfp] p jbhnfodepfrjlp. B-lholYpT. reYNn] UnjlY RploeoX Jnlfpp f^jl`bnol [n `jpeo- kpo hrep Zrj`dnhjlfn f lnapT rlhnje]T r\HojlfokkrX Rp[kp, ana r\ojboUokpo hn\rlrX, r\ojboUokpo cpkpcneYkrZr bhrRplrUkrZr cp- kpc`cn, r\ojboUokpo krhcneYk^c RpeYoc. B-Uolfohl^T. reoo Uoc brerfpkn RploeoX ko jUplnol jo\] \ep[- apcp a anarX-ep\r p[ bnhlpX p br[pMprkphòl jo\] fko breplpUojapT bnhlpX. B lrRo jncro fhoc], ` 43,8% RploeoX ojlY Roenkpo brddohRnlY anaÒ-lr p[ breplpUojapT bnhlpX, kr lnapT, alr bhpUpje]ol jo\] a \ep[apc pep rUokY \ep[apc a anarX-ep\r p[ breplpUojapT bnhlpX, - lreYar kockrZpc \reoo 10 bhrMoklrf. B-b]l^T. ploep Jnlfpp brddohRpfnOl lnapo arlrh^o jf][nk^ j frfeoUokpoc f breplpUojapo naMpp p naMpp bhr- lojln: brdnUn bhoderRokpX br èÙNokpÒjerfpX lh`dn f areeoa- lpfnT, hoZprko p Zrj`dnhjlfo f Moerc, n lnaRo Ùnjlpo f docrk- jlhnMp]T, [n\njlrfanT p dh`ZpT B Moerc pjjeodrfnkpo jfpdoloeYjlfòl, Ulr brerRokp] bhrZhncc^ LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp brddohRpfnOlj] Rploe]cp, kr knc kor\Trdpcr bohojcrlholY Moe^X h]d frbhrjrf br jfroX bhnalpUojarX do]loeYkrjlp. lp bhoderRokp] br [nc^jeÌhnfeokp], dreRk^ \^lY XVI LE6 LIJ 229 brdZrlrfeok^ a rdkrc` p[ jeodÒHpT j9o[drf LIJ. lr jlnkol koeoZ- arX hn\rlrX p brlho\òl `jpepX rl fjoX bnhlpp. Br[crRkr, \`dol Moeojrr\hn[k^c rhZnkp[rfnlY bnhlpXkÒ ark- \rlap jrrlfoljlfÒHpT hoarcokdnMpX. @ jrMpneYkr-GarkrcpUojarc p breplpUojarc arlrhrc bhrpjTrdpl knNn do]loeYkrjlY IhrNe^X Zrd f knNoX jlhnko bhrNoe f \rhY\o j \o[hn\rlpMoX, f bhrdreRokpp breplpap Garkrcpp, f \rhY\o j \nkahrljlfncp p lo- kofrX GarkrcparX, f brdZrlrfao a ffodokpO ofhr f Jnlfpp. Iokjpr- koh^, codpap, Ùploe], Ùok^o, brepMoXjapo p brRnhk^o knjlrXUpfr \rhrepjY [n jfrp [nhbenl^, [n eoX. Lncr`bhnfeokp] \rhrepjY [n Uojlkro hnjbhodoeokpo brdrTrd- krZr knerZn coRd` Zrj`dnhjlfokk^c \OdRolrc p \OdRolncp jncr`bhnfeokpX. Ir jrdohRnkpO f Glrc jbpjao kol kpUoZr rjr\okkrZr. lr bhr- pjTrdpl fr fjoT Zrj`dnhjlfnT p r\Hojlfokk^T `jlhrXjlfnT. 6h`Zro doer, ojep c^ r\hnlpcj] a j`Hojlf` kn[fnkkrX bhr\eoc^. Lcrlhplo, Ulr br koarlrh^c Glpc bhr\eocnc f jfroc bpjYco, arlrhro ndhojrfnkr cko, ana dob`lnlÈfhrbnhencokln, bpNol Zrj- brdpk @]hj Lbnhplpj, bho[pdokl /andocpp knà Jnlfpp (MplphÒ): «-fnRnoc^X Z-k 8`\paj, IhrN` BnNoX brcrHp. brj^enO Bnc bpjYcr enlfpXjapT Ùo- k^T, brdbpjnkkro hàrfrdploe]cp df`T doj]larf knÙk^T pkjlpl`- lrf, r\ojbrarokk^T jncrfreYjlfrc «Edpkjlfn», LoXcn J8 p pjbrekploeYkrX fenjlp f dhnarkrfjarc cpkpcp[phrfnkpp jphrfnkp] knàp p r\hn[rfnkp], Ulr rbhodoeper JnlfpO kn brjeod- koo, jncro kp[aro cojlr f EL, p ko dnol fr[crRkrjlp de] enlfpXjarX Garkrcpap j brcrHYO knàp fcojlo hn[rZholY Garkr- cpà. - knj `kpUlrRokr bhrp[frdjlfr p lobohY fdr\nfra RoenOl `kp- UlrRplY hàncp jncpT enl^NoX f^jNpo Nare^ p knÙk^o pkjlpl`l^, ana bran[nloep pkloeeoaln p dr\nfeokkrX jlrpcrjlp, Ulr\^ Jnlfp] kparZdn ko jlnen \^ arkàhoklrjbrjr\krX f hncanT EL. ;r ]fe]olj] ep Glr MoeYO EL? Ihrjpc Bnj hnjjan[nlY, Ulr enlfpXjapo Ùok^o jnc^c koZnlpf- k^c r\hn[rc rMokpfnOl fhnRdo\kro rlkrNokpo epdohrf bnhlpp «Edpkjlfr» a knào p r\hn[rfnkpO p f^jl`bnOl bhrlpf jlhnloZpUo- jarZr bohodoen anapT-ep\r brlokMpneYk^T fr[crRkrjloX jrlh`dkpUojlfn j bhr- 230 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ p[frdjlfrc. L lnapcp epdohncp-r\cnkHpancp, arlrh^o b^lnOlj] bhr\hnlYj] f hOjjoeY j cnkdnlrc rl enlfpXjapT p[\phnloeoX, jlhàl`h^ EL rarkUnloeYkr [nXd`l f l`bpa, ojep rkp bhpc`l kn hn- \rl` fphl`r[rf dfrXkrX \`TZnelohpp, arlrh^òRo drcn bran[nep, Ulr k`f Zen[rc, bohoUpje]olj] kn jlhrploeYjlfr @enXkjarX lOhYc^, ana \`dlr lOhYcn dnjl \reYNo bhp\nfeokkrX jlrpcrjlp, Uoc knàn pep bhrp[frdjlfr. ;ojUnjlYo f lrc, Ulr p[ jcol kn knà`, Zdo lrU- krjlY dr doj]l^T dreoX brjeo [nb]lrX, kp rdpk breplpa p kpalr p[ jlr]HpT [n anarX-ep\r p[ bnhlpX, ko crRol bohoUpjeplY jo\o 10 pep 20%. IrGlrc` dokYZp `Trd]l j eoZarX hàp kn coZn-bhroal^, kr pk- Lr jeodÒHpc bpjYcrc ] bohoNeO Bnc Unjlkro Geoalhrkkro bpjYcr ÙokrZr a BnNoc` jfodokpO p pjbreY[rfnkpO. +rRol \^lY, oHo arZr-ep\r p[ eOdoX f EL crRkr bhod`bhodplY, Ulr\^ rkp ko br[frepep jo\] r\d`hplY docnZrZnc p[ Jnlfpp, brjareYà bhnfdn – n\jreOlkr dh`Zn]. oenO Bnc `jboTrf f hn\rlo br [nHplo pklohojrf Jnlfpp. @]hj Lbnhplpj, bho[pdokl J/;, arlrhrZr 6rc\hrfjapj lhpRd^ ko brRoene bhpk]lY, Ulr\^ f^jèNnlY rMokà jpl`nMpp f knào, p areeoZp br arnepMpp arlrhrZr jdoenep fpd, Ulr ko je^Nnl». , arkoUkr, breÙpe