130 GCD: +G(81+ B 28.*64(-
2ndnWlk hnbjdlEl!
4k`jbgn b dkIll _dnHal gjIlngjaQgYk bYVndY. +O dkX\aQhjh
_dlbka ] ;nd^ldnbjglJ _djblhkaQfhbj C-G8., ] lX^kgkglJ _djbl-
hkaQfhbj, gn gk ] _nalhl]k b _naQX\ hd\`ZEkWnfZ gjdn`j. .C Kkfh]n
VndnajfQ, fhja]lbjZfQ f flaj^l ]j_lhjaj, fnIlja-`k^n]djhlPkf]l^
l alVkdjaQgY^ _djbakglk^ l f n__ndh\glX^n^. 8gj _dnZblaj fhnT-
]nfhQ b \fanblZO @]ngn^lPkf]nWn ]dlXlfj l _n`#k^j fnIlja-`k^n-
]djhll gj bYVndjO, b \fanblZO, ]nW`j djVnPkk `blKkglk kEk gk
_kdkHan b ]nghdgjfh\_akglk. 4jHj _jdhlZ nfhjkhfZ hdkhQkT _n flak
_nalhlPkf]nT _jdhlkT b _jdaj^kghk, lXVdjb 21-Wn `k_\hjhj, \ gkk
hj]Kk ^nEgYk _nXlIll b djVnPk^ l gjdn`gn^ `blKkgll.
.C _dn`naKlh djVnhjhQ Vnakk dkHlhkaQgn gj` f_anPkglk^ fla
VndJElOfZ Xj `d\WnT _\hQ djXblhlZ, nfgnbjhkaQgn bYfh\_jJElO
_dnhlb fhdjhkWll ^ngn_nalT.
.dlhlPkf]l^ bn_dnfn^ ZbaZkhfZ \f]ndkglk _dnIkffj dkndWjgl-
XjIll ]ajffnbnWn djVnPkWn `blKkglZ, l kWn fnIljaQgYT fnJX f fl-
aj^l fj^nXjgZhYO, ^ka]nWn l fdk`gkWn ]dkfhQZgfhbj. 8fnVnk
XgjPkglk nVdkhjkh djf]dYhlk `kXndlkghld\JElO _dk`fhjbakglT n
«dkW\aldnbjgll», «nX`ndnbakgll», «nPkanbkPlbjgll» ]j_lhjalX^j,
]nhndYk ]\aQhlbld\Jh ]j_lhja, V\dK\jXgYk l n__ndh\glfhlPkf]lk
_nalhlPkf]lk flaY. - hj]Kk djf]dYhlk _dk`fhjbakglT, nVblgZJElO
Xj ]dlXlf gknalVkdjaQgnk dkW\aldnbjglk, n_djb`YbjZ hk^ fj^Y^
]j_lhjalX^ l nVakWPjZ djVnh\ fnIlja-`k^n]djhll, _dk`fhjbakglT,
nhdYbjJElO jghll^_kdljalfhlPkf]\J VndQV\ nh VndQVY _dnhlb ^n-
gn_nalT l _dl`kdKlbjJElOfZ gk]ajffnbnWn _nÒn`j ] ^kK`\gjdn`-
gY^ ndWjglXjIlZ^.
G gjHkT hnP]l XdkglZ, fkWn`gZ kEk Vnakk gknVOn`l^n nVkf_k-
PlhQ nhPkhalbnk _dlf\hfhblk ]n^^\glfhlPkf]lO l djVnPlO _jdhlT,
]n^^\glfhlPkf]lO fla, \VkK`kggYO b ^jd]flX^k-akglglX^k l _dn-
akhjdf]n^ lghkdgjIlngjalX^k l j]hlbgn djVnhjJElO b gj_djbak-
gll ;nd^ldnbjglZ ^kK`\gjdn`gY^ ]n^^\glfhlPkf]l^ `blKkglk^
k`lgnT fhdjhkWll.
2kaZfQ f Bj^l @hl^l ^YfaZ^l, gj`kk^fZ gj `jaQgkTHkk \flak-
glk gjHlÒb\OfhndngglO nhgnHkglT l Kkajk^ \f_kOj djVnhk Bj-
HkWn 12-Wn G#kX`j.
8( G62- 28 G62- 131
TC ?R>;BSJPRL @NHPTT,
@HTJ9P4 BS5?;
XII T XI I FSC?NBT F@D
@HTLSPFPLTS
FR8TNDTFPT6SF>R= @NHPTT DNPLTT
LSPSHNJNB LSDT>R= RPS6SFPLSJJR= LR=J4 –
@R&S?TPSD9B JN8TCBN T NTCBN
2ndnWlk l \bjKjk^Yk hnbjdlEl!
BnlgY Bkal]nT 8hkPkfhbkggnT bnTgY, fnbkhf]lk _jdhlXjgY, Wk-
dnlPkf]lk hd\Kkgl]l hYaj!
