A. J. Lohwater's Russian-English Dictionary of the Mathematical Sciences

PRINTED	SOUND	TRANSLITERATION	I	II	III	IV
А   а	ah (father)	a	a	a	a
Б   б	b (bed)	b	b	b	b
В   в	v (vigor)	v	v	v	w
Г   г	g (go)	g	g	g	g
Д   д	d (do)	d	d	d	d
Е   е	yeh (yet)	ye, e	e	e	je
Ё   ё 1	yo (yolk)	ye, e	л	л	jo
Ж   ж	zh (pleasure)	zh	zh	ž	sh
З   з	z (zigzag)	z	z	z	s
И   и	ee (feet)	i	i	i	i
Й   й	y (toy)	y	ǐ	ǐ	j
(І   і) 2	ee (feet)
К   к	k (king)	k	k	k	k
Л   л	l (ball)	l	l	l	l
М   м	m (man)	m	m	m	m
Н   н	n (nose)	n	n	n	n
О   о	o (sort)	o	o	o	o
П   п	p (pin)	p	p	p	p
Р   р	r (ring, trilled)	r	r	r	r
С   с	s (sun)	s	s	s	s (ss)
Т   т	t (time)	t	t	t	t
У   у	oo (poor)	u	u	u	u
Ф   ф	f (fig)	f	f	f	f
Х   х	kh (like kh in German ach)	kh	kh	h	ch
Ц   ц	ts (tarts)	ts	ts	c	z
Ч   ч	ch (much)	ch	ch	č	tsch
Ш   ш	sh (shop)	sh	sh	š	sch
Щ   щ	shch (lush cherry)	shch	shch	šč	stsch
Ъ   ъ 3	(silent)	″	″	″	′
Ы   ы	i or e (it, we)	y	y	y	y
Ь   ь	(silent)	′	′	′	j
(Ђ   ђ) 4	ye (yet)
Э   э 5	e (ten)	e	è	è	e
Ю   ю	yu (you)	yu	yu	yu	ju
Я   я	ya (yard)	ya	ya	ya	ja
(Θ   θ) 6	f (fat)
(V   v) 7	ee (meet)

1.	Usually written as е although the pronunciation of ё is retained. ↑
2.	Replaced by и in the post-Revolution orthography. ↑
3.	Used only as a separation mark after certain consonants; sometimes replaced by the symbols ′ or ″ in the middle of words, and dropped altogether when used at the end of a word in the old orthography. ↑
4.	Replaced by е in the post-Revolution orthography. ↑
5.	Retained in the post-Revolution orthography, but replaced by е in certain words. ↑
6.	Replaced by ф in the post-Revolution orthography. ↑
7.	Replaced by и in the post-Revolution orthography. ↑

The Noun

Russian is an inflected language; its nouns and adjectives are declined into six cases depending upon their function in a sentence. Also, nouns are grouped into three genders, masculine (m.), feminine ( f .), and neuter (n.), and the gender of a given noun may generally be determined by its ending.

A. Functional Description of the Six Cases in Russian

1. Nominative case. A noun in the nominative case denotes the subject or the predicate nominative.

a. Subject.

Мы знаем. → We know.

Студент знает. → The student knows.

b. Predicate nominative.

Они студенты. → They are students.

c. The nominative form is the one listed in the dictionaries.  

2. Genitive case. A noun appears in the genitive case when expressing any of the following:

a. Possession.

работа профессора → the professor's work, the work of the professor

У профессора работа. → The professor has work.

b. "Of" clauses.

решение уравнения → the solution of the equation

c. Object of negation.

Число X не превосходит этой величины. → The number X does not exceed the magnitude.

d. Complement of certain verbs.

Мы достигнем результата. → We shall achieve the result.

e. Following numbers (except the number one and any compound with the number one):

i. Genitive singular following 2, 3, and 4, as well as any compounds in which the final component is 2, 3, or 4 (e.g., 22, 33, 54): три (3) книги, "three books"

ii. Genitive plural following 5 through 20, as well as any compounds in which the final component is 5, 6, etc.: пять (5) книг, "five books"

f. Following words denoting quantity.

Сколько теорем? → How many theorems?

много теорем → a lot of theorems  

3. Dative case. A noun appears in the dative ease in the following environments:

a. Indirect object.

Студент читает доклад профессору. → The student gives (reads) a paper to the professor.

b. Impersonal expressions (sentences in which there is no grammatical subject):

Ивану легко читать по-русски. → It's easy for John to read Russian.

Студенту надо заниматься. → The student must study. It is necessary for the student to study.