lnaRòbrc]k`lro [dojY bpjYcr rl enlfpX- japT Ùok^T, arlrhro ndhojrfnkr enlfpXjarc` bhnfploeYjlf` p ar- lrhro brdbpjnep hàrfrdploep 17 knÙk^T ÙhoRdokpX Jnlfpp. Bjo Glr ] pjbreY[rfne p \`d` pjbreY[rfnlY f jfroX hn\rlo p f f^jl`beokp]T f EfhrboXjarc bnhencoklo. ndnUn knNoZr j9o[dn ko r\j`Rdokpo GlrZr knÙkr r\rjkrfnk- krZr dràcokln r lrc, Ulr bhrpjTrdpl f Jnlfpp. LanR` lreYar lr, Ulr fjo, Ulr f dràcoklo hnjjcrlhokr p àn[nkr, ]fe]olj] rMokarX Ùok^T de] ckrZrUpjeokk^T GarkrcpUojapT bhrh^frf, r arlrh^T bhnfploeYjlfr Zhrcar Zrfrhpl, kr ko doenol kpUoZr j`HojlfokkrZr, Ulr\^ Glp bhrh^f^ rj`HojlfplY, p `Ro dnRo p ko Zrfrhpl r\ Glrc. 5nc bhrp[fodokn knÙkn], ko breplpUojan] rMokan «ZohrpUojapT hn\rl», bhrp[fodokk^T enlfpXjapc bhnfploeYjlfrc bhp bhordreo- kpp GarkrcpUojarZr p hrp[c» bhnfploeYjlfn r\rNoej] Jnlfpp f 7 cpeepnhdrf ofhr dreZrjhrUkrX dreZrfrX knZh`[ap p bhpfoe a rllrà 300 l^j]U Rplo- eoX jlhnk^ kn fr[crRk^o brpjap hn\rl^ p Ùo\^ [n bhodoencp Jnlfpp. / cnahrGarkrcpUojapo bran[nloep f jlnlpjlpUojapT ln\ep- XVI LE6 LIJ 231 MnT ana \^ep, lna p rjlnepjY kn brjeodkpT cojlnT jhodp 28 jlhnk EfhrboXjarZr jrO[n. Jnlfp] lna p ko drjlpZen lrZr r\9ocn bhr- p[frdjlfn, arlrh^X j`Hojlfrfne dr f^Trdn p[ LrfoljarZr LrO[n, dr jpT brh c^ rlepUnocj] kp[apc `hrfkoc r\HoZr fnerfrZr bhr- dàln kn rdkrZr hn\rlnOHoZr p rdkrZr Rploe]. 6r jpT brh jphrfnkpo rbenl^ lh`dn, bokjpX, hnjTrdrf kn codpMpkjapòjèZp, knà` p r\hn[rfnkpo knTrd]lj] kn rdkrc p[ jnc^T kp[apT `hrfkoX jhodp fjoT 28 jlhnk EfhrjrO[n. ;o pcool [knUokp] bhrdreRnlY Zr- frhplY r brloho fjoZr f Garkrcpao pep brf^Nokpp `hrfk] Rp[kp, jrMpneYkrX [nHpHokkrjlp. Irk]lkr, Ulr \o[ frfeoUokp] knàp f hoNokpo bhr\eoc, \o[ johYo[k^T bohocok fr fjoX jpjloco r\hn- [rfnkp], \o[ oo bhpfodokp] a k`Rdnc knhrdkrZr Tr[]Xjlfn p bhna- lpUojarZr rjfrokp] drjlpRokpX jrfhocokkrX knàp p pT fkodhokp] – kpanarZr GarkrcpUojarZr «f[h^fn» p èÙNokp] \en- Zrjrjlr]kp] eOdoX ko crRol \^lY drjlpZk`lr. lrZr ko bhpkojol Jnlfpp p bohoTrd kn ofhrfneOl`. @\9odpkokpo breplpUojapT bnhlpX «oklh LrZenjp]», f jrjlnfo arlrhrZr knTrdplj] p LrMpnepjlpUojan] bnhlp] Jnlfpp, ko rdknRd^ fkrjpep j`Hojlfokk^o bhoderRokp] br èÙNokpO jpl`nMpp, kr rkp kparZdn ko bhpkpcnepjY fjohYo[ p ko hnjjcnlhpfnepjY bhnf]- HoX arnepMpoX. IreplpUojapo bnhlpp, jrjlnfe]OHpo bhnfploeY- jlfr Jnlfpp, \reYNo [nkpcnOlj] \nenkjrc hnjbhodoeokp] ahojoe f coRbnhlpXk^T hn[\rhanT, n ko hoNokpoc GarkrcpUojapT p jrMp- neYk^T bhr\eoc. Ir cokYNoX coho, lna j`d]l Rploep Jnlfpp, ò[Rn] f hn\jlfr a [nh`\oRk^c anbplnepjlnc p `foepUpfn] fk`l- hokkpX fnerfrX bhrdàl dh`ZpT jlhnk, n ko hrjl jfroX enlfpXjarX Garkrcpap. 5narfn anhlpkn kn joZrdk]NkpX dokY. 5rfnhpHp doeoZnl^! oho[ kobrek^X Zrd \`d`l krf^o f^\rh^ f enlfpXjapX LoXc. - RploeoX br]fplj] fr[crRkrjlY brcok]lY jpl`nMpO f Zrj`dnhjlfo, drfohpf oZr hàrfrdjlfr jbrjr\k^c knhrdkrTr[]Xjlfokkpanc, n ko ahnjpf^c p Zhrcar Zrfrh]Hpc rhnlrhnc, arlrh^T hnjberdperjY ckrZr, p arlrh^o b`loNojlfÒl p[ rdkrX breplpUojarX bnhlpp f dh`- ZÒ, kr fjoZdn knTrd]l drhrZ` f ahojen f bhnfploeYjlfo. L Glpc k`Rkr arkUnlY. 3, br-knNoc` ckokpO, ko lna ckrZr k`Rkr d`cnlY bhr p[cokokp] p bhonc\è^ f [narknT p a loajlnc f Lnlfohjco, kr brjeodrfnloeYkr p rlfoljlfokkr bholfrh]lY f Rp[kY lr, r Uoc lnc knbpjnkr. lr ko r[knUnol, Ulr LIJ ]fe]olj] bhrlpfkparc eO\^T br[plpfk^T p[cokokpX p bhor\hn[rfnkpX. 232 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ 1 bhpcoh`, oHo dr f^\rhrf f 10 LoXc, LIJ bhodenZnen ffojlp jcoNnkkÒ jpjloc` f^\rhrf f LoXc, br arlrhrX 50% dob`lnlrf LoXcn p[\phnepjY \^ br bnhlpXk^c jbpjanc, n oHo 50% - br cnk- dnlnc rah`Zrf. lr br[freper \^ br]fplYj] f jbpjanT ankdpdnlrf f dob`lnl^ krf^c pcoknc, p f LoXc \^ep \^ p[\hnk^ ckrZpo jbr- jr\k^o, ko jrjlr]Hpo f bnhlp]T, eOdp, arlrh^o fkojep \^ ko rdkr jfoRoo, ko jf][nkkro j bnhlpXk^cp pklohojncp, bhoderRokpo. @d- knar, Glp bhoderRokp] ko bhrNep brekrMokkro r\j`Rdokpo p ko \^ep bhpk]l^. LIJ kn jfroc XII j9o[do (f 2009 Zrd` ) bhoderRpen jr[dnlY Zrj`dnhjlfokkÒ rhZnkp[nMpO de] benkphrfnkp] dreZr- jhrUkrX jlhnloZpp br Garkrcpao p jrMpneYk^c frbhrjnc. 