*lg\an 65 akh f hnWn `gZ, ]nW`j gj` ^ldn^ bnIjdlajfQ hlHlgj.
j^na]al _\H]l, _kdkfhjal bYhQ jbljVn^VY, _dk]djhlafZ f^kdhn-
gnfgYT fblfh _\aQ; gk djX`ldjal VnaQHk `\H\ fhngY l ]dl]l djgkgYO
l lf]jakPkggYO aJ`kT, _ajP l Xnb n _n^nEl `khkT. CdlHaj bkfgj
1945-Wn Wn`j. Bkal]jZ fhdjgj – GGG1 K`jaj bnXbdjEkglZ f ;dnghj
l lX _jdhlXjgf]lO akfnb fbnlO Wkdnkb, nfbnVn`lbHlO 8hPlXg\ nh Wlh-
akdnbf]lO n]]\_jghnb, fVdnflbHlO f 6bdn_Y Zd^n Wlhakdnbf]nWn gj-
Ilfhf]nWn _ndjVnEkglZ. DlIj aJ`kT flZal nh dj`nfhl!
!h\ dj`nfhQ fnhgZ^ l fnhgZ^ ^laalngnb aJ`kT _dlgkfal bY –
bnlgY .djfgnT -d^ll, fnbkhf]lk _jdhlXjgY l hd\Kkgl]l hYaj,
]dk_]n f_jZggYk n`gl^ Kkajglk^: _nVk`lhQ gkgjblfhgnWn bdjWj!
ajWn`jdZ fj^nnhbkdKkggn^\ hd\`\ b hYa\, ^jffnbn^\ WkdnlX^\
gj ;dnghk l gj n]]\_ldnbjggYO bdjWn^ hkddlhndlZO, gkf^nhdZ gj _n-
hn]l ]dnbl l _nhj l gkbYgnfl^Yk fhdj`jglZ, bY f\^kal bYfhnZhQ, n`n-
akhQ ;jHlfhf]nWn XbkdZ l _nVk`ngnfgn XjbkdHlhQ bnTg\ b kWn anWnbk.
4lX]lT bj^ _n]ang nh bfkO f_jf>ggYO l nfbnVnK`>ggYO!
4k_nfdk`fhbkggY^ lhnWn^ Bkal]nT CnVk`Y fnbkhf]nWn gjdn`j
l kWn .djfgnT -d^ll gj` Wlhakdnbf]nT ;jHlfhf]nT kd^jglkT Zbl-
anfQ bnXgl]gnbkglk ^ldnbnT flfhk^Y fnIljalX^j.
132 GCD: +G(81+ B 28.*64(-
8`gj]n, l^_kdljalX^, bfh\_lbHlT b XjbkdHjJElT @hj_ fbnkWn
f\EkfhbnbjglZ, djXdjVnhja l nf\Ekfhbla gnbYT hl_ jWdkffll _dn-
hlb GGG1 l ^ldnbnT flfhk^Y fnIljalX^j. 8g f\^ka gjbZXjhQ fn-
IljalX^\ lg;nd^jIlnggn-hkOgnanWlPkf]\J bnTg\ l f _n^nEQJ
n__ndh\glfhnb, gjIlngjalfhnb l ]naajVndjIlnglfhnb f^nW nf\Ek-
fhblhQ hn, Phn gk \`janfQ lhakd\ – djXd\HlhQ GGG1.
B lhnWk fnIljalX^ b GGG1 l b 6bdn_k _nhkd_ka bdk^kggnk _n-
djKkglk, j WanVjaQgYT ]j_lhja _dnàla fbn> f\Ekfhbnbjglk. 8g
_YhjkhfZ nV^jgn^ l flanT bn_anhlhQ gkn;jHlfhf]lk l`kl Xjbnk-
bjglZ VkXdjX`kaQgnWn ^ldnbnWn Wnf_n`fhbj. !hn bYXYbjkh fn_dnhlb-
akglk fbnVn`naJVlbYO gjdn`nb, \flakglk VndQVY _dnhlb
@]f_a\jhjIll hd\`nbnWn gjdn`j, _dnhlb gkn;jHlX^j l gjIlX^j. !hn
fn_dnhlbakglk gjVldjkh fla\, djf_dnfhdjgZkhfZ _n bfk^ ]nghlgkg-
hj^ l ZbaZkhfZ Ojdj]hkdlfhl]nT XXI bk]j. CnVk`j V\`kh Xj Pkanbk-
]n^ hd\`j, Xj djVnPl^ ]ajffn^!
BjH lfhndlPkf]lT _n`blW, `ndnWlk bkhkdjgY, bjHk ^\Kkfhbn,
^jffnbYT WkdnlX^ l aJVnbQ ] fbnkT 8hPlXgk – b`nOgnbaZJElT _dl-
^kd àZ gYgkHglO VndInb Xj ^ld, _dnhlb Pkanbk]ngkgjblfhglPk-
f]lO l`kT gjIlfhnb l gkn;jHlfhnb.
G_jflVn bj^ Xj bf>, Phn bY f`kajal àZ CnVk`Y, àZ bnIjdkglZ
^ldj gj Xk^ak!
G _djX`gl]n^ Bkal]nT CnVk`Y!