A Herzen Reader

See Eberhard Reissner, Alexander Herzen in Deutschland (Berlin: Akademie- Verlag, i963); Ulrike Preissmann, Alexander Herzen und Italien (Mainz: Liber Verlag, i989); Nadja Bontadina, Alexander Herzen und die Schweiz: Das Verhaltnis des russischen Publizisten und Aristokraten zur einzigen Republik im Europa seiner Zeit (Bern: P. Lang, i999); L. P. Lanskii, "Gertsen i Frantsiia," Literaturnoe nasledstvo 96, "Gertsen i zapad," ed. S. A. Maklashin and L. P. Lanskii (Moscow: Nauka, ^85): 254-306.

See, for example, F. B. Smith, "The View from Britain: Tumults Abroad, Stability at Home," and J. H. Grainger, "The View from Britain: The Moralizing Island," in Intel­lectuals and Revolution: Socialism and the Experience of 1848, ed. Eugene Kamenka and F. B. Smith (London: E. Arnold, i979), 94-E20, i2i-30.

"Robert Ouen," Poliarnaia zvezda 6 (i86i): 286.

Yarmolinsky argues that Herzen's conception of the obshchina was a "fantasy- laden . . . social myth" created by "an expatriate who had never been close to the actuali­ties of Russian rural life." Avrahm Yarmolinsky, Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism (London: Cassell, i957), i72.

S. Gurvich-Lishchiner, "Chaadaev-Gertsen-Dostoevskii: K probleme lichnosti i razuma v tvorcheskom soznanii," Voprosy literatury 3 (2004): 22i.

See Lina Steiner, "Gercen's Tragic Bildungsroman: Love, Autonomy, and Maturity in Aleksandr Gercen's Byloe i dumy," Russian Literature 6i, no. i-2 (January i-February i5, 2007): i39-73.

See Colin Heydt, Rethinking Mill's Ethics: Character and Aesthetic Education (London: Continuum, 2006). On Mill's exploration of "the sphere of imagination, self- culture, personal aesthetics" and that which is necessary "to secure to the individual an area within which his individuality may be exercised to the full," see Alan Ryan, "On Liberty: Beyond Duty to Personal Aesthetics," in The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill (Lon­don: Macmillan, 1970), 233. In his mature years, Herzen recognized that the element of inner freedom of conscience was of at least equal importance as that of freedom from the coercion of the state.

Of Herzen's approximately 30 years of literary activity, 23 years were spent abroad, with over half of those years spent in England.

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