3 Glr lnaRo ko \^er bhpk]lr, Trl] p Ulr-lr brTrRoo, kr \o[ johYo[k^T bre- krcrUpX, \^er jr[dnkr kn fhoc] f^\rhrf bhp bhocYoh-cpkpjlho. ^ep p dh`Zpo johYo[k^o bhoderRokp] rl LIJ, kr rkp ko \^ep `je^Nnk^ jr jlrhrk^ bnhlpX bhnfploeYjlfokkrX arnepMpp. Bjo bhnfploeYjlfn, arlrh^o \^ep jr[dnk^ f Jnlfpp brjeo fjl`b- eokp] jlhnk^ f EL, fr[enZnep kn EfhrboXjapX LrO[ p oZr \enZrbhp- ]lk^o hoNokp] jepNarc johYo[k^o kndoRd^. @dknar GlrZr ko bhrp[rNer p ko crZer bhrp[rXlp, brjareYà ndcpkpjlhnMp] Efhr- boXjarZr jrO[n, Zenfk^c r\hn[rc, lreYar jrfolòl, hoarcokdòl, dnol dokYZp, n ana bohofojlp bhoderRokp] p dokYZp f honeYkÒ breY[` de] Zrj`dnhjlfn p oZr RploeoX – Glr [ndnUn de] jlhnk-Ùnjl- kparf EL, – jncrZr enlfpXjarZr bhnfploeYjlfn p LoXcn. Ir-knNoc` ckokpO, kojUnjlYo r lrc, Ulr breplpap jepNarc drfoh]ep p fr[enZnep \reYNpo kndoRd^ jknUnen kn lr, Ulr fjl`beokpo f ;/5@, f EfhrboXjapX LrO[, lobohY f ofhr[rk`, jncr br jo\o, bhpkojol hn[hoNokpo bhr\eoc de] jlhnk^. lr fjl`beokpo hnjjcnlhpfnolj] ana MoeY, ko ana jhodjlfr de] drjlpRokp] anarX-ep\r Moep. 5narX MoeYO crZer \^ jlnlY \en- Zrjrjlr]kpo eOdoX p jr[dnkpo lnarX jhod^ f Zrj`dnhjlfo, Ulr\^ Rp- loep Ùfjlfrfnep jo\] [nHpHokk^cp, hnfkrbhnfk^cp bohod [narkrc, Ulr\^ f Zrj`dnhjlfo \^en \^ jln\peYkrjlY p hn[fplpo \en- Zrbhp]lkrX jhod^. 1 kojUnjlYO GlrZr kol. Bjl`bnoc, bhn[dkòc br- \od`, n f honeYkrjlp Garkrcpan ko hn[fpfnolj], r\hn[rfnkpo p knàn doZhndphÒl, eOdp kòdrfeolfrhok^ p bhrdreRnOl f^o[RnlY p[ jlhnk^. Ìjl^o bhp[^f^ \^lY bnlhprlncp p ko ò[RnlY p[ jlhnk^ bhrUY – kpUoZr ko dnd`l. JOdp Trl]l ojlY, jr[dnfnlY jocYO, hrRnlY doloX, dnfnlY pc r\hn[rfnkpo p jncpc hn\rlnlY kn TrhrNr rbenUp- fnocrX hn\rlo. BjoZr GlrZr f Jnlfpp ko Tfnlnol \reYNoX Unjlp eOdoX, f lrc Upjeo crerdoRp. XVI LE6 LIJ 233 Ihp `lfohRdokpp \OdRoln kn 2014 Zrd, arlrh^X jlnkol krf^c bohprdrc benkphrfnkp] de] EfhrjrO[n dr 2020 Zrdn, bohf^X Zrd ko r\oHnol kpUoZr TrhrNoZr – lhnl^ \`d`l bhrdreRnlYj]. 8rjl, «GarkrcpUojapX bhrh^f», p rbpjnkp] f Ienko ;nMprkneYkrZr hn[- fplp], jarhoo fjoZr f \reYNoX coho lna p rjlnk`lj] kn \`cnZo. @ knNpT [ndnUnT kn 2014 Zrd 2014 Zrd jlnkol rjr\^c ko lreYar brlrc`, Ulr Glr \`dol bohf^X Zrd krfrZr bohprdn benkphrfnkp] dr 2020 Zrdn. @k r[kncokòlj] lnaRo df`c] f^\rhncp: 24 cn] – f^\rhncp f EfhrboXjapX bnhen- cokl p 4 ral]\h] – f^\rhncp f 12 LoXc J8. B drbrekokpo f 2014 Zrd` 8pZn jlnkol 1èYl`hkrX jlrepMoX EfhrboXjarZr jrO[n. lp jr- \^lp] \`d`l [nkpcnlY ko lreYar `c^ breplparf p Zrj`dnhjlfokk^T c`RoX, kr p c^jep anRdrZr Rploe] Jnlfpp, brlho\Òl crhneYk^T p Ihnfeokpo LIJ p bohfpUk^o rhZnkp[nMpp `Ro knUnep hn\rl` knd brdZrlrfarX a f^\rhnc. $rlrf]lj] jbpjap p[\phnloeYk^T arcpj- jpX de] Ùnjlarf p rah`Zrf, jbpjap kn\eOdnloeoX. `d`l brdZrlrf- eok^ jbpjap ankdpdnlrf f dob`lnl^, bhodf^\rhk^o bhrZhncc^, Ueok^ bnhlpp p Zh`bb^ \ojbnhlpXk^T, brddohRpfnOHpT bnhlpO, alr \`dol bhrfrdplY nZplnMpO p hn[9]jkploeYkÒ hn\rl` jhodp p[\p- hnloeoX. 3 fjo Glr kor\Trdpcr \`dol bhrfojlp dfnRd^: Zrlrf]jY a f^\rhnc f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl 24 cn], p Uoho[ b]lY coj]Mof – 4 ral]\h] de] f^\rhrf f 12 LoXc. Ihnfeokpo jr[dner 3[\phnloeYk^X Nln\ de] rhZnkp[nMpp f^- \rhrf p `lfohdper oZr hàrfrdploeoc 3kk` oeràhrf`. Ihrfodokpo df`T f^\rhrf f jeodÒHoc Zrd`, fr[crRkr, brlho- \òl bhrfodokp] df`T bnhlpXk^T j9o[drf. @dpk j9o[d \`dol ko- r\Trdpc brjeo f^\rhrf f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl, de] r\j`Rdokp] ho[èYlnlrf f^\rhrf f Efhrbnhencokl p `lfohRdokp] fjoZr, Ulr jf][nkr j brdZrlrfarX p jncpcp f^\rhncp f 12 LoXc J8, arlrh^o jrjlr]lj] 4 ral]\h] 2014 Zrdn. ;n flrhrc j9o[do hnj- jcrlhpc lnaRo rlUol^ Ihnfeokp] LIJ p, f jrrlfoljlfpp j -jln- frc, bhrfodoc krf^o f^\rh^ hàrfrd]HpT rhZnkrf bnhlpp. B 2014 Zrd` bohf^X, XVII j9o[d, crRol jrjlr]lYj] f pOko dr bhn[d- kpan JpZr p flrhrX, kn brdZrlrfaàrlrhrZr brlho\òlj] \reYNo fhocokp, crRol jrjlr]lYj] f bohfrX doando doan\h] 2014 Zrdn. @\ GlrX do]loeYkrjlp knc kor\Trdpcr bhpk]lY hoNokpo joZrdk], brjareYà -jlnfrc bhod`jcrlhokr bhrfodokpo lreYar rdkrZr j9o[dn f Zrd. 234 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ +rRoc brjl`bplY jeodÒHpc r\hn[rc. Ejep fr fhoc] f^\rhrf f cno ko br]fplj] lnapT frbhrjrf, hoNokpo arlrh^T knTrdplj] f arcbolokMpp j9o[dn, lr f pOko fr[crRkr bhrfojlp ko j9o[d, n ark- f^\rhncp f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl f cno p j f^\rhncp f 12 LoXc J8 f ral]\ho, rjlnfpf bhrUoo rUohodkrc` XVII j9o[d` LIJ f bohfrX doando doan\h] 2014 Zrdn. @\n Glp fnhpnkl^ eoZplpck^ j lrUap [ho- kp] -jlnfn LIJ.. $rfrh] r bhodjlr]HpT f^\rhnT, knc k`Rkr drZrfrhplYj] lnaRo r lrc, ana c^ pdoc kn Glp f^\rh^: ana fjoZdn f brjeodkpo 8 eol, f jrjlnfo @\9odpkokp] breplpUojapT rhZnkp[nMpX oklh LrZenjp], pep br pkrc`. 6r joZrdk]NkoZr dk] c^ drjlpZep jrZenNokp] j bhodjodnloeoc LrMpne-docrahnlpUojarX bnhlpp «LrZenjpo» ;perc -Nnarf^c r lrc, Ulr dr f^\rhrf f Efhrbnhencokl c^ crRoc ZrfrhplY lreYar r lnalpao kn GlpT f^\rhnT. @ f^\rhnT f 12 LoXc J8 f ral]\ho \`doc ZrfrhplY brjeo f^\rhrf f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl, fr-bohf^T. Br- flrh^T, f bhodf^\rhk^X bohprd c^ ko \`doc pjbreY[rfnlY dh`Z bhrlpf dh`Zn, lna kn[^fnoc^o, «Zh][k^o loTkrerZpp». Ihnfeokpo LIJ Glp bhoderRokp] r\j`dper p rdr\hper. ;or\Trdpcr lreYar dr\nfplY, Ulr LIJ Ùnjlfrfnen fr fjoT f^\rhnT, jrjlr]fNpTj] brjeo f^Trdn Jnlfpp p[ LLL8 f 1991 Zrd`, kn fjoT f^\rhnT p[\p- hnepjY dob`lnl^ p[ LIJ p c^ kparZdn ko pjbreY[rfnep kpanapT «Zh][k^T loTkrerZpX» pep brdàbn p[\phnloeoX anapc-ep\r r\hn- [rc. B GlrX r\enjlp a LIJ ko \^er kpanapT bholok[pX ` 1;/. lpc c^ crRoc r\rjkrfnkkr ZrhdplYj] p \^lY drfohokk^cp bnhlkohncp f breplpUojarX \rhY\o. Ihnfeokpo LIJ bhp[^fnol knNpT Ueokrf bnhlpp bhpk]lY fjo Glp brerRokp] fr fkpcnkpo p \^lY lna Ro f[foNokk^cp p Uojlk^cp p f dneYkoXNoc. @jlnerjY bhpk]lY hoNokpo oHo br rdkrc` frbhrj`, arlrh^X jf]- [nk j f^\rhncp. B jrrlfoljlfpp j 3 b`kalrc 14 LlnlYp -jlnfn LIJ, j9o[d` kor\Trdpcr bhpk]lY hoNokpo r\ Ùnjlpp LIJ f eO\^T f^\r- hnT f Jnlfpp p f EL. Ihnfeokpo LIJ r\j`dper Glrl frbhrj p bhpk]er hoNokpo bhpk]lY Ùnjlpo f f^\rhnT f Efhrbnhencokl. LoZrdk] Glr hoNokpo bhnfeokp] kor\Trdpcr r\j`dplY kn j9o[do p bhpk]lY rark- UnloeYkro hoNokpo. Ihnfeokpo bhp[^fnol rdr\hplY hoNokpo r\ Ùn- jlpo LIJ f f^\rhnT f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl 24 cn] 2014 Zrdn. ;narkoM, f jf][p j f^\rhncp f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl, L9o[d` kor\Trdpcr bhpk]lY oHo rdkr hoNokpo: \`dol ep LIJ bhpkpcnlY XVI LE6 LIJ 235 Ùnjlpo f f^\rhnT f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl ana jrjlnfkn] UnjlY r\9odpkokp] «oklh LrZenjp]» pep anapc-lr pk^c r\hn[rc. Ihnfeokpo LIJ hnjjcnlhpfner Glrl frbhrj kn kojareYapT [njo- dnkp]T. +^ bhpNep a [naeOUokpO, Ulr \^er \^ lnalpUojap p breplp- Uojap bhnfpeYk^c kn f^\rhnT f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl pdlp f jrjlnfo «oklhn jrZenjp]». - knj kol rjkrfnkpX rlan[^fnlYj] rl bhnalpap, rbhnfdnfNoX jo\] kn bhrl]Rokpp ckrZpT eol. lr fr- bohf^T. Br-flrh^T, f r\9odpkokpp «oklh LrZenjp]» j`Hojlfòl `jerfpo, Ulr anRdn] p[ bnhlpX, fTrd]HpT f r\9odpkokpo, rlfo- Unol [n jfrpT ankdpdnlrf f dob`lnl^ kn eO\^T f^\rhnT p dh`Zpo bnhlpp ko pcoOl bhnfr rlr[fnlY ankdpdnl`h` bnhlkohn. 5na \^er dr jpT brh p kn Glrc rjkrfnkpp ko \^er kpanapT johYo[k^T jbrhrf pep bhrlpfrhoUpX. Ihpkpcn] fr fkpcnkpo f^Nojan[nkkro, Ihnfeokpo LIJ bhp[^- fnol j9o[d brddohRnlY Gl` ckrZreolkOO bhnalpà p arkMobMpO p de] jeodÒHpT f^\rhrf f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl 24 cn] 2014 Zrdn. BTrd]Hn] f @\9odpkokpo breplpUojapT bnhlpX «oklh jrZenjp]» LrMpne-docrahnlpUojan] bnhlp] «LrZenjpo» kn jfroc j9o[do 9 kr- ]\h] 2013 Zrdn bhpk]en hoNokpo.pdlp jncrjlr]loeYk^c jbpjarc. B jrrlfoljlfpo j 5 b`kalrc 14 jlnlYp -jlnfn LIJ bhodf^\rhkÒ bhrZhncc` `lfohRdnol Ihnfeokpo, n j9o[d hnjjcnlhpfnol oo ark- Mobl`neYkr. 3jTrd] p[ GlrZr `jerfp], Ihnfeokpo LIJ hn\rlnol knd dolnep- [phrfnkkrX bhrZhnccrX f^\rhrf f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl, bnc]l`] r lrc, Ulr dob`lnl^ EI bhodjlnfe]Ol ko Zrj`dnhjlfr, n lreYar jr\jlfokk^T p[\phnloeoX p pT pklohoj^. 1rkoUkr, pklohoj^ p[\p- hnloeoX lna pep pknUo crZ`l jrfbndnlY j pklohojncp Zrj`dnhjlfn, brjareYà p[\phnloep korl9oceocn] p j`Hojlfokkn] jrjlnfkn] UnjlY Zrj`dnhjlfn. Ihnfeokpo jUplnol, Ulr bhodf^\rhkn] bhrZhnccn ankdpdnlrf f dob`lnl^ f EfhrboXjapX bnhencokl dreRkn \^lY rhpoklphrfnkn kn bhnfrfÒ p ZhnRdnkjaÒ [nHpl` bhnf enlfpXjapT p[\phnloeoX p r\ojboUpfnlY oo honep[nMpO. B GlrX jf][p de] knNoX bnhlpp j`Ho- jlfokk^cp lnaRo ]fe]Olj] bhnfn koZhnRdnk Jnlfpp. rl] ` kpT kol bhnfn Zrerjn kn GlpT f^\rhnT, ` kpT ojlY bhnfn Uoerfoan p koZhnR- dnkpkn, arlrh^o jfroX do]loeYkrjlYO dreRk^ [nHpHnlY dob`lnl^ LIJ f Efhrbo. 6ob`lnlnc LIJ f Efhrbnhencoklo kor\Trdpcr f^jl`bnlY br fjoc jrMpneYk^c frbhrjnc, br codpMpkjarc` r\jèRpfnkpO, r\- 236 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ hn[rfnkpO p knào, br bhnfnc pkfnepdrf, kor\Trdpcr [nHpHnlY aèYl`hk^o Mokkrjlp p pT jrThnkkrjlY f Jnlfpp j fr[crRkr \reY- NoX brddohRarX EfhrboXjarZr LrO[n. ;`Rkr ran[^fnlY [nHpl` p bhpkpcnlY hoNokpo br fjoc fr[crR- k^c dnhjlfn p fjoZr EfhrboXjarZr LrO[n. ;or\Trdpcr hoNnlY bhr\eoc^ crerdoRp p bokjprkohrf. 1r- koUkr, kor\Trdpcr pjbreY[rfnlY fjo fr[crRkrjlp, arlrh^o bhodr- jlnfe]ol hn\rln dob`lnln f arcplolnT p coRbnhencokljapT doeoZnMp]T, Ulr\^ hoNnlY bhr\eoc^ RploeoX Jnlfpp. ;or\Trdpcr bhrbnZnkdphrfnlY drjlpRokp] Jnlfpp f eO\^T rlhnje]T p Uojlkr rlkrjplYj] a bhodjlnfeokpO pjlrhpp Jnlfpp p oo RploeoX f Efhr- jrO[o. ;n GlrX rjkrfo crRol \^lY jr[dnkn arkMobMp] bhodf^\rhkrX bhrZhncc^ ankdpdnln f dob`lnl^, arlrhÒ brbrek]l jncp ankdp- dnl^ f dob`lnl^ p Ihnfeokpo LIJ dr lrZr, ana rkn jlnkol r neYkrX bhodf^\rhkrX bhrZhnccrX, p arlrhÒ rarkUnloeYkr `lfohdpl Ihnfeokpo LIJ. EHo r \epRnXNpT Zenfk^T [ndnUnT LIJ -Ròbrc]k`l^o f^\rh^ p jf][nkkn] j kpcp nalpfkrjlY – rUokY johYo[k^o [ndnUp f Moerc. ;r Glpc ko rZhnkpUpfnolj] bnhlpXkn] hn\rln dr rUohodkrZr j9o[dn p dneYkoXNoo \`d`Hoo. - knj ckrZr dh`ZpT [ndnU, knd f^brekokpoc arlrh^T kor\Trdpcr hn\rlnlY ana hàrfrd]Hpc rhZnknc bnhlpp, lna p anRdrcÙeok` bnhlpp. lr TrhrNr p arkaholkr j -jlnfo bnhlpp. 6e] pT honep[nMpp TrhrNpc jrfolUparc jlnk`l rl- [^f^, arlrh^o pjTrd]l p[ `Ròbrc]k`lrZr jrMprerZpUojarZr pjjeo- drfnkp] bhr jrMpneYkÒ \n[` bnhlpp. LrfohNokkr ]jkr, Ulr knj ko crRol `drfeolfrhplY brbrekokpo f epMo crerd^T eOdoX, arlrhro dr GlrZr brjl`bner f fpdo jeÙnX- k^T eOdoX pep hrdjlfokkparf. ;`Rk^ NphrarcnjNln\k^o bhroal^. ;nd hn[hn\rlarX lnarZr bhroaln p oZr honep[nMpoX hn\rlnol `Ro ko- jareYar Zh`bb, `lfohRdokk^T Ihnfeokpoc. ;or\Trdpcr hn\rlnlY jhodp crerdoRk^T rhZnkp[nMpX, Zdo drjlnlrUkr ckrZrUpjeokk^X jr- jlnf, arlrh^o Trl]l hn\rlnlY, kr ko [knOl, ana Glr doenlY. 6`cnO, Ulr \`dol bhnfpeYk^c rhZnkp[rfnlY lnapo crerdoRk^o rhZnkp[nMpp, ana brddohRpfnOHpo LIJ. 8n\rlnlY j kpcp, dnfnlY [ndnkp], brcrZnlY rjfrplY kor\Trdpc^o knf^ap f r\HojlfokkrX do]loeYkrjlp p, lnapc r\hn[rc, bhp\epRnlY a LIJ. XVI LE6 LIJ 237 6r jpT brh kor\Trdpcr bhrdreRnlY \rhY\` br `foepUokpO fep]- kp] bnhlpp f cnjjnT, br frbhrj` `[knfnocrjlp bnhlpp, brf^NnlY hreY hn[epUk^T areeoalpfk^T hn\rl: bpaol^, cplpkZp, dh`Zpo naMpp koknjpeYjlfokkrZr bhrlojln br brfrd` fnRk^T frbhrjrf de] eOdoX. lp bhoderRokp] \`d`l brdZrlrfeok^ a jeodÒHoc` j9o[d` LIJ. B^brek]] [ndnkp], rbhodoeokk^o XV j9o[drc LIJ, c^ jcrZep èÙNplY pcpdR LIJ f pklohkolo, rdknar Glr doenolj] dr jpT brh kodrjlnlrUkr G< dohRnkp] p eparX @loUojlfokkrX frXk^ kn 1`hZnko dh`R\^, fjlhoUn folohnkrf 130 Jnl^NjarZr jlhoearfrZr arhb`jn f Bpolnefo, bhn[dkrfnkpo 6k] Ir\od^ f BoeparX @loUojlfokkrX frXko f 8pZo, rjfr\rRdokp] rl kocoMar- lohnkrf `Ro rjlnolj] cner. L `drfeolfrhokpoc crZ` jrr\HplY r knNoc nalpfkrc frfeoUo- kpp f rj`Hojlfeokpo hoNokp] XV j9o[dn rlkrjploeYkr brdZrlrfap a p[dnkpO flrhrZr lrcn 3jlrhpp LIJ p brdZrlrfap pjlrhpUojarX akpZp a 110-eolpO jlnhoXNoX f Jnlfpp p Efhrbo arcc`kpjlpUojarX Zn[ol^ «pk]» f cnhlo 2014 Zrdn. 6reRok jrr\HplY doeoZnlnc XV j9o[dn r lrc, Ulr p[\hnkkro Ihnfeokpo hn\rlner j \reYNrX rlfoljlfokkrjlYO p ckrZròdnerjY jdoenlY, kr kor\Trdpcr rj`HojlfplY oHo \reYNo, kor\Trdpcr bo- hojlhnpfnlYj] \^jlhoo p `fohokkoo, kor\Trdpcr ffrdplY krf^o co- lrd^ p Glr rj`Hojlfpc. Bjbrckpc lnaRo, Ulr 14 cnhln 2014 Zrdn pjbrek]olj] 20 eol LIJ. +^ – odpkjlfokkn] breplpUojan] bnhlp] eof^T jpe f Jnlfpp, arlrhn] jrThnkpenjY p \^en nalpfkrX f breplpUojarX Rp[kp Zrj`- dnhjlfn fjo Glp Zrd^. Bjo Glp Zrd^ c^ bhpkpcnep lnaRo nalpfkro Ùnjlpo f coRd`knhrdk^T cohrbhp]lp]T hn\rUpT p eof^T jpe f Ef- hrbo p kn dh`ZpT arklpkoklnT, breÙpep bhp[knkpo p rb^l hn\rl^. B [naeOUokpo rl pcokp Ihnfeokp] TrÙ br\enZrdnhplY fjoT na- lpfpjlrf bnhlpp p h]drf^T Ueokrf, alr oRodkofkr lhnlpl jfro dhn- ZrMokkro fhoc] de] hn\rl^ f bnhlpp. Lbnjp\r fnc [n Glr, p c^ kndoocj] kn TrhrNoo jrlh`dkpUojlfr p f dneYkoXNoc. ÌjlY ` knj fj# breÙplj]! ploep Jnlfpp Rd`l, arZdn pT Rp[kY brfohkolj] f eÙNÒ jlrhrk`. @kp kndoOlj] kn knj, Zrerj`] [n knNpT ankdpdnlrf, jèNn] knNp hoUp p rMokpfn] knN` hn\rl`. `doc drjlrXk^ pT drfohp]! 238 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ F[KLXF «[ =7+7+=$ 0 G23507 PHL» 6raendUpa – [nc. bhodjodnloe] LIJ B.
hrerf 16 kr]\h] 2013 Zrdn Brbhrj r\ p[cokokp]T f -jlnfo bnhlpp frN#e f brfojlà dk] `Ro flrhrZr knNoZr j9o[dn brdh]d. lr f^[fnkr loc, Ulr f bhrfod#kkrX kncp jrfcojlkrX hn\rlo knd p[cokokp]cp f -jlnfo bnhlpp kn bhr- Nerc, XV j9o[do, 8oZpjlh bhodbhp]lpX Jnlfpp `jcrlhoe knh`Nokpo lho\òcrX bhrMod`h^ p br GlrX bhpUpko rlan[ne f pT hoZpjlhnMpp. L`lY bholok[pX [naeOUnolj] f lrc, Ulr brfojlan dk] knNoZr bhr- NerZrdkoZr j9o[dn ko jrdohRnen rldoeYkrZr frbhrjn r\ p[coko- kp]T f -jlnfo. 3[ GlrZr 8oZpjlh jdoene f^frd r lrc, Ulr doeoZnl^ lreYar kn j9o[do breÙpep fr[crRkrjlY `[knlY r bhodbrenZnoc^T p[cokokp]T, n ko [n 14 dkoX dr knUnen oZr hn\rl^, ana lrZr lho\òl [nark. Lrrlfoljlfokkr, br ckokpO 8oZpjlhn, ` doeoZnlrf j9o[dn ko \^er fr[crRkrjlp [nhnkoo r[knarcplYj] j bhodbrenZnoc^cp p[co- kokp]cp bohod loc, ana [n kpT ZrerjrfnlY. @dknar, fjo c^ brckpc, hn\rln knd p[cokokp]cp f -jlnfo \^en hn[f#hk`ln fr fjoT knNpT bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMp]T p pT f^- hn\rlan p r\j`Rdokpo bhrpjTrdpep bhnalpUojap f loUokpo Zrdn. 1rrhdpknMpoX hn\rl^ [nkpcnenjY jr[dnkkn] Ihnfeokpoc LIJ hn- \rUn] Zh`bbn. Irjl`bpfNpo p[ bnhlpXk^T rhZnkp[nMpX bhoderRo- kp] hnjjcnlhpfnepjY kn [njodnkp]T Irepljrfoln p Ihnfeokp] LIJ. B ho[èYlnlo hnjjcrlhokp] bhoderRokpX \^e brdZrlrfeok bhroal brjlnkrfeokp] r\ p[cokokp]T f -jlnfo LIJ, arlrh^X \^e f^kojok de] hnjjcrlhokp] p `lfohRd#k XV c9o[drc LIJ.
nalp- Uojap f hn\rlo knd f^hn\rlarX p[cokokpX f -jlnfo pcoep fr[crR- krjlY bhpk]lY Ùnjlpo fjo Ueok^ knNoX bnhlpp p fjo o# jlhàl`h^ jkp[` dr fohT`. Irjl`bpfNpo rl Ueokrf bnhlpp bhoderRokp] [n- lhnZpfnep 6 Zenf p[ 10 p 16 jlnloX p[ 27 knNoZr -jlnfn. ;r de] 8o- Zpjlhn bhodbhp]lpX \reoo fojrcrX ran[nenjY bhpUpkn p brGlrc` c^ joZrdk] fkrfY \`doc bhpkpcnlY hoNokpo r\ p[cokokp]T f -jlnfo. Bcojlo j loc, Ulr\^ ko rZhnkpUplYj] epNY kokpoc [ncoUnkpX 8oZpjlhn, Ihnfeokpo oH# hn[ r\hnlperjY a joa- holnh]c bohfpUk^T rhZnkp[nMpX j bhrjY\rX bohojcrlholY -jlnf j fkoj#kk^cp f koZr p[cokokp]cp p fkojlp drbrekploeYk^o bhoder- Rokp], ojep lnarf^o fr[kpak`l. XVI LE6 LIJ 239 B ho[èYlnlo, kn [njodnkpp jrfoln joaholnhoX LIJ joaholnh#c bohfpUkrX rhZnkp[nMpp «Lnenjbpej» lrf. $re]arf^c B. \^er bhod- erRokr p[cokplY jhra brekrcrUpX f^jNpT f^\rhk^T pkjlpl`MpX bnhlpp, `foepUpf oZr j df`T eol dr lh#T. lr anjnolj] bhodjodnloe] bnhlpp, oZr [ncojlploeoX, Ihnfeokp] bnhlpp p 8ofp[prkkrX arcpj- jpp. @jlneYk^o joaholnhp bohfpUk^T bnhlpXk^T rhZnkp[nMpX brd- dohRnep Glr bhoderRokpo, p jrrlfoljlfÒHoo p[cokokpo f bhroal -jlnfn fkojokr p bhodenZnolj] kn hnjjcrlhokpo doeoZnlnc j9o[dn. IhrN` doeoZnlrf j9o[dn brddohRnlY ana hnkoo f^hn\rlnkk^o p[cokokp] f -jlnfo, lna p rdr\hokkro Lrfolrc joaholnhoX bhoder- Rokpo lrf. $re]arfn Bendpcphn. H[PVXR[NLYR\Y XVI j9o[dn LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp [ N 1. @dr\hplY bhoderRokpo Ihnfeokp] LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnh- lpp Jnlfpp r\ Ùnjlpp LIJ f f^\rhnT Efhrbnhencokln 24-Zr cn] 2014 Zrdn. 2. Ihpk]lY a jfodokpO, Ulr LrMpne-docrahnlpUojan] bnhlp] «LrZenjpo», fTrd]Hn] f jrjlnf @\9odpkokp] breplpUojapT bnhlpX «oklh jrZenjp]», kn jfroc j9o[do 9 kr]\h] 2013 Zrdn bhpk]en ho- Nokpo r\ Ùnjlpp f f^\rhnT Efhrbnhencokln 24 cn] 2014 Zrdn jn- crjlr]loeYkr, ko f jrjlnfo @II «oklh jrZenjp]». 3. LrMpnepjlpUojan] bnhlp] Jnlfpp rlkrjplj] j `fnRokpoc a fr- eop[9]feokpO doeoZnlrf j9o[dn LrMpne-docrahnlpUojarX bnhlpp «LrZenjpo», kr jUplnol Glrl NnZ kodrjlnlrUkr breplpUojap r\rjkr- fnkk^c, bhrdreRokpo lnarX br[pMpp crRol f brjeodÒHoc bhpfo- jlp a rlTrd` rl br[pMpp jrMpneYkrX [nHpl^, r\ojboUokp] hnfokjlfn p hnfkrbhnfp] hn\rlkparf kn#ckrZr lh`dn p àerk` f jlrhrk` coe- ar\`hR`n[krZr rbbrhl`kp[cn. 4. L9o[d jUplnol, Ulr f jerRpfNoXj] jpl`nMpp LrMpnepjlpUo- jan] bnhlp] Jnlfpp f f^\rhnT Efhrbnhencokln 24-Zr cn] 2014 Zrdn \`dol ÙnjlfrfnlY jncrjlr]loeYk^c jbpjarc. 5. L9o[d f jrrlfoljlfpp jr jl. 14 p jl. 18 -jlnfn LIJ brdlfoh- Rdnol bhnfr Ihnfeokp] bnhlpp rbhodoeplY r\Hojlfokk^o rhZnkp[n- 240 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ Mpp, breplpUojapo bnhlpp, n lnaRo \ojbnhlpXk^T jlrhrkkparf bnhlpp, arlrh^o \`d`l faeOUok^ f jbpjra LIJ br f^\rhnc Efhrbnhencokln. 6. L9o[d f^hnRnol `fohokkrjlY, Ulr fjo hàrfrd]Hpo rhZnk^ bnhlpp, fjo bohfpUk^o rhZnkp[nMpp LIJ, fjo Ueok^ bnhlpp j brkp- cnkpoc p rlfoljlfokkr rlkoj`lj] a f^\rhnc Efhrbnhencokln. 7. L9o[d r\hnHnolj] a knNpc p[\phnloe]c j bhp[^frc nalpfkr brddohRnlY ankdpdnlrf f dob`lnl^ Efhrbnhencokln rl LrMpnep- jlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp p \^lY `fohokk^cp, Ulr rkp \`d`l nalpfkr p brjeodrfnloeYkr [nHpHnlY pklohoj^ hn\rlkparf kn#ckrZr lh`dn p jnc^T \odk^T jer#f knjoeokp], f pT Upjeo bokjprkohrf, pkfnep- drf, crerdoRY. 16 kr]\h] 2013 Zrdn H[PVXR[NLYR\Y XVI j9o[dn LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp XVI P&YEF P[A\XL\PV\?YPK[D HXTV\\ LXVN\\ VTYBGYV N XVI j9o[d LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp lho\òl f^brekplY hoNokpo L`dn Lnlfohjco Jnlfpp r jk]lpp [nbholn \neerlphrfnlYj] f dob`lnl^ fjoT `hrfkoX f Jnlfpp \^fNpc Ueoknc 1rcc`kpjlpUo- jarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp p 1rcc`kpjlpUojarX bnhlpp LrfoljarZr LrO[n. 6oeoZnl^ XVI j9o[dn LrMpnepjlpUarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp brhÙnOl Ueoknc LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp – dob`lnlnc LoXcn Jnl- fpp fr[\`dplY f LoXco frbhrj r f^brekokpp hoNokp] L`dn Lnl- fohjco JnlfpXjarX 8ojb`\epap rl 15 pOk] 2006 Zrdn br doè 2005-13-0106 «@ jrrlfoljlfpp 5 p 6 b`kalrf 5-X jlnlYp narkn r f^- \rhnT LoXcn J8 p 5-Zr p 6-Zr b`kalrf bohfrX Unjlp jlnlYp 9-X narkn r f^\rhnT ZrhrdjarX d`c^, ahnofrX d`c^ p frerjlkrZr jrfoln jlnlY]c 1-X, 9-X, 91-X p 101-X Lnlfohjco JnlfpXjarX 8ojb`\epap p jlnlY]c 25-X p 26-X +oRd`knhrdkrZr bnaln r ZhnRdnkjapT p breplp- UojapT bhnfnT. L GlrX bhrjY\rX f L`d Lnlfohjco JnlfpXjarX 8oj- b`\epap r\hnlpepjY 20 dob`lnlrf 8-Zr LoXcn J8, f lrc Upjeo Uol^ho dob`lnln rl LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp. 8njjcrlhof bhrjY\` dob`lnlrf LoXcn J8 f bpjYcokkrc bhr- Mojjo kn [njodnkpp L`dn 16 cn] 2006 Zrdn, L`d f jlnlYo 18.8 jfroZr hoNokp] rbhodoepe: «…L`d Lnlfohjco r\hnHnol fkpcn- kpo LoXcn kn lr, Ulr kor\Trdpcr br fr[crRkrjlp f ahnlUnXNoo fhoc] f[fojplY Glp rZhnkpUokp], p, ojep kofr[crRkr pT rlcokplY, bhod`jcrlholY bhrMod`h`, f jrrlfoljlfpp j arlrhrX crRkr \^er 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 СОЦИАЛИСТ ЛАТВИИ СПЕЦВЫПУСК 2011 г. Выходит с марта 2003 года Почему мы призываем голосовать за наших кандидатов в депутаты? Мы всегда и во всем были Мы добились права мало- последовательными интерна- имущим жителям Латвии полу- ционалистами, выступали за чать бесплатную юридическую равные права для всех по вопро- помощь; сам образования, гражданства, Мы сумели добиться откло- за равенство перед законом для нения повышения налога на до- всех жителей Латвии. бавленную стоимость (НДС) до Мы всегда требовали предо- 23 процентов; ставления гражданства Латвии Наше объединение «Центр для всех, кто легально проживал согласия» подготовило альтер- в стране на день получения Лат- нативные бюджеты государства вией независимости от СССР – на 2010 и 2011 годы, которые 6 сентября 1991 года и в первую предусматривали сохранения очередь всем детям, родив- достигнутого уровня социальной шимся в Латвии после указан- защиты населения, в том числе ной даты, а также облегчение не повышение налогов, не сни- условий натурализации, прежде жение помощи детям, инвали- всего для лиц пожилого воз- дам и многодетным семьям, не раста. повышение цен на лекарства и Мы постоянно выступали за медицинское обслуживание, но неприкосновенность пенсии и её эти документы правящими в индексацию, против разбазари- Сейме партиями даже не обсуж- вания пенсионного фонда. дались; Наши депутаты установили в Мы выступаем за сохране- Риге бесплатный проезд для ние бюджетных мест в вузах пенсионеров в городском обще- страны, за снижение стоимости ственном транспорте, выделили обучения в общеобразователь- пособия для оплаты отопления и ной системе; электроэнергии малоимущим Никто из депутатов от СПЛ рижанам; не замешан в коррупционных 23 скандалах и незаконных связях недемократических условиях, с олигархами; в условиях правового ниги- Работа наших депутатов в лизма и подавляющего дик- Риге, Резекне, Зилупе и других тата националистического самоуправлениях показывает, большинства в Сейме ЛР. что существует много возможно- У вас, избиратели, есть стей облегчить жизнь людей в убедительные основания го- период системного капиталисти- лосовать за наших кандида- ческого кризиса, вызвавшего ин- тов в депутаты. Это говорю я, фляцию, рост цен и массовую кому вы всегда верили, к со- безработицу. ветам которого вы прислуши- Перечисленные факты – вались, и кто вас никогда не это только часть того, что обманывал. смогли сделать наши депу- Всегда ваш и с вами таты, работая в оппозиции в Альфред Рубикс 24 ПОДПИСИ К ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫМ В ФОТОБЛОКЕ СНИМКАМ: 1. На Первомайском митинге СПЛ в Гризинькалнсе, посвященном Дню солидарности трудящихся. 01.05.2014. 2. На Первомайском митинге СПЛ в Гризинькалнс (Рига). 3. На митинге СПЛ, в Верманском парке г. Риги. 01.05.2015. 4. Члены Правления партии на митинге СПЛ, в Верманском парке г. Риги. 01.05.2015. 5. Депутаты Сейма ЛР Артур и Раймонд Рубиксы на митинге СПЛ, организованном в Верманском парке г. Риги. 01.05.2015. 6. Активист СПЛ И. Бурлакс на Первомайском митинге. 01.05.2015. 7. На митинге у памятника борцам революции 1905 года в г. Риге. 8. Цветы от СПЛ борцам революции 1905 года в г. Риге. 9. Пикет в Риге во время заседания суда по делу Фридиса Бокиша. 2007 год. 10. Экспозиция в Анчупане, в которой хранится память о зверствах фашистскмих варваров, прервавших десятки жизней мирных жителей поселка Аудрини. 11. На пути к Саласпилсскому мемориалу. 11.04.2015. 12. Митинг у мемориального комплекса в Саласпилсе. 11.04.2008. 13. Возложение цветов к мемориальному комплексу в Саласпилсе. 2009 г. 14. Группа активистов СПЛ на митинге у Саласпилсского мемо- риала. 11.04.2015. 15. На митинге СПЛ. 16. Возложение цветов к памятнику освободителям Риги от немецко-фашистских захватчиков. 23.02.2008. 17. На слушании в ЕП по проблеме конфликтов национальных меньшинств в Европе. 2010 г. 18. На научно-практ Нической конференции в Европарламенте (Брюссель) по вопросам рыбного хозяйства. 2013 год. 19, 20 На выездном семинаре депутатской фракции GUE/NGL Европарламента в Риге. 21. На международной научно-практической конференции, организованной депутатом ЕП Альфредом Рубиксом по проблемам пенсионеров в Евросоюзе. 2013 год. 22. Приветствие капитанов Александра Лукашенко и Раймонда Рубикса перед товарищеской встречей парламентских хоккейных комант Белоруссии и Латвии в Минске. 12.10.2013. 23. А. П. Рубикс беседует с избирателями на улицах Резекне. 24. Встреча с избирателями в Друвиене, Гулбенского района. 06.09.2002. С деятельностью Социалистической партии Латвии сегодня вы можете знакомиться на нашей странице в интернете www.latsocpartija.lv и в нашем профиле на Фейсбуке www.facebook.com/latsocpartija XVI LE6 LIJ 241 \^ drb`jlplY pjaeOUokpo de] epM, arlrh^o rUofpdkr ko crZ`l `ZhrRnlY docrahnlpUojapc Mokkrjl]c. @ZhnkpUokp], bhod`jcrl- hokk^o àn[nkk^cp krhcncp, crZ`l \^lY rbhnfdnk^ epNY `brc]- k`l^cp eoZplpck^cp Moe]cp. ;o drb`jlpcr, Ulr\^ rZhnkpUokp] \^ep bhrdpalrfnk^ lreYar jrr\hnRokp]cp breplpUojarX arkà- hokMpp.» Lr dk] bhpk]lp] L`drc Lnlfohjco dnkkrZr hoNokp] bhrNer jocY eol p [n Glp Zrd^ jr jlrhrk^ epM, arlrh^T anjnOlj] Glp rZhnkpUokp], ko \^er kp rdkrZr jeÙn], dnRo brb^lap knh`NplY do- crahnlpUojapo Mokkrjlp. Lk]lpòbrc]k`l^T rZhnkpUokpX \`dol jbrjr\jlfrfnlY docrahn- lp[nMpp p jberUokpO r\Hojlfn, a Uoc` kòjlnkkr bhp[^fnol Iho- [pdokl JnlfpXjarX 8ojb`\epap. 6oeoZnl^ XVI j9o[dn LIJ 16 kr]\h] 2013 Zrdn TYE[L>A\@ XVI j9o[dn LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp [BTX8YR\Y K J[L[FY:\ +rerdoRY – Glr \`d`Hoo eO\rZr Zrj`dnhjlfn. LoXUnj f Jnlfpp de] crerd#Rp Ir rarkUnkpp Ùo\^ br ckrZpc bhr `jlhrplYj] br jboMpneYkrjlp, kol fr[crRkrjlp breÙnlY drjlrXk^X [nhn\rlra, Ulr\^ r\ojboUplY jocYO p `drfeolfrhplY rjkrfk^o br- lho\krjlp. B brpjanT eÙNoX Rp[kp crerd^o eOdp – \`d`Hoo knNoX jlhnk^ brapdnOl jlhnk` jknUnen de] [nhn\rlan pep Ù#\^, n brlrc p rjodn] knfjoZdn [n h`\oRrc. LoXUnj ` crerdoRp Jnlfpp ojlY lreYar rdkn neYlohknlpfn br- pjanc jUnjlY] kn ÙR\pko – Glr \rhY\n [n jfrp bhnfn p eÙNÒ Rp[kY f Jnlfpp. +rerdoRY Jnlfpp, knjlner fhoc] rbhodoeplYj] – ana f^ Trlplo RplY p aoc Trlplo jlnlY! Ejep f^ crerd^, nalpfk^ p r\hn[rfnkk^, Ejep B^ Trlplo RplY drjlrXkrX Rp[kYO kn 8rdpko, breÙplY [dojY drjlrXkro r\hn[rfnkpo p hn\rl`, Ejep f^ bhrlpf lrZr, Ulr\^ brjf]lplY jfrO Rp[kY \o[rZe]dkrX Zrkao [n krf^cp foHncp p r\hn[` Rp[kp, knf][^fnocrc` crerdoRp hoaenck^cp benanlncp p cojlkrX bhnf]HoX GeplrX, Ejep f^ TrlplòRo joXUnj honeYkr fep]lY kn breplpà Jnlfpp p èÙNnlY `jerfp] Rp[kp f pklohojnT fjoT RploeoX jlhnk^, jfroZr 242 LIJ: 3L5@83 B 6@1-+E;5/ \`d`HoZr p \`d`HoZr jfrpT doloX, n ko lreYar rldoeYk^T bnhlpXk^T jbrkjrhrf, Bjl`bnXlo f h]d^ LrMpnepjlpUojarX bnhlpp Jnlfpp! LrMpnepjlpUojan] bnhlp] Jnlfpp kn bhrl]Rokpp 20 eol brjeo- drfnloeYkr rljlnpfnol jlhnloZpO hn[fplp] jlhnk^, arlrhn] f knp- \reYNoX jlobokp rlfoUnen \^ pklohojnc fjoT oo RploeoX, n ko rldoeYk^T \rZnl^T eOdoX. LrMpnepjlpUojan] bnhlp] Jnlfpp brddohRpfnol hn[fplpo anUo- jlfokkrZr bhr